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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Aspects of molecular pathogenesis of cervical cancer in establishing new tumor markers for early detection and diagnosis].

The mortality rates of cervical cancer could be drastically reduced by the implementation of population wide cytological screening test for women (Pap-Test). However, these screening tests are hampered by high rates of false positive and false negative results, pointing to the urgent demand for improved screening technologies. High risk human papillomaviruses were identified as the causal agents of cervical cancer. The detection of the viral infection allows to identify patients at risk, however, about 5-30% of the normal female population harbours these viruses and only very few of these develop clinically relevant lesions. The activity of two viral oncogenes E6 and E7 initiates in a long term process neoplastic transformation in few of the HPV harbouring cells. As consequence of the expression of E7 a cellular marker protein (p16) is increasingly expressed in dysplastic cells. Monoclonal antibodies directed against p16 allow therefore to specifically identify dysplastic cells and derived invasive cancers in histological slides but also cytological smears (CINtec Assay). In advanced preneoplastic lesions HPV genomes are often integrated into cellular chromosomes. This leads to enhanced expression of the viral oncogenes. The detection of specific viral mRNA transcripts derived from integrated HPV genomes allows to identify preneoplastic lesions with a particularly high risk for progression to invasive cancers (APOT-assay). These findings will allow to establish highly sensitive, but specific and cost efficient new cancer early detection assays.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2001

Information that orthopedists still need to know and what is missing from the MR images of the wrist.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a very established role in imaging many pathologic conditions in the wrist. MRI provides useful clinical information regarding neoplastic processes. It also provides valuable information in the evaluation of tendons and synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. However, it has been and is less useful when early ligamentous injuries, including grade I and grade II scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligament lesions, are suspected. Also, information regarding cartilage injuries and degeneration, especially in wrist instabilities, would be more than desirable for treating orthopedists and hand surgeons. However, at the current stage, this information is missing, and only the more advanced changes are seen in MRI. This article describes and explains clinical entities in which that information would help patient care and management.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed2003

Benign hepatic tumours.

Benign hepatic tumours include a broad spectrum of regenerative and true neoplastic processes. Due to advances in imaging procedures like MRI, Cf-scan and ultrasound as well as progress in immunohistochemistry, the appropriate diagnosis is made ina high percentage of patients without laparotomy and resection. Most important in clinical practice is the differential diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma because of the risk of rupture and bleeding in the latter. Cavernous haemangioma, the most common benign hepatic tumour, rarely needs treatment. The diagnosis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia is often missed and patients present with secondary complications and signs of portal hypertension that necessitate treatment. The main problem in angiomyolipoma is to distinguish it from malignant processes which do require treatment. Because of its clinical presentation, inflammatory pseudotumour is also sometimes confused with a malignant tumour. Therapeutic options are drug therapy or surgical resection. Benign haemangioendothelioma of the infant is rare but may cause life-threatening complications. Bile duct adenoma is an incidental finding that is not known to cause any symptoms whereas biliary cystadenoma is often symptomatic and may progress to cystadenocarcinoma and therefore needs resection.

Adenoma, Liver Cell↗
PubMed1987

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). II. Clinical aspects with special reference to neuropsychiatric manifestations].

