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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A monitoring system for energy transduction by bacteriorhodopsin liposomes.

A computer-controlled system and custom software are described that collect information and perform computations to quantify important parameters of energy transduction during the conversion of photons into a proton electrochemical gradient (delta mu H+) by bacteriorhodopsin (BR)-liposomes. The strong actinic light used to energize the BR-liposomes causes several serious problems for the approaches commonly used to measure these parameters. This paper identifies these problems and presents solutions that permit the acquisition of the desired information, namely, the initial (1st sec) rate and total extent of H+ translocation, rate of H+ leakage (driven by an existing delta mu H+), external, internal and delta pH values, and delta psi values. The system is presented with representative experimental data.

Bacteriorhodopsins↗
PubMed1997

Design and implementation of the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1994-95 Cattle on Feed Evaluation, and an evaluation of the impact of response biases.

The 1994-95 Cattle on Feed Evaluation was a cooperative project (sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture) involving Washington State University, state agricultural departments, and several agencies of the United States Department of Agriculture). The project focused on cattle-on-feed operations in 13 states that accounted for over 85% of the United States cattle on feed inventory. Participants were selected from National Agricultural Statistics Service list frames. Questionnaires were administered by telephone to operations with a one-time capacity of fewer than 1000 cattle; larger operations were visited twice to administer questionnaires. The participation rate for the first phase of the study was 56.7%. Ninety-one percent of eligible operations completed the second phase of the study. Data summarized from this national study can be used to profile management practices on cattle-feeding operations in the United States. Differences between participants and non-participants did not appear to be great. However, one does need to be mindful of the fact that a small percentage of the producers accounted for the vast majority of feedlot cattle marketed when interpreting the results.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

2D correlation spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution in analyzing pH-dependent evolving systems monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy, a comparative study.

Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) and 2D correlation spectroscopy (2D-CoS), including sample-sample correlation, have been applied to the analysis of evolving midinfrared spectroscopic data sets obtained from titrations of organic acids in aqueous solution. In these data sets, well-defined species with significant differences in their spectra are responsible for the spectral variation observed. The two fundamentally different chemometric techniques have been evaluated and discussed on the basis of experimental and supportive simulated data sets. MCR gives information that can be directly related to the chemical species that is of importance from a practical point of view, whereas 2D-CoS results normally require more interpretation. The obtained conclusions are regarded valid for similar evolving data, which are increasingly being encountered in analytical chemistry when multivariate detectors are used to follow dynamic processes, including separations as well as chemical reactions, among others.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Development of chemical oxygen demand on-line monitoring system based on a photoelectrochemical degradation principle.

A simple, rapid, and sensitive on-line chemical oxygen demand (COD) determination method has been proposed and experimentally validated. The method is based on a photoelectrochemical oxidative degradation principle and operates under a continuous flow mode. The method employs a specially designed thin-layer photoelectrochemical cell that incorporates a highly effective nanoparticulate TiO2 photoanode. This approach overcomes many problems associated with the conventional COD determination techniques such as long analysis time, consumption of expensive and toxic reagents, production of secondary toxic waste, and poor reproducibility. The effect of important experimental parameters on the analytical signal generation was systematically investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained. The method was successfully applied to determine the COD of real samples from various industrial wastewaters. The COD value of real samples determined by this method agreed well with the standard dichromate method. The assay time of 1-5 min/sample can be readily achieved. A practical detection limit of 1 mg L(-1) COD with a linear range of 1-100 mg L(-1) was achieved under the optimum conditions.

Electrochemistry↗
PubMed2004

Development of a monitoring system for keyboard users' performance.

To precisely evaluate the typing performance of a VDT user, a program named KBlog was developed to record the typing activity under the Microsoft Windows operating system. This program is small and simply framed in order to avoid overloading of the operating system. Without interfering with the typing task, this program can record the time of every pressing and releasing movement of each keystroke at the millisecond level. The accuracy and reliability of KBlog was tested by comparing time intervals recorded by KBlog to time intervals of keyboard output electrical signals recorded by an oscilloscope. In the regression analysis on these two indicators, results of high correlation coefficients of almost 1.000 and intercepts within acceptable levels of around 1 ms indicated sufficient accuracy and reliability of this program. Further applications are discussed in this paper concerning both laboratory and field researches.

Computer Peripherals↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium of animal origin obtained from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.

Salmonella Typhimurium remains one of the most common causes of salmonellosis in animals and humans in the United States. The emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella reduces the therapeutic options in cases of invasive infections, and has been shown to be associated with an increased burden of illness. In this study, 588 S. Typhimurium (including var. Copenhagen) isolates obtained from either animal diagnostic specimens (n = 199) or food animals after slaughter/processing (n = 389) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of class-1 integrons, and characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage typing. Seventy-six percent (448/588) of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Salmonella isolates displayed resistance most often to streptomycin (63%), tetracycline (61%), ampicillin (61%), and to a lesser extent, chloramphenicol (36%), ceftiofur (15%), gentamicin (9%), and nalidixic acid (4%), with more resistance observed among diagnostic isolates. Salmonella recovered from turkeys (n = 38) exhibited the highest rates of resistance, with 92% of isolates resistant to least one antimicrobial, and 58% resistant to > or =10 antimicrobials. Class 1 integrons were present in 51% of all isolates. Five integron associated resistance genes (aadA, aadB, pse-1, oxa-2 and dhfr) were identified. A total of 311 PFGE patterns were generated using XbaI, indicating a genetically diverse population. The largest PFGE cluster contained 146 isolates, including DT104 isolates obtained from all seven animal species. Results demonstrated a varied spectrum of antimicrobial resistance, including several multidrug resistant clonal groups, among S. Typhimurium and S. Typhimurium var. Copenhagen isolates recovered from both diagnostic and slaughter/processing samples.

Animals↗