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PubMed1982

[The quantities of main urinary metabolite of PGF, plasma PGF and plasma PGE in pulmonary diseases].

Radioimmunoassays of urinary 5 alpha-7 alpha-dihydroxyketotetranorprosta-1,16-dioic acid and its delta-lactone(main urinary metabolite of PGF, PGF-MUM) were performed for the patients with several pulmonary diseases. The quantities of PGE and PGF in plasma for the patients with pulmonary emphysema especially were also measured by radioimmunoassay. Following results were obtained. 1) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM in normal subjects were 18.4 +/- 9.1 microgram/day (24.5 +/- 9.2 microgram/day in male, 12.2 +/- 2.6 microgram/day in female) on an average. The values of PGF-MUM in male were significantly higher than those in female (P less than 0.03). 2) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM for the patients with pulmonary emphysema were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those in the normal controls (P less than 0.01), and the values of PGF-MUM were correlated significantly (r=0.451, P less than 0.05) with arterial oxygen partial pressure. 3) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM in the patients with asthma bronchiale, chronic bronchitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer were not significantly different from those in the normal controls. But, higher values of PGF-MUM were contained in the pulmonary fibrosis group, and the values of PGF-MUM were correlated with the serum LDH levels (r= 0.652, P less than 0.01). 4) The plasma PGF quantities were 0.7 +/- 0.5 ng/ml and the plasma PGE quantities were 1.7 +/- 0.6 ng/ml in normal subjects on an average. 5) The plasma PGF and PGE quantities in the patients with pulmonary emphysema were not significantly different from those in the normal controls. 6) A significant inverse correlation was observed between the decrease changes of pulmonary arterial pressures and the changes of plasma PGE quantities after oxygen inhalation for the patients with pulmonary emphysema (r= -0.737, P 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Observations on plasma gastrin and plasma pepsinogen in relation to weaning and gastric (pars oesophagea) ulceration in pigs.

Plasma gastrin and pepsinogen were measured at weekly intervals in 38 pigs from weaning at about four weeks of age until slaughter at 24 weeks. Plasma gastrin was 104 +/- 6.2, 85 +/- 11.2, 126 +/- 11.67 mol per litre in the pigs aged four, five and six weeks and 43 +/- 2.57, 31 +/- 2.29, 17 +/- 0.87 mol per litre when they were 21, 22 and 23 weeks old. Sixteen of the pigs had apparently normal stomachs, the remainder had some degree of epithelial hyperplasia and, or, ulceration of the pars oesophagea of the stomach. No differences were detected between plasma gastrin and plasma pepsinogen in pigs with normal stomachs and those showing evidence of epithelial hyperplasia or ulceration of the pars oesophagea. If ulcers of this region arise from hypersecretion of gastric acid some factor(s) other than gastrin appear to be involved. The possibility is discussed that the progressive decline in plasma gastrin is part of the maturation process.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid-rich oils on the cardiovascular system of thermally injured rabbits: changes in plasma triglycerides, plasma cholesterol, relative blood viscosity, platelet count, and bleeding time.

New Zealand white male rabbits were studied to determine how supplements of soybean oil, soybean + MaxEPA oil, or MaxEPA oil affected their cardiovascular status when they were burned. Plasma triglyceride concentrations increased at 2 hours after burn injury (28 days after supplement administration) and declined by the end of the study in all three experimental groups of rabbits. These same animals showed no noticeable differences in the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol or in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions. Plasma low-density/very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained unchanged at 2 hours after burn injury/sham treatment but increased by the end of the study in all three experimental groups of rabbits. The mean platelet number was significantly higher in burned/sham treated rabbits given soybean oil supplement as compared with numbers in those given either soybean oil + MaxEPA oil or MaxEPA oil supplement. Plasma relative viscosity was highest in the soybean oil-supplemented rabbits, decreased in animals fed soybean oil + MaxEPA, and lowest in MaxEPA oil-supplemented rabbits. Mean bleeding time was lowest in soybean oil-fed rabbits. The bleeding time was higher in rabbits fed soybean oil+MaxEPA oil and highest in MaxEPA oil-supplemented animals. Platelet number and plasma viscosity were highest in the soybean oil-supplemented rabbits and lowest in the MaxEPA oil-supplemented group. The reverse pattern occurred when bleeding time was established. Overall results obtained suggest that supplementation with oils rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids may have significant effects on the cardiovascular health of burned male New Zealand white rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Concentrations of kininogen and prekallikrein in plasma and activity of plasma renin depending on the type of blood pressure response to captopril in patients with arterial hypertension].