Opportunistic infections and neoplasias, which led to the identification and characterisation of AIDS, are the most common manifestations of this disease. The present review gives a comprehensive presentation of the current knowledge on the opportunistic infectious agents concerned and on the resulting clinical pictures with special emphasis on neuropsychiatric symptomatology. Prior to the development of the full syndrome of AIDS, a number of intermediate steps can be observed, the most important of which is persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (PGL). For all stages of the disease, problems of clinical course, risk of transmission, and prognosis are discussed in detail. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of AIDS can occur as sequelae of opportunistic infections, AIDS-associated neoplastic processes or of the retrovirus infection itself. In a number of cases neuropsychiatric manifestations are the presenting symptoms of the disease. Since neuropsychiatric symptoms such as organic brain syndrome or dementia represent crucial determinants of prognosis, they have to be considered in the planning of long-term care for the AIDS patient. Due to certain epidemiological features such as an exponential increase of its incidence during the last few years and the preferential occurrence in homosexuals and drug addicts, AIDS has brought about a number of important psychosocial effects. Since an efficient chemotherapy is not yet available and long-term prognosis is poor, AIDS patients often become isolated, and even medical professionals avoid to have contact with them. To reduce an exaggerated fear of being infected by the AIDS virus and to gain the competence for realistic assessment of the remaining risks, it is necessary to acquire a profound knowledge of the disease.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasonography of cervical cysts and their differential diagnosis].

Among 22 proven branchiogenic or thyreoglossal cysts, 15 presented with a characteristic pattern of homogeneous smooth reflections within a well-demarcated thin and elastic, deformable wall when using a high-resolution transducer. The other cases, showing an inhomogeneous texture and/or irregular walls, cannot be distinguished from inflammatory or neoplastic processes with central necrosis. Complete surgical removal is recommended especially in these latter cases. One case of malignant transformation was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Classification of AML by morphologic, immunologic and cytogenetic criteria. Review with reference to subtypes in the AML-BFM-87 study].

The current FAB classification of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by morphologic, immunologic and cytogenetic features is described and the incidence of subtypes and variant forms of AML in study AML-BFM-87 is given. In general, lymphoblastic or myeloid blast populations can be identified by morphologic, cytochemical and immunologic parameters, while immunophenotyping facilitates diagnosis in biphenotypic leukemia. Furthermore, the AML subtypes M0 and M7 (defined in 1985 and 1991) can only be ascertained by the presence of lineage-associated markers. Whereas chromosome aberrations provide an insight into the neoplastic process and assure diagnosis. Thus, next to morphologic findings, immunologic and cytogenetic studies are essential for a definite diagnosis of AML.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Differential diagnosis of rapidly growing tumors--granuloma teleangiectaticum sive pyogenicum].

A clinicopathologic study of a granuloma telangiectaticum is reported in 37 year-old-woman. The tumor has a reddish to white colorit. Its rapid growth, within 2 weeks and appearance as well as clinical examination suggested a neoplastic process (squamous cell carcinoma). The patient had no trauma or surgery. The histopathological examination revealed a granuloma telangiectaticum. Local excision was curative.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[NMR tomography of the shoulder joint: clinical experiences with the saturation pulse technic].

High zoom factors for MRT of the shoulder joint can lead to disturbing artifacts. The use of special saturation coils can improve longitudinal magnetisation of the central image, making it possible to produce artifact-free images of the shoulder with high resolution. Two normals and 20 patients with the rotator cuff syndrome, as well as other inflammatory and neoplastic processes, have been examined. The findings have been correlated with those of arthrography, arthro-sonography, bone scintigraphy, CT and simple radiographic examination. The MRT findings were compared with the other imaging techniques and the results are discussed. MRT proved superior to other techniques, particularly in the elucidation of soft tissue abnormalities in the rotator cuff syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[The MRT demonstration of bone marrow changes in intervertebral disk degeneration].

Amongst 214 patients with degenerative disc disease, MRT showed focal fat deposition in the vertebral marrow close to the end plate in 87 (41%). The appearances and distribution of these zones is described. Recognition of these common changes is important in differential diagnosis between inflammatory and neoplastic processes.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1980

[Computer tomography for spinal tumours (author's transl)].

