Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Microclimate”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of mesomorphy on hyperthermia during exercise in a warm, humid environment.

The hyperthermic response to exercise in a warm (30 degrees C), humid (80% relative humidity) environment was obtained for 27 men who exhibited a wide range of body physique in terms of the mesomorphy component of somatotype. Increase in tympanic temperature (Yty) was significantly dependent on mesomorphy rating (X) according to the regression equation Yty = -0.390 + 0.088X. Increase in rectal temperature (Yre) was also significantly dependent on mesomorphy rating according to the equation Yre = -0.100 + 0.066X. The hyperthermic response was significantly correlated with other measures of physique, including ectomorphy, surface area/weight ratio, and body weight, but was not correlated with fatness or fitness. The results support the generalization that during exercise in a warm, humid environment individual differences in heat strain can be highly dependent on physique, especially if fitness and fatness are similar. In this context, mesomorphy appears to provide the optimum description of physique variation. Individuals with a mesomorphy rating greater than 7 warrant designation as being at high risk for heat intolerance during exercise in environments that significantly impair the rate of body heat loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Physique and thermoregulation in prepubertal males during exercise in a warm, humid environment.

The hyperthermic response to exercise in a warm (30 degrees C), humid (80% relative humidity) environment was obtained for 23 prepubertal males. After the initial increase of core temperatures (tympanic and rectal) to elevated set points, further hyperthermia was minimal and was unrelated to any physique variable except for the case of endomorphy, which was weakly correlated with hyperthermia at the rectal site. This result for boys is attributed to the combination of small body size (relative to adults) and absence of pronounced, age-dependent muscular development as evidenced by low rating and small variation of the mesomorphy component of somatotype. Both of these factors were associated with a high surface area to weight ratio compared to adults, which facilitated heat loss. It is concluded that prepubertal males thermoregulate efficiently during moderate exercise in a warm, humid environment. Other than cases of obesity, variation in physique is not an important consideration for assessing the risk of heat strain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The determinants of Canadian children's personal exposures to magnetic fields.

Study of the health effects of magnetic fields often depends on identifying determinants and hence indicators of personal exposure. This study identified determinants of children's exposure to magnetic fields and constructed a prediction model for them. For 632 children participating in a case-control study of childhood leukemia, we made direct measures of exposure over 48 h using a portable device, together with observations on candidate determinants. A child's age and sex, the proportion of time spent in the home, and their parents' education or income were very weak predictors of (logged) mean 48 h magnetic field (R(2) < 1%). More important were province (R(2) = 8.0%) and type of residence (R(2) = 11.3%). Low temperatures at the time of measurement were associated with high fields (about 20% increase for each 10 degrees C below 14, R(2) = 4.9%). Several visible attributes of wiring around residences predicted exposure, mostly captured in the Wertheimer-Leeper wire code (R(2) = 13.5%). Stationary 24 h measurement in the bedroom (R(2) = 63.3%) and spot measurements outside the house (R(2) = 40.7%) predicted personal exposures best. Adding other minor predictors increased only slightly variance explained by 24 h stationary (R(2) = 66.2%) and spot (R(2) = 46.8%) measurements. Without spot or stationary measurements, the best model was much less powerful (R(2) = 29.0%). We conclude that spot measurements outside the residence provide a moderately effective basis for estimating exposure for children living there, but do not perform as well as 24 h stationary measurements in the child's bedroom. Although several other easily-observed variables were associated with personal exposure, they were weak determinants, either individually or in combination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Thermal desorption/gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of volatile organic compounds in the offices of smokers and nonsmokers.

The indoor air quality of the offices of smokers and nonsmokers was surveyed for volatile organic compound identities and concentrations. These results were examined to determine whether environmental tobacco smoke contamination could be distinguished from airborne pollutants outgassing from other sources. It was not possible to positively attribute volatile organic contaminants to environmental tobacco smoke. It was possible to distinguish between smokers' and nonsmokers' offices by determining airborne nicotine levels.

Air↗
PubMed1984

Effect of environmental factors on aerosol-induced Lassa virus infection.

Previous studies suggested that the most frequent means of transmission of Lassa virus was by either direct or indirect contact with infectious material. Aerosol stability and respiratory infectivity of the Josiah strain of Lassa virus were assessed to determine the effect of environmental factors on aerosol-induced infection. The stability of the virus in aerosol, particularly at low relative humidity (30% RH), plus the ability of the virus to infect guinea pigs and monkeys via the respiratory route emphasize the potential for aerosol transmission of Lassa virus. Biological half-lives at both 24 and 32 degrees C ranged from 10.1 to 54.6 min, and were sufficient for aerosol dispersion of virus to considerable distances in natural situations. Infectivity of Lassa virus in small particle aerosol was demonstrated in outbred guinea pigs and cynomolgus monkeys using dynamic aerosol equipment. Monkeys exposed to inhaled doses to 465 PFU were infected and died. The median infectious dose (ID50) for guinea pigs was 15 PFU, yet a definitive median lethal aerosol dose (LD50) could not be established. Organ tropism of aerosol-induced Lassa virus infections in outbred guinea pigs was similar to that previously reported for inbred guinea pigs infected by subcutaneous inoculation.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2003

Airborne fungal spores at the Belgrad forest near the city of Istanbul (Turkey) in the year 2001 and their relation to allergic diseases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between airborne fungal spores and allergic diseases; for this reason, the airborne fungal spores that were obtained from five different locations of Belgrad Forest were isolated, determined and studied quantitatively. Totally 120 samples were examined by using the Petri Plate Gravitational Method, and fungi obtained from these samples were isolated and 600 colonies were counted. By identification of these isolations, 13 genera (Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Stemphylium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Ulocladium, Aureobasidium and Fusarium), 25 species and 10 different sterile fungi were determined. The identifications of these fungi were made according to their microscopic, macromorphological features and references.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1987

Indoor mold spore exposure: characteristics of 127 homes in southern California with endogenous mold problems.

We are constantly being exposed to molds in our environment. Indoor mold problems occur after prolonged or chronic water damage to a variety of organic materials such as unfinished wood, jutebacked carpeting, wallpaper, books, cardboard, leather, cork, paper, wallboard, and wicker baskets. Mechanisms for spore dispersal (such as air currents or foot traffic on carpets) must also be present. The presence of these organic materials and dispersal mechanisms leads to significant increases in indoor spore levels.

Allergens↗
PubMed1987

Occurrence of Alternaria Nees ex Fr. in indoor and outdoor habitats in Cordoba (Spain).

We have studied the occurrence of a genus of allergic interest, Alternaria, in the outdoor and indoor atmosphere of 14 homes in Córdoba (Spain). The sampling was carried out by the method of sedimentation on a mycological medium twice a month for a period of one year. We detected an overall 3955 colonies of Alternaria belonging to seven different species of this genus (A . consortiale, A . crassa, A . dendritica, A . harzii, A . japonica, A.tenuis and A . tenuissima), some of which are proven allergenic agents. A . tenuis was by far the most frequent of the above mentioned species, both indoors and outdoors. Three of the species identified (A . consortiale, A . crassa and A . harzii) occurred in greater concentrations indoors than outdoors; the remaining four were found to occur preferentially outdoors.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1987

Investigations of allergen-containing dust samples from the interior of the house.

Using ACAREX test, it is straightforward to determine the allergen-containing excreta of housedust mites in dust samples and to detect the source of a contamination. Investigation of the antigen content by RAST inhibition shows that there is correlation between guanine and allergen content in a dust sample. There is no direct relation with the number of live (or dead) housedust mites, nor is this to be expected.

Allergens↗