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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Otoacoustic emissions in screening cleft lip and/or palate children for hearing loss--a feasibility study.

Patients with cleft lip and/or palate abnormalities are likely to suffer permanent conductive (PCHL) or sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) due in part to the association with syndromes known to include PCHL or SNHL. The presence of otitis media, a nearly universal complication in these patients, makes identifying the hearing impaired in this population a challenge, since the detection of permanent hearing loss is made more difficult. This problem might be overcome by using click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAE's) shortly after birth. Twenty-one out of 28 newborns presented to the regional cleft palate team were eligible for CEOAE screening shortly after birth. Among these 21 infants, five had anomalies other than cleft lip and/or palate associated with an increased risk for hearing impairment. At the first CEOAE screening (ILO88 Emission Analyser, mean age 3 weeks, range 1-11 weeks) clear CEOAE's were present in all of the 18 ears of nine infants with isolated lip and/or jaw clefts. In 24 ears of 12 infants with palatal clefts, CEOAE's were present in only six ears (three infants), not demonstrable due to noisy registration in another six ears and absent in 12 ears despite a quiet registration. During follow-up of those who failed the first screening (18 ears, nine infants), normal hearing was found in 14 ears (seven infants) and sensorineural hearing loss was documented in four ears (two infants). CEOAE screening in infants with isolated lip and/or jaw clefts seems feasible and effective. In infants with palatal clefts an auditory brain stem screening might be more appropriate.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1998

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip treated with Mohs micrographic surgery: outcome at 5 years.

BACKGROUND: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is believed to be a highly effective treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip. OBJECTIVE: The goals of our study were to determine the long-term (5-year) outcome of patients treated with MMS for SCC of the lip and to identify factors associated with tumor recurrence. METHODS: Clinical and histopathologic data from 50 consecutive cases of SCC of the lip treated with MMS were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were no tumor-related deaths or metastases. Forty-six patients (92%) remained free of disease. Four patients (8%) were diagnosed with SCC at the surgical site after MMS. Recurrent lesions tended to be superficial and occurred in the setting of severe actinic cheilitis. The average time to diagnosis after MMS was 2.5 years. All patients with recurrent disease were treated with further MMS and had successful results. No recurrences were seen among patients who received adjuvant treatment for actinic cheilitis with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, had clinical lesions 1 cm or less in diameter, or had post-MMS defects 2 cm or less in diameter. CONCLUSION: MMS is highly effective for treating both primary and recurrent SCC of the lip. Treatment of coexisting actinic cheilitis may lower the risk for local recurrence after MMS.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Schwannoma of the upper lip: case report and literature review.

Schwannomas, arising from nerve-sheath Schwann cells, rarely occur in the lip area. A Medline search in English literature from 1966 to 2002 revealed only 6 documented cases of schwannomas of the lip. We report the unusual case of a 22-year-old female patient who developed a schwannoma of the upper lip. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining studies were performed, with the relevant literature for this clinical rarity also reviewed. Complete enucleation of the schwannoma usually achieves cure. Although very rare, schwannoma should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of any upper lip mass.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[General principles of lip surgery].

A successful lip reconstruction gives a shape illusion and re-establishes physiological function. We must be able to respect static and dynamic function and the axiom "use of lip to repair lip defect". Local flaps provide optimal tissue to replace the lip in the surrounding structures, to respect aesthetic subunits and commissural function, to give a neuro-muscular continuity respecting fibers direction and mucosal quality. If extra-labial tissue is necessary, the use of the same principles enables the best compromise in shape and function as possible.

Esthetics↗
PubMed2002

[Lip reconstruction in noma sequelae].

Noma is a grangenous stomatitis which might extend to other facial structures leading to extensive soft tissue and bony defects. Reconstruction of noma sequellae should take into account a few principles in relation to the particular aspect of this disease: (1) correction of the mandibular constriction; (2) removal of scar tissue in order to recreate the initial defect; (3) reconstruction of the missing bony framework; (4) reconstruction of the maxilla and upper lip before building the nose in case it is destroyed; (5) anticipation of the facial growth. Reconstruction of the lips, in case of extensive defects often necessitates a distant skin flap. As free flaps, the forearm fascio-cutaneous flap or the serratus musculo-cutaneous flap were used according to the size of the defect. The mucosal part of the lip is usually reconstructed with a local flap from the adjacent lip or an heterolabial flap (Estlander flap).

Face↗
PubMed2002

[Full thickness defects of the lips. Reconstructive techniques and indications].