Computer tomography was carried out in 32 patients with 34 spinal tumours, sometimes after intravenous or intra-thecal contrast administration. Using commercial CT scanners, non-invasive methods at present are only able to show tumours with either very low or very high density situated in the vertebral canal, or particularly vascular tumours. The best results are obtained in the cervical region. Non-invasive CT diagnosis can also demonstrate paravertebral tumours, particularly in the chest. This is also true for neoplastic processes arising from the axial skeleton. Invasive procedures such as primary and secondary CT myelography can demonstrate quite small intraspinal space-occupying lesions. Primary CT myelography can be used as an alternative to conventional meylography in suitable cases, secondary CT myelography can provide important additional information.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1996

Extradural total petrous apex resection with trigeminal translocation for improved exposure of the posterior cavernous sinus and petroclival region.

We have analyzed a strategy for improved exposure of the posterior cavernous sinus and petroclival region through an extradural subtemporal approach to be utilized in the removal of neoplastic processes with involvement of the apical petrous bone and posterior cavernous sinus. This surgical approach includes the following elements for improved exposure of the posterior cavernous sinus through the middle fossa corridor: (1) maximal extradural exposure and mobilization of the trigeminal nerve complex, allowing its elevation and anterior displacement, (2) complete extradural removal of the anterior petrous pyramid from the porus acousticus to the petrous apex under direct vision, (3) total exposure of the abducens nerve from the posterior fossa to its point of cross over the intracavernous carotid artery, and (4) wide extradural exposure of the cavernous carotid artery in the foramen lacerum region. This strategy can be combined with other related approaches; specifically, frontotemporal or posterior transpetrosal exposures for extensive lesions.Microsurgical dissection and morphometric analysis were performed in 20 fixed cadaver specimens for the purposes of validating the method for clinical application and determining the key elements to maximization of exposure. The trigeminal complex could be anteromedially retracted 4.8 mm +/- 1.3 (range = 3 to 6 mm) without skeletonization of V(2) and V(3). Liberating these two divisions from their bony canals to their first peripheral branch (10.4 mm +/- 2.5 and 5.4 mm +/- 1.1, respectively) resulted in increased mobilization an average of 9.1 mm +/- 1.7 (7 to 14 mm). Further mobilization is achieved by dividing the attachment between the trigeminal connective tissue sheath and the fibrous carotid ring at the foramen lacerum. An average of 13.0 mm +/- 3.1 (7 to 20 mm) of the posterior intracavernous carotid artery was exposed. Detailed microanatomic observations and a comprehensive morphometric analysis of the relevant anatomic relationships were made.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Association of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver and Papillon-Lefevre syndrome--case report.

A case of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking malignancy in a 4-year-old girl with the Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is reported. Only recently, an association between this inherited syndrome and liver abscesses has been found. Its possible pathogenesis is discussed and immunologic defects resulting from the Papillon-Lefevre syndrome are presented. The development of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver might be caused by immunologic disturbances and staphylococcal infection. The picture of the hepatic tumor on imaging in patients with PLS should be attributed rather to inflammatory than neoplastic process.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the bcl-2 protein associated with the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation.

For many non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the bcl-2 gene has been implicated as a likely proto-oncogene, since it is consistently located at or near the breakpoint sites of t(14;18) chromosomal translocations. To define the role of the protein product of the bcl-2 gene in lymphoid cancers, we used anti-bcl-2 antibodies to perform immunohistochemical studies of frozen sections of 136 tissue specimens affected by lymphoma or non-neoplastic lymphoid disorders. Immunoreactive bcl-2 protein was observed in the neoplastic cells in almost all the follicular lymphomas, whereas no bcl-2 protein was detected in follicles affected by non-neoplastic processes or in normal lymphoid tissue. Every tumor with molecular-genetic evidence of t(14;18) translocation expressed detectable levels of bcl-2 protein, regardless of whether the breakpoint was located in or at a distance from the bcl-2 gene. These data show consistent expression of a proto-oncogenic protein in a large proportion of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and provide further support of a role for bcl-2 in the pathogenesis of all lymphomas with the t(14;18) karyotypic abnormality. Increased expression of bcl-2 after t(14;18) translocations may be a specific marker for B-cell cancers, and demonstration of the protein with use of anti-bcl-2 antibodies could be useful in the diagnosis of many non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed2000

Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint: varying presentation in 4 cases.

