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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Demonstration of a field defect in gastric intestinal metaplasia by biological marker analysis.

Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a precursor lesion for gastric cancer. It most frequently involves the antrum and the angularis. At endoscopy, it is not possible to visually distinguish GIM from normal stomach. Furthermore, GIM frequently has a patchy distribution with areas of metaplasia coexisting with adjacent areas of other histologies, including normal stomach. In this study we sought to determine whether a "field defect" could be demonstrated in subjects with GIM, involving the entire region of the stomach. The biologic markers tested were ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (LI). Antral biopsies were obtained from 13 subjects with known GIM and 9 controls (no GIM based on multiple biopsies and absence of methylene blue staining). Three adjacent biopsies were obtained for ODC, LI, and histology. Group I consisted of a set of 3 biopsies from the 9 controls. In the 13 subjects with GIM, 2 sets of 3 biopsies were taken with methylene blue guidance in an attempt to obtain both GIM-free (group II) and GIM-containing (group III) tissue. ODC activities were markedly and statistically significantly (P = 0.0001) elevated in groups II and III versus group I; the mean +/- SDs were 0.075 +/- 0.117 for group I, 1.20 +/- 0.83 for group II, and 1.14 +/- 0.76 for group III. Group II versus Group III values were not different (P = 0.979). LI was less discriminatory with more overlap between the groups. The highest LI was in group II, which was significantly different from group I (P = 0.014) and group III (P = 0.006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Histological assessment of fifty breast capsules from smooth and textured augmentation and reconstruction mammoplasty prostheses with emphasis on the role of synovial metaplasia.

Fifty breast capsules surrounding smooth and textured breast prostheses were reviewed histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally, and findings correlated with patient data. The histology of the capsules varied; although most consisted of a simple fibrocollagenous membrane, some were lined by organized, round to polyhedral cells similar to synovium. Histologically, the lining of the synovial type consisted of epithelioid cells overlying parallel bands of collagen, with basally located nuclei and cytoplasmic processes directed toward the surface and arranged within a well developed reticulin network. Immunohistochemically, the cells were vimentin positive, weakly positive focally for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme, and negative for EMA and AE1/AE3. Scanning electron photomicrographs showed a bosselated luminal lining overlying parallel bands of collagen. By transmission electron microscopy, both secretory and phagocytic cells could be distinguished. Some of the former were multinucleated. No basement membrane material could be identified, and cell junctions were rare. Histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally the lining appeared identical to synovium and to the synovial metaplasia that has been described in sutured skin, after repeated subcutaneous injections of air, the bone-cement interface of loose hip prostheses and adjacent to gliding silastic tendon reconstruction rods. The physical and chemical composition of the prostheses, the mechanical forces, and the developmental response of the host mesenchymal tissue are thought to influence the formation and maintenance of the synovial metaplasia of the breast capsule.

Breast↗
PubMed1993

[Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric metaplasia in the duodenum in the production of duodenal ulcer].

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is frequently detected in not only the antrum but also the gastric juice and the duodenum with gastric metaplasia, which is believed to be a response of duodenal mucosa to injury by hyperacidity, in most of duodenal ulcer patients. Conversely, the normal duodenum is not infected with H. pylori in non-duodenal ulcer patients, even if H. pylori is present in the antrum and/or the gastric juice. All patients with H. pylori in the duodenum has the H. pylori infection in the gastric antrum. Patients with H. pylori in the gastric juice also has H. pylori infection in the antrum. These findings may support the following hypothesis in the formation of duodenal ulcer. A high duodenal acid load leads to the formation of gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb, where can be easily infected by gastric H. pylori through the gastric juice. As a result of the duodenal colonization of H. pylori, the duodenal mucosa impaired by ammonia of H. pylori could has the formation of duodenal ulcer.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1994

Expression of cellular retinol- and cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins in the rat cervical epithelium is regulated by endocrine stimuli during normal squamous metaplasia.