The full-thickness tissue loss of the lip leads to the loss of lip continuity. The classic principle is to repair a lip with a lip, giving the best results. Although the size of tissue lost can force to use local flaps, these could be naso-labio-jugal, labio-mental or submental. Even though the microsurgical labial replantation is the technique of choice, unfortunately, most of the time it cannot be done as a result of the situation and the conservation of the avulsed fragment.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Lip lesions in Nigerian Igbos.

Lesions of the lip seen over a 7-year period at a central laboratory serving the Igbos of Nigeria are reviewed. In approximately 8,500 surgical specimens, there were 63 jaw tumors but only 16 lip lesions. Two of lip lesions alone were carcinomas. Both were (a) squamous celled, (b) associated with sunlight-induced degeneration of the dermal collagen, and (c) found in young adult albinos. Accordingly, albinism should be recognized as one of the etiologic factors in lip cancer. The appropriate preventive action is the wearing of wide-brim hats by albinos.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Blood flow increase in the human lip after high-intensity tooth stimulation is not based on cholinergic mechanisms.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether parasympathetic cholinergic pathways are involved in the regulation of orofacial blood flow. The effect of atropin (1 mg, iv.) on blood flow responses in the lower lip, nose and hand during painful tooth stimulation was studied in healthy human subjects (n=8). In all subjects, tooth stimulation caused a long lasting vasodilatation in the lower lip. During stimulation there was a transient elevation in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) concomitantly with a blood flow decrease in the finger and nose. With atropin, the pain-induced HR and BP elevations and blood flow reductions in the nose and finger were decreased. However, the pain-induced blood flow increase in the lip was not changed. This study indicates that the tooth stimulation-induced vasodilatation in the lip is not based on parasympathetic cholinergic mechanisms.

Atropine↗
PubMed2000

Lip cosmetics.

Throughout the centuries, the beauty of lips has been extolled by poets, and painters; and people in many different cultures decorate their lips. Modern cosmetics are designed not only to beautify the lips but also to moisturize and protect them from environmental hazards. Familiarity with the ingredients used in lip cosmetics is essential to recognizing and diagnosing the adverse reactions that are associated with these products.

Allergens↗
PubMed1995

Postburn deformity of lip-chin complex: a method to restore the mentolabial sulcus.

An extensive postburn deformity of the lower lip presents a difficult reconstructive problem. Efforts to reconstruct the resultant defect by conventional methods were found unsatisfactory. In a deformed lower lip, restoration of the contour of the lip with a well-defined mentolabial sulcus should be the aim of any reconstructive effort to bring aesthetic balance to the face. We describe a simple and effective method of restoring the function and form of the lip-chin complex.

Burns↗
PubMed1988

Minimal cleft lip. Comparison of associated abnormalities.

The literature relevant to minimal forms of cleft lip (CL(M)) has been reviewed. CL(M) has been defined as a cleft which does not extend past the vermilion. 20 patients with CL(M) (18 unilateral, 2 bilateral) were studied. Clinical and roentgenological findings from the lip, nose, alveolar ridge, teeth and palate were compared. All patients had some degree of nasal deformity; 13 of 15 patients had dental and 6 of 20 alveolar ridge deformities. Among 20 patients, there was 1 bifid uvula, 2 submucous cleft palate, and 1 cleft of the soft palate. 3 patients had several other abnormalities. A positive family history of clefts in relatives was noted in 2 cases. The severity of the dento-alveolar deformity did not seem to correlate with the severity of the nasal or the lip deformity, but the nasal deformity directly correlated with the lip deformity. Thus, the present CL(M) patients can be regarded as having actual clefts, although some may be normal variations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Anthropometric profile evaluation of the midface in patients with cleft lip and palate.

This study was done to determine those profile anthropometric measurements that are abnormal in the midface profile in patients with cleft lip and palate. The sample population consisted of 30 randomly selected skeletally mature white patients with cleft lip and palate who had been treated by the same team who were accredited by the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Twenty patients had unilateral and 10 had bilateral complete clefts. None of these patients had previously undergone orthognathic surgery or definitive rhinoplasty surgery. Fifteen facial anthropometric features were measured on each person's face. The result from this study showed that in patients with cleft lip and palate right versus left side differences did not exist and only four statistically significant differences existed between the unilateral and bilateral cases. However, in all patients, four of these esthetic facial features were consistently and significantly abnormal: obtuse nasofrontal angle: obtuse nasomental angle; a posteriorly positioned infraorbitale relative to globe; and an obtuse general facial angle. Several other features were abnormal in a high percentage of persons in this study. These were lack of supratip break, flat to concave paranasal contour, increased subnasale-alargroove:subnasale-pronasale ratio, decreased nasal protrusion:nasal length ratio, decreased nasolabial angle ratio, decreased maxillary length ratio, increased nasal bridge projection:nasal protrusion ratio, and deficient cheek contour. This data indicates that the major deformity in persons with adult cleft lip and palate exist in the nose and secondarily in other components of the midface.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Elephantiasis nostras of the lips: a case report.

