Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PECTORALIS MUSCLES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Selection for rapid growth increases the number and the size of muscle fibres without changing their typing in chickens.

Quantitative (muscle fibre number and cross-sectional areas) and qualitative (myosin isoforms and metabolic enzyme activities) characteristics of two muscles, M. pectoralis major and M. anterior latissimus dorsi, were compared among male chickens of two lines during growth from hatching to adulthood. The lines were derived from a divergent selection based on growth rate. The two muscles were chosen on the basis of their histochemical profile. Pectoralis major muscle contains only fast contracting muscle fibres whereas anterior latissimus dorsi muscle is almost entirely made up with slow contracting fibres. At both ages, the two lines showed similar fibre type distributions. At hatching, fibre cross-sectional areas were equivalent in the two lines, but after the first week, animals from the fast growing line exhibited wider fibre areas, whatever the muscle, than animals from the slow growing line. The total number of fibres in a muscle was found greater in the fast growing line, irrespective of whether it was exactly determined (anterior latissimus dorsi muscle, + 20%) or only estimated (pectoralis major muscle). This number remains constant in the two lines throughout the growth. Myosin isoform profiles and metabolic enzyme activities were similar in the two lines, at both ages, and were in good agreement with the histochemical muscle fibre profiles.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Muscle-saving lateral axillary thoracotomy.

Seventy-five consecutive thoracotomies through a lateral axillary thoracotomy incision are reviewed. The limited approach is a muscle-splitting incision with preservation of the Latissimus Dorsi and Pectoralis Major muscles and splitting of the Serratus Anterior muscle. Detailed description of the operative technique is given, and a review of morbidity and mortality is included. We conclude that the lateral axillary incision is a good alternative to the standard postero-lateral approach, as it provides excellent visibility and allows for all pulmonary surgical procedures, with minimal postoperative discomfort.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Constancy and characteristics of the anterior cutaneous branch of the first intercostal nerve: correcting the descriptions in human anatomy texts.

Human anatomy texts state that the anterior cutaneous branch of the first intercostal nerve (Rca-Th1) does not exist or that, even if it does, it is poorly developed. However, an anterior cutaneous branch in the first intercostal space (Rca-1) was observed in 74.8% of cases examined (104/139 sides) and was not poorly developed at all. Some of the observed Rca-I were even larger than the anterior cutaneous branches in the second intercostal space (Rca-ll). The segment of origin of the Rca-I was analyzed in 37 sides and 66.2% (49/74 branches) were confirmed to be from Th1. As a result, in contrast with traditional beliefs, it was shown that Rca-Th1 exists. The Rca-I was classified into two types according to the course and distribution: (i) an anterior cutaneous branch that appeared at the anterior end of the first intercostal space (ICS), ran through the pectoralis major muscle and extended in the first ICS (Rca-1); and (ii) another branch that appeared at the same place but ran downward along the anterior surface of the second costal cartilage, deep to the pectoralis major muscle, to reach the inferior edge of the second costal cartilage or the second ICS, passed through the pectoralis major muscle and extended to the second rib or the second ICS (pseudo Rca-2). It was found that 77.8% (35/45 branches) of Rca-1 and 48.3% (14/29 branches) of pseudo Rca-2 were derived from Th1. Accordingly, the author suggests that the description in human anatomy texts should be revised to read, '... the Rca-Th1 exists quite constantly and some of appear at a position resembling Rca-Th2'.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Anti-actomyosin. Influence on adhesive behaviour of eukaryotic cells and of Cuvierian tubules.

The effect of antisera against chicken gizzard smooth-muscle actomyosin and against pectoralis striated-muscle actomyosin on adhesive behaviour of eukaryotic cells (from sea urchin embryos and from a silicious sponge) and of Cuvierian tubules has been studied. The results with sea urchin cells, which require divalent cations for aggregation, showed that antiserum to chicken gizzard smooth-muscle actomyosin inhibited reaggreagation of trypsin-treated cells better than mechanically dissociated cells, while anti-chicken pectoralis striated-muscle had no effect. Primary reaggreagation of trypsin-dissociated sponge cells, in the presence of calcium and magnesium, is also inhibitable by anti-gizzard smooth-muscle but not by anti-pectoralis straited muscle. Anti-gizzard smooth-muscle had no effect on secondary reaggregation of sponge cells mediated by a soluble aggregation factor. Anti-gizzard smooth-muscle inhibited Cuvierian tubule adhesion.

