Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Pamphlets”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Reduction of anxiety during MR imaging: a controlled trial.

An anxiety reduction protocol was developed and evaluated for routine use with neurology and neuropsychiatry patients undergoing brain or spinal scans. Thirty five patients underwent standard procedures, with limited information given in advance. Twenty nine experimental patients received a booklet giving information about the scanning procedure and advice on cognitive strategies for anxiety reduction, a tape-recorded demonstration of scanner noise, a visit to the control room before entering the scanner, a device to signal for adjustment of music volume, precise timings of each scan, and a clock visible during scanning. Anxiety was measured before, during, and after scanning, using subjective ratings and a retrospective version of the Spielberger State Anxiety Scale. There was no difference in anxiety between groups immediately prior to the scan and immediately after entering the scanner. Patients in the experimental group were significantly less anxious during the scan than control patients, as measured by mean anxiety ratings made during the imaging procedure and by retrospective State Anxiety scores completed immediately after leaving the scanner. The results show that scan-related anxiety can be reduced by introducing these simple changes to MR imaging procedures, with minimal cost, no special training of staff, and no disruption of the running of the MR Unit.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Asthma leaflets for patients: what do asthma nurses use?

This study investigated patient information leaflets used by trained asthma nurses, and nurses' satisfaction with these. Main outcome measures were frequency of use, sources of material, and rating of reliability and readability. A total of 775 practice nurses with a diploma in asthma working in the general practice setting were surveyed using a postal questionnaire. Forty two percent of questionnaires (326) were returned. The provision of asthma information is an integral part of patient care by the trained asthma nurse. Most nurses (260, 83%) gave out between one and ten leaflets per week. An abundance of diverse information is available from a variety of sources, main sources used were Glaxo-Wellcome (cited by 47% of respondents), National Asthma Campaign (NAC) (19% of respondents) and Astra (19%). Pharmaceutical company material was considered more easily available, free of charge and more attractively presented. NAC material was viewed as more accurate. Assessment of NAC, Glaxo-Wellcome and Astra booklets revealed that they conformed to British Thoracic Society Guidelines for acute asthma. Thus, nurses stated a preference for charity information but in practice used a predominance of pharmaceutical company information. This appears to be because pharmaceutical company information was more readily available and free of charge. Nurses felt unease with self-perceived over-reliance on pharmaceutical company information.

Asthma↗
PubMed2001

A checklist to improve patient education in a cardiology outpatient setting.

A randomised controlled trial with process evaluation was conducted (n=103) to study the use and impact of a Frequently Asked Questions checklist as a means to prepare coronary outpatients for a regular visit to their cardiologist. It was hypothesised that use of the checklist would result in better patient-doctor communication, lower state anxiety and higher knowledge scores among patients, resulting in greater patient satisfaction. The patients in the experimental group (n=53) received the checklist, with written instructions in addition to a brochure from the Dutch Heart Foundation, at home to prepare for their visit. The control patients only received the brochure. State anxiety immediately before the visit was significantly lower among experimental patients. No significant differences in patient satisfaction or knowledge were found. Using the checklist did not result in longer patient-doctor consultations. Experimental patients regarded the checklist as a useful tool to prepare for their visits to the clinic. We conclude that the checklist may be a useful tool for cardiac patients to prepare for their visits to their cardiologist.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

The short-term impact of tailored mammography decision-making interventions.

BACKGROUND: We assessed the short-term impact of decision-making interventions on knowledge about mammography, accuracy of women's breast cancer risk perceptions, attitudes toward mammography, satisfaction with decisions, and mammography use since the intervention. METHODS: The study was conducted among women who were members of Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina and were in their 40s or 50s at the time the study began in 1997. Women were randomly assigned to usual care (UC), tailored print booklets (TP) alone, or TP plus telephone counseling (TP+TC ). RESULTS: 12-month interviews were completed by 1127 women to assess short-term intervention effects. Generally, women who received TP+TC were significantly more knowledgeable about mammography and breast cancer risk and were more accurate in their breast cancer risk perceptions than women in the TP and UC groups. They also were more likely to have had a mammogram since the baseline interview. In multivariable analyses, we found significant benefits of the combination of TP+TC compared to TP and to UC for knowledge, accuracy of risk perceptions, and mammography use. DISCUSSION: For complex decision-making tasks, such as women's decisions about mammography in the face of controversy, the combination of TP and TC may be more effective than TP alone, and certainly more effective than UC. It is critical that investigators determine the topics for which TP is appropriate and the situations that require additional supportive interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Enhancing recall of information from a patient education booklet: a trial using cardiomyopathy patients.