To determine the potential roles of retinoids in the growth and differentiation of the reproductive tract epithelium, we have studied the expression of the cellular retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins, CRBP I and CRABP I, in the reproductive tract of female rats. CRBP I and CRABP I gene expression have been examined in the oviduct, ovary, uterus, and particularly in the cervix, which normally undergoes a cyclical squamous metaplasia during the estrus cycle. CRBP I was expressed in all four tissues examined, whereas CRABP I was expressed predominantly in cervix and uterus. In the cervix, CRBP I was detected in all epithelial layers including the columnar epithelium but was greatly reduced in the superficial, cornified layers of the stratified squamous epithelium. CRABP I was localized to the basement membrane region of the epithelium with the strongest expression in the basal layer of epithelial cells. While the expression of CRBP I and CRABP I in the keratinizing exocervix changed during the estrus cycle, it remained constant in the incompletely keratinized endocervix. The highest levels of CRBP I were seen during anestrus and proestrus, and for CRABP I during proestrus. Both CRBP I and CRABP I levels fell to barely detectable levels during estrus and metestrus. Using estrogen repletion of ovariectomized rats, we found that CRABP I levels transiently increased during the early proliferative response to estrogen, whereas CRBP I levels gradually declined, becoming barely detectable by 24 to 48 hours. These results suggest that CRBP I and CRABP I play different roles in the cyclical squamous metaplasia normally occurring in this tissue and that hormonal control of CRBP I and CRABP I expression might modulate the retinoid responsiveness of the epithelium during this process.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Endometrial metaplasia of the uterine endocervix.

We report a case of endometrial metaplasia of the endocervix, which was associated with tubal and squamous metaplasias. The similarity to normal endometrial glands and its benign nature should be recognized, and over-diagnosis of endocervical glandular dysplasia should be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Histogenesis of stomach cancer and the role of intestinal metaplasia in the process].

The study of 854 gastrobioptic specimens and 102 stomachs resected in connection with cancer justified the assumption that intestinal metaplasia as such was not of a precancer character but indicated only the presence of a pathological process in the stomach. Malignization started in places of atypical hyperplasia of the epithelium, mostly at the level of the cervical part of the glands and gastric fossae. The investigations conducted showed that under conditions of pathology proliferation of cambial elements could occur by two ways. In some cases the typical epithelium is formed (foci of morphological precancer of the stomach) representing a source of cancerous transformation; in other cases, proliferation of the cambial elements terminates with inderect metaplasia with origination of an entirely differentiated epithelium of the intestinal type.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal metaplasia--its association with gastric cancer.

Endoscopic gastric biopsies from 230 patients and post gastrectomy specimens of 18 patients were evaluated for the presence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and its association with the gastric lesions. There were a total of 78 malignant and 170 benign lesions. IM was present in 53% of patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) and in 10.6% with benign lesions of the stomach. The IM in association with GC was of type 1 (Small Intestinal) in 58.8%; type II (mixed gastric and small intestinal) in 11.8% and type III (Colonic) in 29.4%. In patients with benign lesions the IM was predominantly of type I (94.5%) except in 1 patient who had type III metaplasia. Our findings indicate that type III IM was significantly more frequent in patient with GC than with benign lesions (29.4% Vs 5.5%; p < .005). Therefore we conclude that patients with type III IM should be kept on surveillance for GC.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1996

Effusive-constrictive pericardial disease secondary to osseous metaplasia of the pericardium in a dog.