Actomyosin↗
PubMed1979

Modification of muscle-preserving radical mastectomy.

A technical improvement of the muscle-preserving radical mastectomy for breast cancer is presented. In this procedure, the Sulcus interpectoralis, located between clavicular and sternocostal parts of the pectoralis major muscle, is split bluntly and spread apart. Then, the pectoralis minor muscle is severed near its attachment to the coracoid process and an axillary dissection is thereby easily and thoroughly accomplished. The effectiveness of lymph node dissection by this method was ascertained when the number of the lymph nodes removed by this procedure was compared with that removed by the conventional muscle preserving mastectomy (Madden's operation) and the radical mastectomy. Ninety-three patients treated by this operation have shown a satisfactory cosmetic appearance and a good prognosis when compared with patients treated by the standard radical mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The bilobed deltopectoral advancement flap.

The bilobed deltopectoral advancement flap is a versatile reconstructive option for selected cervical defects. This modified version of Bakamjian's classic deltopectoral flap utilizes thin anterolateral neck skin to cover complex anterior neck defects. It offers the safety of a minimally rotated pedicle to reduce the chance of flap necrosis from kinking, and the convenience of a single-stage procedure. We have used this flap six times in our clinical experience. Typically, the defects were located in the anterior cervical region, and many of them were reconstructed following total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection. There was no incidence of flap necrosis in the patients, including those who had had preoperative irradiation.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Left musculus sternalis.

During routine dissection in the Morphological Sciences Department II of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, the presence of a sternalis muscle was observed in the left hemithorax of a 70-year-old male cadaver. We report on its position, relationships, and innervation, as well as its clinical relevance, indicating some guidelines for its physical examination. We also present a brief overview of the existing literature regarding the nomenclature, historical reports, and incidence of this muscle.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Loads on the lumbar trunk during level walking.

The goal of this study was to estimate the loads internal to the lumbar trunk that arise during level walking. To do this, (a) trunk muscle activities were calibrated in terms of muscle contraction force levels in a set of isometric exertions; (b) trunk muscle myoelectric activities were measured during level walking; and then (c) the muscle contraction forces that arose during walking were calculated from these measurements and calibrations. Lumbar trunk muscle myoelectric activities were quantified in 10 healthy young males. Myoelectric activities were monitored using eight bipolar surface electrode pairs placed around the trunk at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae. The subjects first performed four static weight-resisting tasks to calibrate muscle force/activity relationships. They then traversed a 8.25 m walkway three times each at cadences of 72 and 120 steps/min. A biomechanical model incorporating 22 lumbar trunk muscles was used to predict muscle contraction forces for the calibration tasks. Predicted forces were linearly correlated with the measured myoelectric activities for these tasks. The regression equations were then interpolated to estimate the muscle contraction forces from the myoelectric data during gait. Peak contraction forces for the iliocostalis muscles were calculated to be approximately 55 N per side, corresponding to total erector spinae peak contractions on the order of 140 N per side. For the other six muscles that were monitored, contraction forces were less than 15 N per side. This suggests that peak net reaction moments and peak spine compressions on the lumbar trunk during these walking tasks were on the order of 15 Nm and 1.2 times body weight, respectively.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1979

Stereological analyses of the structure of mitochondria in pigeon skeletal muscle.

The mitochondria in type-I and -II muscle fibres in the pectoralis major muscle of the pigeon (Columba livia) have been analysed using stereological techniques not previously applied in muscle biology. Mitochondrial volume fractions (VV) were estimated in different regions of each type of muscle fibre using randomly orientated sampling sectors within fibre profiles. These sectors were sub-divided into smaller sampling regions to provide accurate data on the intracellular distribution of mitochondria. Estimates of the external surface densities of mitochondria per unit volume of fibre, SV total surface, and also the densities of mitochondrial cristae, SV total cristae, were obtained using a specific technique derived for analysing anisotropic structures (Saltykov, 1958). The relative amounts of the random and orientated mitochondrial membranes were also estimated. Significant differences were found to exist between the different types of muscle fibres and considerable though constant variations in the intracellular arrangement of mitochondria were also found.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evolution of a metal-binding cluster in the NH(2)-terminal variable region of avian fast skeletal muscle troponin T: functional divergence on the basis of tolerance to structural drifting.