A quasi-experimental trial was conducted to compare the effect on information recall of: (a) the use of adjunct questions (AQ) in printed materials; and (b) a procedure (the 5Rs) for integrating printed patient education materials into face-to-face teaching. A total of 51 patients with severe left ventricular failure (cardiomyopathy) was assigned to one of three groups (n=17). Each group worked with a purpose-prepared booklet, the first in association with the 5Rs procedure; the second group with a version of the booklet containing adjunct questions; and the third with a text only version of the booklet. Recall of information from the booklet was measured using a checklist scored on the basis of responses secured in a standardised interview. Improved recall was associated with both the adjunct questions and the 5Rs procedure, with the latter achieving a substantially superior outcome. The practical implications of these findings are presented and directions for further research indicated.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Effects of information supply on satisfaction with information and quality of life in cancer patients receiving curative radiation therapy.

In order to test the efficacy of various information inputs, 210 consecutive cancer patients were randomized to one of three information conditions before the start of curative radiation treatment: (1) standard information plus group and repeated individual information (n=70), (2) standard information plus brochure (n=70), and (3) standard information only (n=70). Patients completed questions regarding satisfaction with information, anxiety, depression, subjective distress and quality of life at inclusion, and 1h before the start of the radiation therapy treatment (approximately 4 weeks later). Patients receiving standard information plus group and repeated individual information were significantly more satisfied with the information than were patients in the remaining two groups. There were no differences with respect to any of the other outcome measures. This study has shown that the nurses group and individual information was of significant importance in preparing the patients for the procedure of receiving radiation therapy.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Development of a tuberculosis education booklet for Latino immigrant patients.

The incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis are far more common among third world populations immigrating to the United States than among US-born citizens. Immigrants' failure to comply with an anti-tuberculosis treatment can impede completion of care and further confound this public health problem. Barriers to patient--provider communication can negatively influence adherence to a medical regimen. Patients who are unable to comprehend medical advice and do not see it as personally salient are less likely to follow their provider's medical advice. In this paper, the authors focus on efforts to develop a patient education tool targeting Spanish-speaking Latino immigrant patients to facilitate communication with tuberculosis clinicians. A description of the multi-stage developmental processes is presented including conducting a needs assessment, development of visual and written messages, review/critique by tuberculosis experts, field-testing, revisions, and distribution. Formative evaluation and field testing indicates promise for improving communication using this tool.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed2002

Using alternative methodologies for evaluating patient medication leaflets.

A variety of direct and indirect methods have been used to evaluate written medication information; however, no published research has validated assessment tools or presented direct consumer assessment of patient information leaflets (PILs) provided in US community pharmacy (CP). We report on two new instruments: the medication information design assessment scale (MIDAS), an indirect measure of design quality administered by the investigators, and the consumer information rating form (CIRF), a direct measure of comprehensibility, utility, and overall design quality applied by a consumer panel. These were used to assess two types of PILs: 36 CP-PILs obtained from community pharmacies and 3 Model-PILs incorporating recommended design characteristics. The validity of the MIDAS was demonstrated in two ways. First, as predicted, the Model-PILs were rated more positively by consumers. We also found a significant positive correlation between the number of design criteria incorporated in a CP-PIL (as measured by the MIDAS score) and the consumers rating of design quality (CIRF). In conclusion, we confirmed the importance of design characteristics in the production of written medication information and have also developed and validated two easy-to-use tools for the assessment of written medication information.

Drug Labeling↗
PubMed2003

The effect of an intervention programme to improve health education leaflet uptake and distribution in community pharmacies.

The effect of an intervention programme to improve health education leaflet uptake in community pharmacies was conducted with a small convenience sample of 12 community pharmacies in North Staffordshire, UK. The intervention consisted of four different modes of leaflet provision. Modes 1 and 2 (without and with overt offer of advice from pharmacist respectively) relied upon the pharmacy client to actively obtain a leaflet, whereas Modes 3 and 4 (without and with offer of advice from pharmacist respectively) relied upon pharmacy staff to actively provide a leaflet. All 12 community pharmacies received 50 copies of a purposefully designed leaflet. The intervention extended over one calendar month. Data was collected during the intervention via monitoring forms completed by the pharmacist on a day to day basis, and interviews were conducted with the pharmacists at the end of the study. The overall uptake or distribution rate of leaflets was 64%. In both modes which offered advice (Modes 2 and 4), approximately one of every five leaflet recipients sought advice. The community pharmacists considered the intervention to be feasible, effective and enabled the utilisation of their skills.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of a question-and-answer booklet on early-stage prostate-cancer.

