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PubMed1985

[Sense and sense relations in psychopathology].

The pair of concepts "sensible/absurd" should be differentiated from the pair of contrasts "true/false". Whether the relation between a subject and its way of being may be evaluated as sensible can not be decided with regard to the presumedly transindividual standard form characteristics of the method of experience. Sensible or senseless is a statement on a relationship included in a perceived field of action, referring two partners within a common symbolic world of senses to one another, and thus obliging them to a particular conception of reality determining their own and their expected behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Three principles of mental functioning in psychoanalytic theory and practice.

In this essay I have reformulated the relationship of the pleasure principle, reality principle, and Nirvana principle. I have linked this conception of the three principles of mental functioning to the idea of the paranoid-schizoid position. And I have attempted to demonstrate the utility of these various notions for illuminating the analyst's sleepiness during analytic sessions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Resistance in convergent and in divergent conflicts.

Psychoanalytic theory has limited the term conflict to refer only to convergent conflict, whose elements tend to move toward each other, as in repression. Formulations made from the viewpoint of the method of free association have led the author to favor an expansion in the concept of conflict to include also divergent conflict, whose elements tend to move apart, as in regression-progression and in mourning. A broad range of clinical and theoretical phenomena of psychoanalysis can be accounted for by such a revision in the concept of conflict. Focusing on resistance, this paper provides a historical review and discusses the application of an expanded concept of conflict in the field of psychoanalytic technique.

Awareness↗
PubMed1985

Reality construction at the family/society interface: the internalization of family themes and values.

An important component of the socialization function of the family continues to be the preparation of the young for integration into society. Empirical data, particularly from therapeutic settings, indicate that some children are notably well prepared for the world outside their families, while others have hardly been prepared at all. Adolescence is typically the time when these coping skills are most obvious. This paper addresses the issue of socialization of the young for participation in society. Building upon the "family theme" motif, the family is viewed as a micro-society. The issue of congruence between family themes and societally shared meanings is considered, utilizing ideas from the social construction of reality theories of Berger and Luckmann (1966). Three ideal-types of family themes are developed relative to their external world meanings. Previous work on family themes typically has failed to deal with the interpretative function of family meanings. How the family "explains" the family-external meanings is addressed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Differentiation, individuation, and identity formation: the integration of family system and individual developmental perspectives.

This paper examines the constructs of individuation, differentiation, and identity formation from the individual development and family system theory perspectives. The goal of the paper is to achieve a more thorough understanding of the role of the individuation process in identity formation, and the role of the family system's level of differentiation as a mediator of both these processes. The basic assumption is that both the family system and individual developmental perspectives are interdependent in that the individuation and identity formation process encompass two frames of reference--the individual's efforts toward separation from the family of origin and the impact of these efforts on identity formation and the family system as the social framework within which, and in relation to which, the individuation occurs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Adolescents: why they can be so obnoxious.

This paper describes examples of adolescent behavior which parents and school personnel find obnoxious. It attempts to explain why intelligent, reasonable and well-adjusted teenagers periodically behave in this way, as something that is developmentally inevitable given the uneven development of competencies in several important areas. Adolescent incompetencies in four areas (cognitive, social cognition, moral judgment, and knowledge of the world) are discussed and exemplified by resulting behavior (including the current Cabbage Patch doll fad). Suggestions for dealing positively with the sometimes difficult and exasperating behavior of adolescents are offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Chance, ambiguity, and psychological mindedness.

The inability to believe in chance occurrences and an intolerance of ambiguity in the external world are often the outward manifestations of poor psychological mindedness. Such attitudes are frequently accompanied by beliefs in the occult and the mystical. It is suggested that these factors be considered when an individual is being evaluated for analytic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Mental transitional spheres.

The human being may be considered to have mental transitional spheres in which the sifting, transforming, intensifying, and inhibiting of stimuli are initiated. Stimuli essential to the development of the psychic apparatus are converted in the mental transitional spheres into a form that will enable them to exert the appropriate influence on the ego. Optimal ego development cannot take place without the proper functioning of these spheres. Thus, the mental transitional spheres are essential for the development of psychic functions and defenses.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Phenomenology and psychodynamics of suicide patients in the awakening phase].

In the following paper is given a first survey of the phenomenology and psychosomatics of the period of awakening of patients having attempted suicide. The findings of the first period were compared to those elicited one or two days later with the same methods but under different somato-psychic circumsatnces. We found that soon after awakening patients gain some distance from events connected with their suicide. From this observation it is concluded that therapeutic intervention with these patients should begin right during the awakening period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Psychosis in borderline personality disorder.

Do patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) display psychotic symptoms as part of their syndrome? This question has important theoretical significance, since it bears on the question of whether BPD lies 'on the border' of psychotic functioning, or whether it is unrelated to psychotic disorders. A review of available evidence suggests that 'narrowly defined' psychotic symptoms, such as those included under the DSM-III definition of psychosis, are rare in BPD. Furthermore, when such symptoms have been reported in BPD, they may have been attributable to a concomitant, possibly independent, disorder suffered by the patient, such as substance abuse or major affective disorder. Broadly defined psychotic symptoms, such as depersonalization, are much more often reported in BPD, but many of these symptoms have also been reported frequently in patients with non-psychotic disorders and in normals. Finally, the prevalence of factitious psychotic symptoms in BPD has not been systematically investigated. Thus, the evidence for psychotic symptoms in BPD remains equivocal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pathology as "personal growth": a participant-observation study of lifespring training.

This paper presents an overview of a Lifespring Basic Training workshop from a psychoanalytic perspective. Basing our conclusions on a participant-observation study, we argue that the impact of the training was essentially pathological. First, in the early period of the training, ego functions were systematically undermined and regression was promoted. Second, the ideational or interpretive framework of the training was based upon regressive modes of reasoning. Third, the structure and content of the training tended to stimulate early narcissistic conflicts and defenses, which accounted for the elation and sense of heightened well-being achieved by many participants.

Adolescent↗