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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

An appliance that permits early mobilization after correction of mandibular prognathism.

With certain orthognathic surgery patients, such as epileptics, severe asthmatics, or those with other medical problems that increase risk during intermaxillary fixation, there occasionally may be an indication for a reduced fixation time. By using Vitallium mesh for stability, immobilization for 2 to 2 1/2 weeks has proved to be sufficient in a limited number of cases. Mobilization before two weeks has not been attempted. The procedure, however, is not recommended as a routine method of fixation.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental alveolar ridge augmentation by distraction osteogenesis using a simple device that permits secondary implant placement.

The purpose of this study was to develop an improved technique of alveolar ridge augmentation by distraction osteogenesis using distraction screws, and to investigate tissue reactions to titanium implants at the distraction site. The left mandibular premolars were extracted from 6 adult dogs. After 12 weeks, a box-shaped osteotomy of the alveolar bone was carried out, and distraction devices were placed on the transport and base segments. After a 7-day latency period, the alveolar bone was augmented by 7 mm vertically at a rate of 1.0 mm/day. Just after distraction, these devices were replaced with dental implants for fixation of the transport segment and bone formation of the distraction site. Histologic and radiographic evaluations were made at 8 and 12 weeks after distraction. Vertical augmentation averaged 6.1 mm after 12 weeks of consolidation. It was possible to lengthen the alveolar bone without great difficulty, and good bone formation was recognized in the distraction site. Greater integration between the implant and the distracted bone was observed at 12 weeks after distraction than at 8 weeks. Distraction osteogenesis was successfully applied to alveolar ridge augmentation by this improved technique, and the implants osseointegrated in the augmented ridge.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed2000

Gene amplifications characterize acral melanoma and permit the detection of occult tumor cells in the surrounding skin.

Acral melanoma (AM) is commonly distinguished from superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), the most common type of melanoma, by its clinical presentation as well as its ethnic distribution. However, justification for such a distinction is controversial because of histological overlap and lack of prognostic significance. We analyzed chromosomal aberrations of 15 AMs and 15 SSMs that were comparable for tumor thickness and patient age, using comparative genomic hybridization. All AMs had at least one (mean, 2.0) gene amplification, significantly more than the SSMs, in which only 2 of 15 (13%) had one amplification each (P < 0.0001). At least 15 different genomic regions were amplified in AM. These involved small portions of chromosomal arms, sometimes including known oncogenes implicated in melanoma. The most frequently amplified regions in AMs occurred at 11q13 (47%), 22q11-13 (40%), and 5p15 (20%). Comparison of the amplification levels of invasive and noninvasive portions of the tumors using fluorescence in situ hybridization suggested that amplifications occurred before the formation of the invasive portion. The finding of amplifications of 11q13 in three of five additional cases of AM in situ further supports the notion that amplifications arise early in the progression of AM. Very significantly, we found isolated melanocytes with amplifications in the epidermis up to 3 mm beyond the histologically recognizable extent of the melanomas in 5 of 15 invasive AMs. In conclusion, our data show that AM is a distinct type of melanoma characterized by focused gene amplifications occurring early in tumorigenesis, and that malignant cells are present beyond the histologically detectable boundary, thereby revealing one mechanism of local recurrence.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2000

[Pet markets: permits and surveillance].

When pets are sold on pet markets there are frequently situations that are not consistent with the laws concerned with animal welfare. Animals are not packed properly, tropical animals needing certain temperatures are sold outdoors under unsuitable weather conditions, animals are kept and transported in unsuitable containers, shy animals not used to market conditions or sick animals are being offered. Different possibilities to guarantee proper conditions for the animals are being described involving the organizer as well as the local veterinary authority surveying the market. Possible executive measures are presented.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2000

Permissive hypoxemia permitted postoperative weaning from artificial ventilation after repair of pulmonary atresia.

Survival after corrective surgery of pulmonary atresia was associated with low right ventricular pressure, indicating normal pulmonary vascular resistance. Therefore increased fractional inspiratory oxygen concentration, inhaled nitric oxide and intravenous prostacyclin were considered to be effective measures during postoperative intensive care. In a 20-year-old female, conduit repair and unifocalisation of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and systemic to pulmonary arterial collaterals were performed despite preexisting one-sided pulmonary hypertension. During the following postoperative period, normal arterial oxygen saturation aimed at by means of a high fractional inspiratory oxygen concentration, resulted in persistent pulmonary oedema despite fluid restriction. After several trials of weaning from artificial ventilation, permissive hypoxemia was eventually successful.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Response element and coactivator-mediated conformational change of the vitamin D(3) receptor permits sensitive interaction with agonists.

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the nuclear receptor for 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)] that acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor via combined contact with coactivator proteins (steroid receptor coactivator-1, transcriptional intermediary factor 2, and receptor associated coactivator 3) and specific DNA binding sites [vitamin D response elements (VDREs)]. Ligand-mediated conformational changes of the VDR contribute to the key mechanisms in this nuclear hormone signaling process. 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3), MC1288 [20-epi-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)], ZK161422 [20-methyl-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)], and Ro27-2310 (also called Gemini, having two side chains at carbon 20) were used as model VDR agonists. The analysis of agonist-induced VDR conformations and coactivator interactions were found to be insufficient for extrapolating in vivo activities. In DNA-independent assays, such as classical limited protease digestions and glutathione S-transferase pull downs, Gemini seemed to be up to 10,000-fold and the other VDR agonists 10- to 100-fold weaker than in functional in vivo assays. A more accurate description of the gene regulatory potential of VDR agonists was obtained with all tested VDR agonists by analyzing VDR conformations in the context of VDRE-bound VDR-retinoid X receptor heterodimers, in such assays as gel supershift, gel shift clipping, and limited protease digestion in the presence of DNA and cofactor. Coactivators were found to shift the ligand sensitivity (by a factor of 4 for Gemini) and the ratio of VDR conformations in the presence of DNA toward the high-affinity ligand binding conformation (c1(LPD)). In conclusion, the induction of response element- and coactivator-modulated VDR conformations appears to be a key step for the gene regulatory function of a VDR agonist. The quantification of these effects would be of central importance for the evaluation of the cell-specific efficacy of systemically applied 1alpha, 25(OH)(2)D(3) analogs.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Successful conservative treatment of endometrial carcinoma permitting subsequent pregnancy: report of two cases.