A question-and-answer booklet about early-stage prostate-cancer was created for patients and their family members. Two sequential studies were conducted to determine if the single source of information would be useful to both patients and their families. The first study used 1:1 interviews with 11 readers (6 patients and 5 family members) to identify features of the booklet that may be problematic. In all, six features were identified as either irrelevant or problematic in their design. The second study was a survey of 54 patients (79% response rate) and 33 family members (49% response rate); the study was designed to obtain an overall evaluation of the booklet, to clarify the proportion of readers for whom the features identified in the first study were problematic, to provide insight into how and why readers were reading the booklet, and to determine if patients and family differed on any of the outcomes. Results showed that 85% of readers liked the booklet; most (81.6%) read it from beginning to end. Most readers in both groups wanted the information to help them understand (85.2% patients; 87.9% family); more patients than family wanted it for treatment decision making (44.4% patients; 27.3% family) and for planning (35.2% patients; 9.1% family); more family (42.4%) than patients (20.4%) wanted the information to help them provide support. We conclude that even though patients and family differ in why they want information, the booklet appears to be considered useful by both groups.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Patient information leaflets for prostate cancer: which leaflets should healthcare professionals recommend?

This study evaluated 31 patient information leaflets (PILs) discussing treatment options for prostate cancer. In stage one, the authors evaluated the leaflets' quality, readability and suitability using objective measures: the DISCERN instrument; Flesch formula; and the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) instrument, respectively. Although the leaflets varied in terms of their scores on each measure, it was possible to identify the best five leaflets across the three conditions. In stage two, eight men with prostate cancer took part in a focus group discussion or individual interview to outline their views regarding a number of leaflets, including the best five booklets or leaflets identified in stage one of the study. The interviews were audiotaped and analysed using a template analysis. Patients were able to discriminate between the best five leaflets or booklets and identify their preferred booklets. These were the booklets: "Understanding cancer of the prostate" by CancerBACUP, "Prostate cancer: everything you need to know" by the Prostate Cancer Charity and "The treatment of prostate cancer. Questions and answers" by the Covent Garden Cancer Research Trust. On the basis of their high ratings for the objective measures and patients' views, healthcare professionals are advised to recommend these three booklets to men with prostate cancer who want written information about the disease. However, randomised controlled trials are needed to examine the impact of these booklets on the psychosocial outcomes of men with prostate cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Does reading about stroke increase stroke knowledge? The impact of different print materials.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether print materials on stroke resulted in increased knowledge in a sample of lay people. One hundred and seventy-seven participants received (at random) one of five versions of a stroke information packet, or a control packet on colorectal cancer. Participants rated the materials on readability, understandability and usefulness immediately after reading. After a delay of 18 days on average, participants answered questions assessing stroke knowledge. Ratings of all packets were generally positive; however, stroke knowledge scores were significantly higher for the stroke information groups compared to the control group only for knowledge of causal mechanisms (stroke pathophysiology). While there was some indication that the fictionalized material on stroke was more effective than the expository materials, overall the impact of print materials on stroke knowledge, measured after a delay of at least 1 week, was minimal at best. Further research is needed to determine whether fictional contexts make some information more memorable.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Preparing patients for gastrointestinal endoscopy: the influence of information in medical situations.

The effects of the provision of information were tested in a sample of patients who underwent a gastrointestinal endoscopy for the first time (N=260). On the basis of their Threatening Medical Situation Inventory (TMSI)-monitoring score these patients were divided in high monitors versus low monitors. On the basis of the existing literature each group received the type of information that was considered most beneficial with regard to their coping style, and each group was compared with a control group receiving standard care (the usual information plus coaching by a nurse). Dependent variables were anxiety at different points in time, heart rate and skin conductance, pain, experience of the procedure, course of the procedure, duration of gagging, and satisfaction with the information provided. Unexpectedly, it turned out that high monitors did not profit by extensive information when compared with high monitors receiving standard care. Also for low monitors their minimal informational intervention did not exceed the effects of standard care. In the discussion, four factors possibly responsible for these results were elaborated. It is concluded that reservedness is required in providing (too) extensive information to patients who ask for this. Furthermore, considering the rather unpredictable and uncontrollable course of a gastrointestinal endoscopy, coaching by a nurse remains a valuable type of support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Increasing knowledge about a screening test: preliminary evaluation of a structured, chart-based, screener presentation.

