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PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of the dilution rate on the bioproductivity of lactose-utilizing yeasts: fuzzy logic modeling.

The studied problem is of commercial interest because whey, the cultivation substrate, is a waste by-product from the transformation of milk into cheese and casein. Investigations on the influence of the dilution rate (D) on the bioproductivity of lactose-utilizing yeasts were carried out with two model strains--the oxidative strain Candida blankii 35 and the fermentative strain Candida pseudotropicalis 11. The increase of D led to the different changes in productivity. The best synthesizing ability of both continuously cultivated strains is established at D = 0.4 [h-1] despite the different type of metabolism. The oxidative strain C. blankii 35 is more effective in comparison with the fermentative strain C. pseudotropicalis 11 because of its ability to synthesize 1.5 fold higher biomass and protein yields. These experimental facts were proved also by simulative research with a Fuzzy Knowledge-Based System (FKBS) developed for modeling the influence of D on several process variables.

Biomass↗
PubMed1997

Politics, practical logic, and primary health care in rural Haiti.

During the 1980s, an ambitious project for health development restructured medical services throughout rural Haiti. The "Rural Health Delivery System" (RHDS) pursued several goals of primary health care, including dispensary-based maternal and child health services and the provision of low-cost drugs. Based on fieldwork in a single village, this article examines how local residents pushed the project in unpredictable and ironic directions. People did not regard dispensary services-which were planned and financed by international health agencies-as essentially foreign elements in the local health-care system. They rather engaged with the dispensary according to long-standing local strategies for prestige and economic advance. Despite the dramatically new shape of biomedicine introduced by the RHDS, the dispensary remained for most people a recognizable arena to gain access to state resources or to contest state control over their lives. The "success" of clinic services, and the "failure" of the project to distribute essential drugs arose more from people's practical routes to symbolic and material power than from the formal plans of health planners or state bureaucrats. This practice-based analysis provides another dimension to both the liberal and neo-Marxist critiques of international health development.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2006

Avoiding errors in reasoning: an introduction to logical fallacies.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to provide all students of radiology, from novices to experts, a framework for understanding common errors in reasoning. CONCLUSION: By familiarizing ourselves with common fallacies, we can take steps to reduce the probability that we will commit such errors or fail to recognize and respond appropriately to them when they occur.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2004

Logical reasoning and probabilities: a comprehensive test of Oaksford And Chater (2001).

We report two experiments testing a central prediction of the probabilistic account of reasoning provided by Oaksford and Chater (2001): Acceptance of standard conditional inferences, card choices in the Wason selection task, and quantifiers chosen for conclusions from syllogisms should vary as a function of the frequency of the concepts involved. Frequency was manipulated by a probability-learning phase preceding the reasoning tasks to simulate natural sampling. The effects predicted by Oaksford and Chater (2001) were not obtained with any of the three paradigms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Logical responses to youth who run away from home: implications for psychiatric mental health nursing.

1. Runaway youths do not fit into a typical profile; they are adolescents of every race, ethnic group, and religious orientation; they are representative of every socioeconomic status and geographic location in America. 2. Psychosocial events including physical and sexual abuse are common antecedents to runaway behaviors. 3. Implications for psychiatric mental health nursing practice include working with community programs focused on reducing runaway episodes; implementing preventive measures focused on strengthening parenting and problem-solving skills for reducing conflict with families with adolescent children; and promoting responsible sexuality through adequate and responsible sex education and counseling.

Adolescent↗