The dynamics was analysed of changes of arterial blood pressure, plasma kininogen and prekallikrein concentrations and plasma renin activity (PRA) in 50 patients with arterial hypertension, in relation to the type of blood pressure response to captopril. It was shown that after three weeks of treatment with captopril 150 mg daily, in 23 patients (46%) normalization of systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred, and in 27 patients (54%), despite a significant reduction, blood pressure normalization was not achieved. In both groups of patients a significant decrease of plasma kininogen concentration and an increase of plasma prekallikrein level were found, indicating kininogenase activation and PRA increase. However, only in patients with arterial blood pressure normalization, a return of kininogen concentration to normal value was observed and a twofold increase of PRA in relation to the initial value was noted. Our studies indicate that in patients with arterial hypertension treated with captopril a correlation appears between the changes of plasma kinin system and PRA which determines the mode of blood pressure reaction to captopril.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies of maternal plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) and cord venous PRC and PRA in the primigravidae delivered under lumbar epidural analgesia.

In order to find out whether epidural analgesia, significantly altered the maternal and cord venous Plasma Renin Concentration (PRC) and Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) in the primiparae, a radioimmunoassay measurement of these renin components was carried out on 40 maternal plasma and 18 cord venous plasma samples. The subjects were 20 primiparae who had uneventful antenatal course, 10 of whom were delivered under epidural analgesia, while others (control group) (n = 10) had routine narcotic analgesia in labour. Maternal venous blood samples were taken in the lateral recumbent position at induction of labour, and immediately after delivery, while the cord venous blood samples were obtained just before or immediately after expulsion of the placenta. The mean +/- SEN of maternal pre-induction PRC and PRA, in the control group were 5.56 +/- 0.32 and 3.81 +/- 0.17 nmgl-1hr-1; while the corresponding immediate post delivery values were 5.05 +/- 0.35 and 2.33 +/- 0.06 respectively. In the epidural analgesia group, the mean maternal pre-induction and immediate post-delivery PRC and PRA values were 5.68 +/- 0.22; 3.49 +/- 0.2; and 5.05 +/- 0.35 and 2.36 +/- 0.06 ngml-1hr-1 respectively. The mean cord venous plasma PRC and PRA in the control group were 3.22 +/- 0.17 and 1.18 +/- 0.03 respectively while the corresponding PRC and PRA values for the epidural analgesia group were 2.93 +/- 0.20, and 1.24 +/- 0.04 ngml-1hr-1 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Log-normal distributed plasma cortisol levels of four daily measurements in normal subjects. A comparison of the fluorescence method after de Moor with a radioimmuno assay of plasma cortisol (author's transl)].

The present paper describes the plasma cortisol concentrations on four daily measurements in normal subjects assayed with the fluorescence method after de Moor and with a radioimmuno assay. A comparison of these two methods shows that the determinations of plasma cortisol with the fluorescence method always yielded higher values. Both methods are sensitive enough to detect the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion. For the purpose of routine diagnostics it is sufficient to measure the maximal and minimal concentrations of plasma cortisol in blood samples taken at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., respectively. The plasma cortisol measurements should only be attempted after allowing a few days of adaption to the hospital situation. Table 2 shows that the normal plasma cortisol levels are represented only by log-normal distributed values. These concentrations are lower than the linear distributed levels reported so far.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Clinical significance of plasma chlorpromazine levels. II. Plasma levels of the drug, some of its metabolites and prolactin in patients receiving long-term phenothiazine treatment.