Two women with endometrial carcinoma who wished to preserve their childbearing ability received conservative treatment by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 600 mg/day for 22 weeks and 29 weeks, respectively). Following regression of endometrial lesions, their infertility was treated by inducing ovulation. Intact pregnancy was diagnosed 13 months and 11 months after completion of the MPA treatment, respectively. One patient had a twin pregnancy and delivered two infants at 35 weeks of gestational age. The other patient delivered a full-term baby. They had no evidence of recurrence 60 months and 31 months after the conservative treatment, respectively. We believe this conservative treatment with progestin may be safely performed for young patients with endometrial cancer who wish to preserve their fertility.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

NFAT-controlled expression of GFP permits visualization and isolation of antigen-stimulated primary human T cells.

We have developed a new method that allows detection and isolation of viable, antigen-specific, human T cells from a heterogeneous pool of T cells. We have engineered a self-inactivating retroviral vector containing multiple (3 or 6) nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT)-binding sites, followed by the minimal IL2 promoter and the reporter gene GFP. Jurkat cells, primary T-cell blasts, and T-cell clones were transduced with high efficiency (20%-40%). Stimulation of the transduced cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin resulted in a high level expression of GFP that was maximal after 12 to 14 hours and remained stable for another 12 hours. Activation of T cells carrying the construct containing 6 NFAT-binding sites resulted in the highest mean fluorescence intensity. Cyclosporin-A and FK506 were able to block the activation-dependent GFP expression. Activation of transduced T-cell blasts with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B or of transduced antigen-specific T-cell clones with cognate antigen resulted in GFP expression. After an overnight stimulation of a heterogeneous T-cell bulk culture with an HLA mismatched stimulator cell (JY), the GFP expressing cells were cloned. As expected, the cloning frequency of the antigen-specific GFP(+) cells was considerably higher than that of the total T-cell population. Most of the T-cell clones were either cytolytic, or proliferative toward JY stimulator cells. Interestingly, we also isolated T-cell clones that were noncytolytic and nonproliferative toward JY cells, but specifically up-regulated GFP after an overnight stimulation with JY. (Blood. 2000;96:459-466)

Antigens↗
PubMed2000

Loading of oxidizable transmitters into secretory vesicles permits carbon-fiber amperometry.

Carbon-fiber amperometry detects oxidizable molecules released by exocytosis. We extended this electrochemical technique to cells that do not normally secrete oxidizable transmitters. We incubated AtT-20 cells, pituitary gonadotropes, cultured cerebellar granule cells, and yeast with high concentrations of dopamine (DA) and observed spontaneous and evoked quantal release of DA by amperometry. The rate of detectable spontaneous amperometric events was used as a measure of loading in AtT-20 cells. With 70 mm DA in the bath, loading was complete within 40 min. Cytoplasmic accumulation preceded vesicular loading. Loading decreased proportionally as the bath DA concentration was lowered. Loading rates were similar at 37 and 25 degrees C and much slower at 15 degrees C. Loading was blocked by bafilomycin A(1), a proton pump inhibitor, but not by bupropion, an inhibitor of the plasma membrane DA transporter. Other cells were tested. Spontaneous quantal events became more frequent and evoked events became larger and more frequent when PC12 cells were loaded with DA. Fluid-phase loading of neurons by short stimulation in DA solutions seemed selective for the synaptic vesicles. Thus, many cell types can be loaded with DA to study spontaneous and evoked exocytosis. The amine molecules enter these cells passively and may become concentrated in acidic vesicles by protonation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1975

Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli. III. Mutations sfiA and sfiB restore division in tif and lon strains and permit the expression of mutator properties of tif.

In E. coli K12, cell filamentation promoted by tif is enhanced by the lon mutation; in contrast, prophage induction and repair of UV-irradiated phage lambda, also promoted by tif, are not affected by lon. From a tif lon double mutant, "revertants" having recovered the ability to divide at 41 degrees were isolated, among which most (95%) had also lost their Lon filamentous phenotype after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. From these 95% of revertants: (1) 94% are suppressed for the whole Tif phenotype, by additional mutations that render them deficient in DNA repair, as judged from their high UV sensitivity; some have been characterized as recA mutants. (2) 1% have recovered a control on cell division at 41 degrees or after UV irradiation by means of secondary mutations altering neither the other phenotypic properties of tif and lon, nor the repair and recombination ability of the cells: in particular, this class of "revertants" remains thermoinducible upon lysogenisation; the mutations which specifically suppress filamentation have been mapped at two loci, sfiA and sfiB, cotransducible respectively with pyrD and leu. In the remaining 5% of revertants that still exhibit an UV-induced filamentous growth, 3% can be tentatively classified as true tif+ revertants; 2% behave as tif thermodependent revertants, showing suppression of the Tif (and Lon) phenotype only at 41 degrees: 2recAts have been identified in this class. Non-lysogenic tif lon sfi and tif sfi strains remain viable during prolonged growth at 41 degrees. Under these conditions, tif expresses mutator properties, which can be conveniently analyzed in this sfi background. The action of lif, lon and sfi mutations is tentatively interpreted on the basis of a negative control of cell division specifically associated with DNA repair.

Cell Division↗