The provision and understanding of good quality information is one of the key characteristics of an informed choice. However, written materials alone often fail to achieve good understanding of screening tests. The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of a structured, chart-directed presentation, aimed at increasing knowledge of a screening test. Forty mothers of babies undergoing a newborn hearing test received either a standard, or a standard plus structured, presentation of the screening test. Standard presentation was a leaflet and short verbal explanation of the test. Structured presentation comprised an illustrated chart explaining the process and possible outcomes of screening, followed by screeners checking mothers understanding of key points and, if necessary, giving further explanation. After screening, maternal knowledge of the test was assessed using seven multiple choice items. Overall knowledge was high. For women with lower levels of education, the structured presentation resulted in significantly higher levels of knowledge than the standard presentation only.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Empowering communication: a community-based intervention for patients.

The "How to Talk to Your Doctor" community education forums operate under the assumption that information exchange and consumer involvement in healthcare can empower communities in need. We report on the development and preliminary evaluation of this community-based intervention designed to activate and enhance patients' communicative abilities in the medical encounter. We review evidence supporting the feasibility of and benefits that can be expected from improving patients' communication competency. Our intervention is simple and flexible so, therefore, can be portable to a large number of communities. Our preliminary evaluation suggests that the intervention is well-received and produces improved self-perceptions of communication competence across diverse settings and participants. We describe our intervention and its development and dissemination as a model for improving patients' communicative abilities through a community-based, active learner approach. By sharing our experiences, the barriers we encountered, and our ongoing efforts to improve patient communication in the medical encounter, we hope to empower patients to communicate better with their physicians.

Communication↗
PubMed2004

Making choices for childbirth: development and testing of a decision-aid for women who have experienced previous caesarean.

This paper presents the development and pilot testing of an evidence-based decision-aid for pregnant women who have experienced previous caesarean section and who are considering options for birth in a subsequent pregnancy. The Ottawa Decision Support Framework (DSF) has been utilised and modified in the development of a tailored booklet entitled "Birth Choices: What is best for you...vaginal or caesarean birth?" Development included a review by women who had experienced previous caesarean birth as well as obstetric, midwifery and educational experts. The booklet was also reviewed for acceptability by 21 pregnant women who were facing this birth decision. Pre- and post-booklet preferences for birth were elicited and compared to actual birth outcomes. This decision-aid shows promise in facilitating informed decision-making in pregnancy. It is currently undergoing an evaluation in a multi-centre randomised controlled trial.

Australia↗
PubMed2004

Over the counter medicines and the need for immediate action: a further evaluation of European Commission recommended wordings for communicating risk.

A study examined people's interpretation of European Commission (EC) recommended verbal descriptors for risk of medicine side effects, and actions to take if they do occur. Members of the general public were presented with a fictitious (but realistic) scenario about suffering from a stiff neck, visiting the local pharmacy and purchasing an over the counter (OTC) medicine (Ibruprofen). The medicine came with an information leaflet which included information about the medicine's side effects, their risk of occurrence, and recommended actions to take if adverse effects are experienced. Probability of occurrence was presented numerically (6%) or verbally, using the recommended EC descriptor (common). Results showed that, in line with findings of our earlier work with prescribed medicines, participants significantly overestimated side effect risk. Furthermore, the differences in interpretation were reflected in their judgements of satisfaction, side effect severity, risk to health, and intention to take the medicine. Finally, we observed no significant difference between people's interpretation of the recommended action descriptors ('immediately' and 'as soon as possible').

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The effect of preoperative education on anxiety of open cardiac surgery patients.

The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative teaching method on anxiety levels of the patients. This study consisted of 100 patients having open cardiac surgery. Of 100 patients 50 were placed in the intervention group while the remaining 50 were in the control group. The patients in the intervention group were given a planned teaching according to the patient education booklet. Patients in the control group were informed about pre- and postoperative routines by a nurse by the purpose of comparing anxiety levels of the patients in the intervention and control groups. The anxiety level of the patients in control and intervention groups was measured on the 3rd day after the operation by using the Self-Evaluation Questionnaire for State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. The mean postoperative state and trait anxiety score in the control group was slightly higher than the mean of the patients in the intervention group. There was no statistically significant difference in the state and trait anxiety scores between the groups, and the patients in the intervention group had lower scores than the patients in the control group. In addition, all patients in the intervention group stated that they were satisfied with the preoperative teaching given by the researcher.

Adaptation, Psychological↗