Osseous metaplasia of the pericardium causing effusive-constrictive pericardial disease has not, to our knowledge, been reported in dogs. Clinical signs of right-sided congestive heart failure prompted examination of the dog of this report. Documented causes of constrictive pericardial disease in dogs include trauma and actinomycotic, mycobacterial, and fungal infections. These causes were ruled out in this dog. Immune-mediated disorders, as have been reported in people, also were considered unlikely on the basis of test results. It was concluded that this dog had idiopathic osseous metaplasia of the pericardium and pleura. Signs of right-sided congestive heart failure resolved after subtotal pericardiectomy was performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Lipomatous metaplasia in left ventricular scar.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Substitution of interstitial tissue by fat may be observed in the right ventricle of hearts but is less common in the left ventricle. Fat was noted in myocardial scars of patients undergoing heart transplantation, prompting this retrospective study to determine the frequency of left ventricular myocardial scar being replaced by fat and its significance METHODS AND RESULTS: The left and right ventricles and coronary arteries were sampled systematically and lesions quantified histologically in 97 normal subjects dying accidentally; 116 consecutive failing hearts excised at transplantation from patients with ischemic heart disease, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or chronic valvulopathy; and 34 autopsy hearts of apparently normal subjects with "silent' Chagas' heart disease who died suddenly and unexpectedly. Twenty-two left ventricular aneurysmectomy specimens from ischemic patients with heart failure were also studied. Among excised hearts lipomatous metaplasia of myocardial scar was observed in 68% of ischemic heart disease, in 37% of chronic valvulopathy and in 26% of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients; it was seen in 15% of Chagasic patients and in 55% of aneurysm walls. CONCLUSIONS: Lipomatous metaplasia of scar is often associated with severe heart failure and is more frequent and extensive in ischemic heart disease. Transformation of a compact scar into compressible and "sliding' adipose tissue may worsen ventricular wall function, thus facilitating and/or aggravating aneurysm formation. This phenomenon must be considered in the evaluation of myocardial repair, cardiac imaging of viable myocardium, quantitative morphology of autopsy specimens, and qualitative and quantitative biochemical analysis of myocardial tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

Human erythrocyte glucose transporter (Glut1) is immunohistochemically detected as a late event during malignant progression in Barrett's metaplasia.

We have previously demonstrated that the human erythrocyte glucose transporter (Glut1) is expressed in adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's metaplasia (BM). We have also shown that Glut1 is expressed as a late event during colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of this work was to determine the chronology of Glut1 expression during the neoplastic progression in Barrett's metaplasia. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 251 biopsies from 97 patients with BM were immunostained with the anti-Glut1 antibody MYM, after microwave-aided antigen retrieval, using the standard avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique. Dysplasia was graded as negative (ND), low grade (LGD)/indefinite or high grade (HGD). None of the 181 biopsies with ND (0%) or 51 biopsies with LGD (0%) showed Glut1 immunoreactivity. More importantly, although 0 of 6 biopsies with HGD (0%) expressed Glut1, 9 of 13 biopsies with adenocarcinoma (69%) were Glut1 positive (P = 0.0108, Fisher's exact test). Our results indicate that Glut1 is expressed as a late event during the neoplastic progression in BM. Prospective studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of Glut1 immunoreactivity as a marker of carcinoma in patients with BM.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Subtypes of intestinal metaplasia and their relationship to Helicobacter pylori.

The presence of incomplete colonic type of intestinal metaplasia (IM) is regarded as a risk factor for gastric carcinoma. In this study, we attempted to classify the subtypes of IM in our patients and examine their relationship to Helicobacter pylori (HP). Gastric biopsies were obtained from 210 patients. The HP positivity and the presence and type of IM were determined by histopathologic methods. HP positivity was also tested by the CLO test. The subtypes of IM were classified according to Ming's classification. IM was present in 101 of 210 patients (48%). Complete type intestinal metaplasia was present in 72 of 101 patients (71.3%), incomplete type IM was seen in 29 of 101 patients (28.7%), and incomplete colonic type (Type IIc) was found in 7 of 101 patients (6.9%). No significant relationship was found between subtypes of IM and HP positivity (p > 0.05). Although our patient group is small, our findings suggest that the carcinogenity of HP is mostly related to its own mutagenic activity as well as the mutagenic activity of the inflammatory cells present in response to HP rather than to its supposed effect on precancerous gastric lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Decrease of ornithine decarboxylase activity in premalignant gastric mucosa and regression of small intestinal metaplasia in patients supplemented with high doses of vitamin E.