Plasma levels of chlorpromazine (CPZ), 3 of its metabolites and prolactin were measured repeatedly in 18 chronic schizophrenic patients. The patients were studied while on chronic phenothiazine medication (chlorpromazine in 8, other phenothiazines in 10), during 4-6 weeks on placebo and during 6-12 weeks of CPZ treatment. The findings were compared with those obtained during acute CPZ treatment in patients who had received similar CPZ doses but no previous long-term phenothiazine medication. Plasma CPZ levels were similar in the chronic and the acute groups and so was their relation to dose. In neither group was therapeutic effect related to plasma CPZ level. In these chronic patients, in contrast to findings during acute CPZ treatment, neither prolactin level nor the appearance of parkinsonian symptoms was related to plasma drug level. In the chronic group both these effects were less pronounced during the period on CPZ which followed the placebo than were the corresponding effects during CPZ treatment in the acute group. Since plasma CPZ levels of the two groups were similar, these differences may be due to an acquired tolerance of the nervous system to some of the antidopaminergic effects of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with plasma exchange, antiplatelet agents, corticosteroid, and plasma infusion: Mayo Clinic experience.

Ten patients with thrombocytopenia (TTP) were treated recently in our institution with plasma exchange (PE), steroids, and antiplatelet drugs. Additionally, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was administered to nine patients, with folic acid given to eight patients. After 13 to 25 months of follow-up, we found that four patients achieved and remained in remission after initial treatment. Three patients had four relapses, which developed while they were taking antiplatelet therapy, and which were treated successfully with FFP alone, or with PE in addition to FFP. Four patients suffered major neurological or renal damage during their presentation or initial treatment. One of these patients died during his initial hospitalization. Another patient died 7 months after initial treatment. After analyzing this experience, we have concluded that antiplatelet drugs or corticosteroid should be used as the sole initial treatment most cautiously. The relative importance of the exchange process, per se, versus plasma infusion cannot be inferred from our observations, but plasma exchange with FFP appears to have had a real impact on recovery.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1998

The absence of CD56 (NCAM) on malignant plasma cells is a hallmark of plasma cell leukemia and of a special subset of multiple myeloma.

In this study, we show that malignant plasma cells from patients with either primary (n=12) or secondary (n=15) plasma cell leukemia (PCL) do not express CD56 at all, neither in the bone marrow nor the peripheral blood in 81% of cases. On the other hand, multiple myeloma (MM) at diagnosis overexpress it in 63 of 94 (67%) cases (P=0.0001). In three secondary PCL evaluated serially, CD56 was also lacking at diagnosis showing that CD56 is not downregulated at the end stage of the disease but rather not upregulated in this subset of patients. This last concept is strengthened by the observation that 29% of MM patients lacking CD56 or weakly expressing it at diagnosis present a detectable leukemic phase vs 11% only in CD561 MM (P=0.06). Forty percent of all the CD56(-/weak) malignant plasma cell disorders present or develop a leukemic phase vs only 15% of CD56+ cases (P < 0.008). CD56(-/weak) MM subset is also associated with a significantly less aggressive osteolytic potential (P=0.012). We conclude that the lack or weak expression of CD56 is a characteristic feature of PCL but also delineates a special subset of MM at diagnosis mainly characterized by a lower osteolytic potential and a trend for malignant plasma cells to circulate in the peripheral blood more overtly.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1992

[IgG-lambda-type multiple myeloma with plasma-cell pericardial effusion and terminal plasma-cell leukemia].

Monoclonal gammopathy of type IgG-lambda (IgG concentration 27.8 g/l) was discovered by chance in a 66-year-old woman with aortic and mitral valve disease. The patient declined any further diagnostic procedures. Three months later she experienced severe pain in the lumbar spine and developed decompensated cardiac failure with pulmonary and ankle edema. The IgG concentration had risen to 50.5 g/l. Echocardiography showed a large pericardial effusion and 600 ml of bloodstained fluid containing numerous plasma cells was aspirated (total protein 81.8 g/l, gamma-globulin 38.9%). Iliac crest biopsy showed diffuse infiltration with polymorphic plasma cells, but the differential count in peripheral blood was unremarkable. Multiple myeloma of Stage IIa was diagnosed and she was given cytostatic therapy with 17.5 mg melphalan and 112 mg methylprednisolone daily by mouth (for 4 days at intervals of 6 weeks). Though at first the IgG concentration fell, it later rose again. The beta 2-microglobulin level was raised at 30 mg/l. After three cycles of chemotherapy the patient complained of severe pain in the hips and thighs. The blood film now showed numerous, predominantly immature plasma cells. A few days later, having been ill for four months in all, she died, showing all the signs and symptoms of plasma cell leukaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura unresponsive to plasma infusion and plasma exchange, but responsive to splenectomy.