This study investigated the evolution of a transition metal ion-binding cluster ([H--X--X--X--H](n); Tx) in the alternatively spliced NH(2)-terminal variable region of avian pectoral muscle troponin T (TnT). Encoded by avian fast skeletal muscle TnT-specific P exons, Tx-like structures were expressed in the breast muscle TnT's of almost all birds examined. Their presence results in the developmentally up-regulated high molecular weight pectoral muscle TnT. Sequence analysis and metal affinity chromatography revealed that in Galliformes and Craciformes, the Tx structure evolved into multiple H--X--X--X--H pairs with a high-affinity metal-binding capacity. Turkey, chicken, quail, and curassow breast muscle TnT's contain nine, seven, four, and three consecutive or closely located metal-binding sites, respectively, in the NH(2)-terminal region. The metal-binding affinity of the Tx element increased as the number of His pairs increased due to the duplication of P exons and the conversion of other exon sequences. The data show two related components of avian pectoral muscle TnT evolution: a larger, more acidic NH(2)-terminal segment and a cluster of transition metal-binding sites, both of which may have functional significance for their selection value. The evolution of the Tx segment in the NH(2)-terminal variable region of avian pectoral muscle TnT demonstrates a functional divergence on the basis of tolerance to structural drifting.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of two gangliosides of the paragloboside series from chicken skeletal muscle.

Two glucosamine-containing gangliosides, a ceramide pentasaccharide and ceramide heptasaccharide, have been purified from the gangliosides of chicken skeletal muscle. The lipids were extracted with a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and aqueous KCl and purified by anion-exchange and silicic acid column chromatography. Their structures were determined by specific enzymatic hydrolysis and methylation analysis. The proposed structures are sialosyl derivates of: (a) paragloboside, and (b) paragloboside with an additional lactosamine disaccharide: (a) NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcCer, (b) NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcCer. The long base was predominantly sphingosine and the acyl groups were mainly palmitate, stearate and oleate.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Quasi-static analysis of muscle forces in the shoulder mechanism during wheelchair propulsion.

During wheelchair propulsion the largest net joint moments and net joint powers are generated around the shoulder. The analysis of the contribution of arm- and shoulder muscles to the joint moments could explain the low efficiency of wheelchair propulsion. Basically, it is assumed that a large magnitude of muscle activity will be needed to stabilize the shoulder. In addition, the muscular requirements for the minimization of negative power are assumed to be of importance. For such an analysis an inverse dynamic model is required. To utilize an inverse dynamic model of the shoulder mechanism, the trajectories of the upper extremity bones are needed. Since at this stage, dynamic non-invasive measurement techniques of scapular motion are not available, the aim of this study was to record the three-dimensional position of the scapula in static situations with the help of a palpation technique. Positions of the trunk, shoulder girdle and upper extremity, and the surface EMG of ten muscles were recorded simultaneously with forces on the rim on a stationary wheelchair ergometer. Four healthy male subjects participated in the experiment. Five hand positions on the rim and five different load levels per hand position were measured for each subject. A previously developed musculoskeletal model of the shoulder mechanism (Van der Helm, 1994a, J. Biomechanics 27(5) 551-569) was used to calculate muscle forces in an inverse static simulation. The measured EMG and the calculated muscle forces compared well except for three muscles. The moment balance between external sources and muscles around each joint axis of the shoulder mechanism is discussed. Results of the experiment indicate that large muscle contributions are needed for joint stabilization. The experimental results on the scapular motions will, in combination with experimental data collected under dynamic conditions, be used for application of the model to dynamic situations. It is concluded that the musculoskeletal model of the shoulder mechanism can be very useful in studies to determine the contribution of muscles and the mechanical load on morphological structures.

Adult↗