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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Heat injuries to the respiratory system.

A steam-tube of the main boiler exploded on a ship lying in the harbour of Hamburg. The steam temperature was 283 degrees C. Cutaneous and severe inhalational scalding occured in the 27 fatalities, the men dying after different intervals. This paper deals with the pathological findings in the respiratory passages and the lung, describing the topographical extent of direct thermal injury and the temporal course of tissue reactions. In cases of instantaneous death coagulation necrosis of the tracheal and bronchial wall was found to extend to alveolar ducts in central parts of the lung. The lung parenchyma showed marked congestion, alveolar edema and desquamation of alveolar epithelial cells. Death occured due to acute pulmonary dysfunction and shock. Lethal complications following the period of primary shock consisted of fulminant confluent bronchopneumonia, the hyaline membrane syndrome or the onset of desquamative interstitial pneumonia. These changes rendered it difficult to evaluate the effects of the heavy cutaneous scalding on the pathological course of inhalational injuries in those surviving for longer periods.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Alterations of the respiratory system of Neurospora crassa by the mi-1 mutation.

The respiratory mechanism of the cytochrome-defective mi-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa was partially characterized and compared with that of the wild type. Both systems of electron transport were linked to oxidative phosphorylation and showed similar characteristics with respect to substrates and components. The system operating in the cytochrome-deficient mi-1 mutant showed no characteristic alpha absorption bands of cytochromes a or b and was very unstable in vitro. The possibility that this system may be an altered form of the normal cytochrome electron transport chain which occurs in the wild type is discussed.

Cytochromes↗
PubMed1994

Defense reaction in the pond snail Planorbis corneus. I. Activity of the shell-moving and respiratory systems.

1. In the intact pond snail Planorbis corneus, tactile or electrical stimulation of the skin evoked a biphasic general defense reaction. A weak stimulation evoked only the first phase of the reaction, represented as a fast pulling of the shell towards the head. With stronger stimulation, this phase was followed by the second phase that was comprised of three components: detachment from the substrate, slow retraction of the body into the shell, and letting out of air from the lung through the pneumostome. 2. About 70 motor neurons (MNs) of the columellar muscle have been revealed in different ganglia by means of their cobalt back-filling through the cut columellar nerve. A complicated pattern of electrical coupling was found for different groups of MNs. Excitation of individual MNs, evoked by current injection, resulted in contraction of the columellar muscle (CNS-columellar muscle preparation). The strongest contraction was evoked by the cerebral MNs; fast small contraction by the parietal MNs; and slow, long-latency contraction, by the pedal MNs. 3. In the same preparation, electrical stimulation of the cutaneous (lip) nerve evoked biphasic contraction of the columellar muscle (a first phase lasting approximately 3 s, and a second phase of up to 1 min). The temporal pattern of this response was similar to that of the defense reaction in the intact animal. A weak stimulation evoked only the first phases of the reaction, while a stronger stimulation evoked both phases. The amplitude of both the first and the second phase was graded with the strength of stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1984

[Functional origin of the respiratory system in ontogeny. II. The biological importance of the act of birth and the start of extrauterine respiration].

The programme preparation of the fetus for extrauterine autonomic development in the air medium is completed during the process of natural generic act. The postnatal apnea appears to be the result of the fetus central nervous system depressive state. This depression originates in prenatal period and continues during the delivery. The so-called first breath occurs as a results of overcoming of the depressive influences action and the renewal of automatic activity of the respiratory center which has been temporarily switched off.

Adaptation, Physiological↗