The effect of high doses of vitamin E (Vit.E; 400 units/ day) on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and regression of small intestinal metaplasia (SIM) was studied in a 1-year double-blind intervention trial. Biochemical and morphological parameters were estimated in 14 evaluable SIM patients of 18 in the Vit.E group and in 16 of 18 intestinal metaplasia patients enrolled in control group (placebo). In the control group, there were no statistically significant changes in Vit.E content in blood plasma, ODC activity, and the rate of SIM in multiple biopsies from antrum gastric mucosa. In the Vit.E group, after 6 and 12 months of intervention, the initial content of Vit.E in blood plasma increased from 6.4 +/- 0.9 up to 17.0 +/- 1.8 and 21.2 +/- 2.3 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the initial abnormally high activity of ODC, 62.6 +/- 7.8 units, decreased by 53 and 65%, respectively. Histological analysis of multiple biopsies, taken from the gastric antrum of patients supplemented with Vit.E, revealed that in 8 of 14 patients (57%) after 6 months and in 10 of 14 patients (71%) after 12 months, no signs of SIM were observed; gastroscopic dye procedure confirmed the regression of SIM in these cases and showed the presence of only small isolated stained areas identified as SIM.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Is duodenal gastric metaplasia a consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children?

BACKGROUND: Duodenal gastric metaplasia (DGM) is commonly found in association with Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-associated gastritis in adults. DGM is also considered a risk factor for duodenal ulcer development. The prevalence of DGM in children and its association with gastritis, duodenitis, or the presence of Hp organisms is not clear. We investigated the prevalence of DGM in children and explore its association with several possible risk factors, including age, gender, gastritis, duodenitis, or Hp presence in the gastric antrum. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 173 upper endoscopy procedures performed between 1993 and 1995 at Cabell Huntington Hospital, Huntington, WV, was done. Gastric and duodenal biopsies were stained with Giemsa for Hp detection, periodic acid-Schiff for DGM, and hematoxylin and eosin for histologic assessment. Gastric mucosal inflammation was graded according to Sydney criteria. RESULTS: Duodenal gastric metaplasia was identified in 23 of 173 (13%) patients. Duodenitis but not age, gender, gastritis, or the presence of Hp in the gastric antrum was associated with DGM development. In 4 of 23 DGM foci, Hp was identified. CONCLUSIONS: In children, DGM is not the consequence of Hp infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cholecystopathies with mucosal metaplasia of the intestinal type].

In this work we analyse 23 clinical observations on operated cholecystopathies, with intestinal mucosa metaplasia and we present a study hypothesis that remains to be further verified. The clinical cases have been selected out of out of 1263 cholecystopathies carried out within our department between 1987-1993. Most of the patients were females aged of 30-50 years old and were not known to have gallbladder malformations or biliary lithiasis. The authors are in favour of surgical cure at these patients, only when the well-lead medical cure has failed to give positive results, as a final solution. The histopathological examination of the samples indicating intestinal mucosa metaplasia zones of the gallbladder is the only paraclinical findings that shows useful evidence and confirms the opportunity of the surgical solution in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Considerations on endometrial epithelial metaplasia.

Our study aimed to the various histopathological aspects of the endometrial epithelial metaplasia and the endometrial lesions which appear more frequently associated to these changes. Being considered as isolated, endometrial epithelial metaplasia has no prognostic relevance. It is important that the histopathologist recognize it, because its association to some benign lesions (especially to the endometrial glandular hyperplasia) may generate confusion with carcinoma.

Curettage↗
PubMed1998

Paneth cell metaplasia in colonic adenocarcinoms.

The junctional mucosa of 49 colorectal carcinomas were studied for Paneth cell metaplasia. Twenty two cases (44.89%) showed Paneth cells in the junctional mucosa. The carcinomas were seen mainly in the age range of 51 to 60 years (38.4%) The occurrence of Paneth cell metaplasia was higher in the vicinity of tumours of ascending colon and in well differentiated grades of adenocarcinomas. This probably indicates the reactive host response in the junctional mucosa which is of better prognostic significance.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia in children.

Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by splenomegaly, leukoerythroblastosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, teardrop-shaped red blood cells, and fibrosis of the bone marrow. It is a disease of adults, with only one case report in the pediatric literature. The symptoms of the patient in this case clearly fit the diagnostic criteria of this disease. Myelofibrosis in children is usually of the acute type, presenting in infancy and running a fulminant, fatal course with minimal or mild splenomegaly. Red blood cells are usually normal on morphologic examination. Three infants, including two siblings, presented at ages 9, 10, and 16 months with clinical and laboratory findings consistent with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. The occurrence of the disease in these siblings is suggestive of an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.

Biopsy↗