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PubMed1992

[Relations of model and drug-induced psychoses to schizophrenic diseases].

From the clinical point of view, substance-induced psychosis can be rather similar to schizophrenia. However, the question whether phenomenological resemblances represent similar underlying causal mechanisms is unsolved. Whereas the interest in experimentally induced psychosis was purely academic until the mid-1960s, the widespread use of "recreational" drugs provided this research with an important practical impact. With respect to a given case the differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and drug-induced psychosis it is often problematic. The differences in psychopathology refer to the disturbances of experience in general (Ichstörungen), the character of the hallucinations and the quality and quantity of the alterations of consciousness. Contrary to the sharp distinctions which used to be drawn between schizophrenia and drug-induced psychotic states, we hold that these states are rather similar, and may even represent a common underlying pathology. Hence, the renewed interest in the study on experimentally induced psychotic states using advanced methodology seems justified.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1988

[Significance of model psychoses].

Empirical findings and arguments in the hitherto controversial field of experimental psychosis are reviewed historically and systematically. Similarities and differences of experimental psychosis and schizophrenia are discussed on the background of disturbances of perception, consciousness and ego experience ("reflektierender Ich-Rest"). Better psychopathological, biochemical and neuropsychological assessment strategies could lead to a revival of experimental psychosis which some brief suggestions are made for.

Hallucinogens↗
PubMed1984

[Exogenous psychoses in Parkinson syndrome. Frequency and causal conditions].

Exogenous psychotic symptoms of a wide variety have been reported to appear more and more frequently since the introduction of levodopa in the therapy of Parkinson's disease. They were considered to be caused by treatment related imbalance of cerebral neurotransmitters and hypersensitivity of the dopaminergic receptors, respectively. In the present investigation an analysis was done concerning the relevance of different antiparkinsonian drugs and other factors such as severity of neurological and cerebroorganic symptomatology, age, duration of treatment, EEG and brain atrophic changes and additional physical diseases for the appearance of psychotic symptoms. The questions were posed to 152 patients (54 men, 88 women) aged 34-76 years, which received a treatment with levodopa alone, in combination with a decarboxylase inhibitor, amantadines and/or anticholinergics for a period of 1-9 years. An exogenous psychotic symptomatology was observed in 42 patients (27,6%), explicitly under all antiparkinsonistic drugs, but not when amantadines were given as the initial treatment. In patients receiving levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor psychotic symptoms could be observed most frequently but at the same time the duration of treatment was the longest. In 15 patients psychotic symptoms appeared under different antiparkinsonian drugs. In 28 patients this symptomatology was followed by a constant severe dementia. Predisposing factors for exogenous psychosis proved to be: a higher age at the beginning of the treatment and the initiation of treatment, a pronounced neurological symptomatology and signs of dementia as well as additional physical diseases. Because of the very complex conditions under which exogenous psychosis can be observed and the additional fact that they can appear under each antiparkinsonian substance, levodopa cannot be considered as the sole cause.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