A 60-yr-old female presented with typical thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). She remained in coma with frequent seizures for 1 wk, with persisting severe thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, despite treatment with prednisolone, plasma exchange, fresh frozen plasma, sulphinpyrazone and dipyridamole. Splenectomy induced haematological improvement within 1 d, there was cessation of fitting after 2 d, and full neurological recovery ensued over 3 wk. Laboratory studies did not reveal the presence of a platelet-aggregating factor (PAF), stated to be present in some two-thirds of cases. While plasma exchange and plasma infusion are beneficial in many cases, splenectomy appears still to be of value in unresponsive disease.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1990

Virus safe plasma exchange medium containing essential human plasma proteins.

CFFP (Coagulation Factor Free Plasma from Biotest) is manufactured under standardized conditions from pooled human plasma of more than 1000 donors per lot. It is sterilized by beta-PL/UV and has not the risks of FFP to transmit viral diseases. CFFP offers desirable advantages as a plasma exchange solution over albumin and FFP as it avoids serious depletions or deviation of normal plasma constituents.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1984

The efficacy of plasma exchange in the removal of plasma components.

The efficacy of plasma exchange in the removal of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), complement components (C1q, C4, C3), alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and transferrin was studied by analysis of pre- and postexchange serum samples and the plasma removed both in a healthy volunteer and in five patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange. In the healthy volunteer, the measured reduction in serum concentration and the measured amount removed for each component was compared with values predicted by a physical model. For all components except IgM, the sum of the measured amount removed during the procedure and the calculated amount present in the circulation progressively exceeded the calculated intravascular amount present before plasma exchange. This was particularly the case for C4, C3, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin and may be explained by influx from the extra- to the intravascular compartment during the procedure. Influx also occurred in the patients. We conclude that, except for IgM, the actual amount of a component that has been removed should be assessed for proper evaluation of the efficacy of PE.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed2002

Seminal plasma proteins reduce protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the plasma membrane of cold-shocked ram spermatozoa.

Capacitation of spermatozoa, a complex process occurring after sperm ejaculation, is required to produce fertilization of the oocyte in vivo and in vitro. Although this process results from a poorly understood series of morphological and molecular events, protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been associated with sperm capacitation in several mammalian species, but it still remains to be demonstrated in ram spermatozoa. Studies of capacitation in ram spermatozoa are of great interest, since several reports have suggested that the reduced fertility of cryopreserved spermatozoa is due to their premature capacitation. In this work, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that tyrosine phosphorylation of ram sperm membrane proteins is related to the capacitation state of these cells. Capacitation induced tyrosine phosphorylation of some plasma membrane proteins of ram spermatozoa freed from seminal plasma by a dextran/swim-up procedure. It has also been proved that cold-shock induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation as well as a decrease in plasma membrane integrity. Addition of seminal plasma proteins prior to cold-shock not only improved sperm survival but also promoted a decrease in protein tyrosine phosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Does indocyanine green accurately measure plasma volume independently of its disappearance rate from plasma in critically ill patients?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether plasma volume determined by the indocyanine green (ICG) dilution method (PV-ICG) is equally accurate independently of its disappearance rate from plasma in the critically ill. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical investigation. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 192 adult patients were initially enrolled. The PV-ICG and the initial distribution volume of glucose (IDVG) were calculated utilizing a one-compartment model by simultaneous administration of ICG 25 mg and glucose 5 g on the first day of measurement in each patient. Twenty-one patients were excluded from the study because of a higher PV-ICG/IDVG ratio (> 0.45) indicating apparent overestimation of the PV-ICG associated with the generalized protein capillary leakage. The remaining 171 patients were divided into four groups according to the magnitude of their disappearance rate of ICG from plasma (Ke-ICG). RESULTS: Convergence was assumed consistently in each ICG or glucose decay curve, even in the lower Ke-ICG less than 0.10/min. The relationship between the two volumes was not statistically different among groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the measurement of the PV-ICG can be equally accurate independently of its disappearance rate from plasma unless there is generalized protein capillary leakage.

APACHE↗
PubMed1996

Direct injection of large volumes of plasma in a column-switching system for the analysis of local anaesthetics. II. Determination of bupivacaine in human plasma with an alkyldiol silica precolumn.