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition in which cartilage is formed in the synovial membrane of a joint. The manifestations of this benign neoplastic process can mimic many common temporomandibular joint and parotid diseases. Four cases of synovial chondromatosis are presented. In each case, atypical presentation, coexisting joint disease, or both caused diagnostic confusion. The histories and physical examinations were initially consistent with more common joint diseases in each case. Imaging provided some insight into diagnosis and was a definitive indication for surgical treatment. Treatment by subtotal synovectomy and by removal of chondromatous nodules were undertaken in each case. No patient in our series has had recurrence of disease or symptoms after surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Paracoccidioidomycosis: report of 2 cases mimicking squamous cell carcinoma.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic fungal infection in Latin America. This mucocutaneous disease often involves the oral mucosa and may clinically resemble other infectious and neoplastic processes. Paracoccidioidomycosis that clinically suggested squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 patients with a history of heavy alcohol and tobacco use. Antifungal therapy with ketoconazole and itraconazole resulted in resolution of the oral lesions. Interestingly, 1 patient had a pulmonary lesion that persisted after antifungal therapy, and biopsy proved this to be a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2003

Cheilitis glandularis: an unusual histopathologic presentation.

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is an uncommon disease that usually affects the lower lip of adults. It is characterized by enlargement and eversion of the lip in association with excretory duct dilatation. The presence of minor salivary gland hyperplasia is controversial. Three types of CG have been described in the literature; the classification is based on the common clinical and histopathologic findings (ie, simple, superficial, and deep). This report is of an unusual case of CG simplex for which the initial histopathologic diagnosis was papillary cystadenoma, a neoplastic process. The lesion was completely excised, and final microscopic review of a larger specimen revealed chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, dilated salivary secretory ducts with oncocytic change and periductal inflammation, and foci of adenomatous hyperplasia consisting of enlarged ducts exhibiting squamous epithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia with papillary architecture. The latter proliferative pattern is an unusual finding in what is otherwise clinically diagnosed as CG.

Cheilitis↗
PubMed1976

Antibody-producing cells: virus-induced alteration of response to antigen.

Spleen antibody-forming cells of mice yield a 3- to 10-fold increase in their response to sheep erythrocyte antigen if they are acutely infected by lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. This early stimulation is replaced by a long-term inhibition of the antibody-forming cells as the viremia goes into its persisting chronic stage. These contrasting immunological phenomena are examined as contributing factors responsible for the enhancement by this virus of asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1; L-asparagine amidolydrolase) therapy against leukemia in mice, and for the alteration of the susceptibility of mice to various neoplastic processes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Microenvironmental influences on the in vivo behavior of neoplastic lymphocytes.

A transplantable hamster lymphocytic neoplasma of probable monoclonal derivation, induced by the oncogenic DNA simian virus 40, has been adapted to grow in the allogeneic host either as leukemia (characterized by dissemination and poor prognosis) or as lymphoma (characterized by localization and favorable prognosis) [Diamandopoulos, G. Th. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 2011-2015]. In the present experiments the circumstances under which neoplastic lymphocytes that are transplanted in allogeneic animals retain, lose, or regain the capacity for dissemination or localization are assessed. Results indicate that the in vivo behavior of neoplastic lymphocytes is not a stable, irreversible characteristic that is transmitted to the cell progeny. On the contrary, it can be altered by the origin/tissue microenvironment in which the cells proliferate. It is suggested that, whereas neoplastic cell mutation followed by host selection could be responsible for changes in cell behavior, a more likely explanation is that the proliferating neoplastic lymphocytes acquire reversible nonmutational phenotypic characteristics during their interaction with the host microenvironment, which modify their behavior and, as a result, the prognosis of the neoplastic process.

Animals↗