A column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic system was applied for the determination of bupivacaine in plasma. A 500-microliter plasma sample was directly introduced onto a C18-alkyl-diol silica (ADS) precolumn separating analytes from proteins and polar endogenous compounds. The fraction containing bupivacaine and ropivacaine (internal standard) was back-flushed and transferred to a conventional reversed-phase column (Kromasil C18) for final separation. A single ADS precolumn could withstand more than 50 ml of plasma injections without changing analytical performance. Quantitative studies showed a broad range of linearity (0.033-3.31 micrograms/ml) and high recovery (95-99.9%) with coefficients of variation less than 3.1%. The advantages of the ADS material are its high capability of sample clean-up, due to rapid elution of plasma proteins and endogenous compounds to waste, and its ability to elicit a stable baseline. As a result, UV detection could be performed at 210 nm and clean chromatograms with baseline separation for desired peaks were obtained within 15 min. The detection limit of this system was 10 ng/ml defined by a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1. The concentration of bupivacaine in patients determined by this method agreed well with the values obtained from an alternative method, making the technique applicable for pharmacokinetic studies in humans.

Amides↗
PubMed2000

Effects of both the emotional behavior and feeding conditions on the circulating plasma volume and plasma glucose levels in cats.

Influence of hypothalamically induced emotional behavior on the circulating plasma volume, plasma levels of glucose, epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and cortisol were examined in awake cats under both fasted and fed conditions. Restlessness was evoked intermittently for 6 h by electrical stimulation of the anteromedial hypothalamus (AMH). Blood was sampled immediately before, 1 h after and 6 h after the start of stimulation. Changes in the plasma volume was calculated by changes of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht). As the control group, another 7 cats with electrodes implanted but unstimulated were identically treated under both fasted and fed conditions. Both E and glucose levels in restlessness group once markedly increased after 1 h and then tended to decrease after 6 h, whereas NE levels in restlessness group increased after 1 h and further increased after 6 h, whether cats were fasted or fed. DA levels increased under the fasted condition of restlessness. The cortisol level markedly increased in both fasted and fed restlessness groups. The plasma volume in control group increased under the fed condition, while in restlessness group it decreased remarkably and tended to decrease more in a fasted state than in a fed state. These results indicated that AMH induced restlessness elicited marked sympatho-adrenal activation, hyperglycemia and hemoconcentration, whether cats were fasted or fed. Relationship among such responses, and the difference in responses between fasted and fed conditions were also discussed in the paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Characterization of the properties of cocaine in blood: blood clearance, blood to plasma ratio, and plasma protein binding.

As part of a study to examine cocaine disposition and interaction with ethanol, it was necessary to characterize various properties of cocaine in the blood of the experimental animal. All studies were conducted using blood from healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cocaine was incubated in whole blood at 37 degrees C at concentrations of 500-4000 ng/mL. The apparent first-order rate constant for cocaine loss was independent of concentration. Blood clearance, calculated assuming blood volume to be 64 mL/kg, was estimated to be 0.056 +/- 0.003 mL/(min.kg); a value considerably smaller than estimates of systemic clearance. The addition of NaF increased the rate of loss to form benzoylecgonine, as a result of increased chemical degradation and as a consequence of increased pH (to pH 8.0 over 30 h). This NaF-enhanced degradation was abolished when NaF was added to blood buffered to pH 7.4. Ethanol had no influence on cocaine degradation, and there was no evidence of cocaethylene (ethylcocaine) formation. Blood to plasma ratios determined in spiked and authentic samples were constant (0.94-1.05 and 0.99-1.03, respectively) and independent of concentration (100-1500 ng/mL) and pH (7.2-7.6). This ratio was not influenced by NaF or ethanol. The unbound fraction (fu) of cocaine determined in spiked plasma varied from 0.62 to 0.63 over the concentration range (75-2025 ng/mL). Ethanol had no effect on binding. The values for fu determined from authentic blood samples taken from rats dosed intravenously with cocaine (10 mg/kg) ranged from 0.67 to 0.69 (over the concentration range 300-1500 ng/mL). Cocaine plasma protein binding was independent of concentration but depended upon plasma pH (fu, 0.765 and 0.486, at pHs 7.0 and 7.8, respectively.

Animals↗