Elephantiasis nostras (EN) is a clinical entity that usually presents as a persistent swelling of the lower extremities. It has been related to recurrent lymphangitis of bacterial origin that causes a fibrosis and thickening of both epidermal and connective tissue. Although very rare, EN has been previously reported in the lips. This is the first case reported in the oral medicine literature that describes EN involving the lips. We describe the clinical features and a differential diagnosis of the lip lesions and a treatment protocol to which this patient has responded. A diagnosis of EN should be entertained in patients with chronically edematous, scaling lip lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identifying a differential equation for lip motion.

A second order homogeneous differential equation is fitted to lip trajectories during speech at fast, normal, and slow speaking rates. The objective is to characterize lip motion in terms of biomechanical parameters such as stiffness, damping, and applied external forces. The results show that, at fast speaking rates, the lip behaves like a simple mass-spring oscillator moving at its natural frequency, and with low variability across repetitions. At slow speaking rates, on the other hand, the lip is under a stronger external control to conform to the required trajectory, which introduces a larger variability across repetitions. The case of normal rate falls between the fast and slow rate cases.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1978

Epidemiological evaluation of sunlight as a risk factor of lip cancer.

A total of 3,169 cases of lip cancer in males and 303 cases in females were diagnosed in Finland and reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry in 1953-73. The diagnosis was verified histologically in 95% of the cases in males and in 92% in females. The mean annual age-adjusted incidence rate was 7·3/10(5) in males and 0·5/10(5) in females. The annual incidence for males has decreased since the early 1960s. The decrease involved all age groups and was not due to a cohort effect. Only a very slight decrease in the risk was observable in females. The incidence was clearly higher in rural than in urban areas, the urban/rural ratio of the age-adjusted incidence rates being 0·6 for males. A decrease in the risk with time was observable for both urban and rural populations. The risk was highest in the northern and eastern parts of the country, for both urban and rural areas. It was concluded that the decrease in the incidence of lip cancer in Finland cannot be accounted for solely by the process of urbanization. An inverse relationship was found between the mean annual amount of solar radiation and the risk of lip cancer. The results are not in accordance with the theory of the association between exposure to actinic radiation and the risk of lip cancer. The synergistic action of some other factors related to outdoor occupation, and probably smoking, would provide a better explanation for the observations in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Lifestyles, environmental and phenotypic factors associated with lip cancer: a case-control study in southern Spain.

The aim of this study was to identify factors related to lip cancer (LC) considering individual characteristics and sociodemographic factors. A case-control study was carried out in the province of Granada (Andalusia, southern Spain). The cases were 105 males with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lip, diagnosed between 1987 and 1989 (aged 20-70 years) and identified by means of a population-based Cancer Registry. As controls, a randomised populational sample of 239 males, stratified by age, was used. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors are lifetime cumulative tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption. An interaction was found between alcohol consumption and the smoking habit (leaving the cigarette on the lip): OR=23.6; 95% CI: 3.9-142.0. Other risk factors identified are clear eyes (OR=3.5; CI: 95% 1.5-8.0), sun exposure early in life and cumulative sun exposure during outdoor work (OR=11.9; 95%: CI: 1.3-108.9), and skin reaction to sun exposure (Fitzpatrick levels). Another interaction was found between skin reaction and a previous history of common sporadic warts (OR=4.4; 95% CI: 1.01-19.1). We conclude that LC is related to phenotype, skin reaction to sun exposure, cumulative and early sunlight exposure, and tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as a low educational level. Leaving the cigarette on the lip is predictive of LC risk irrespective of cumulative tobacco consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of preferences in lip position using computer animated imaging.

The objectives of this study were to examine the esthetic preferences of lip position in males and females, and to compare them with each other and with a common orthodontic standard using a custom computer animation program. The sample consisted of 53 young adult subjects, 25 males and 28 females. The sample was divided into orthodontically treated and untreated subjects. ANOVA and Scheffé tests were carried out to determine differences between the responses of the various groups. Also, t-tests were used to compare subjects' responses to a commonly used orthodontic standard (Ricketts' E-line). The results indicated a sex-effect, with females preferring fuller lips than males. Significant differences were also found between orthodontically treated subjects and untreated subjects, with untreated subjects preferring fuller lips. Differences were significant at p<0.05. Furthermore, both males and females preferred lip fullness greater than the Ricketts' values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The incisor-lip relationship in Herbst/multibracket appliance treatment of Class II, Division 2 malocclusions.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of Herbst/multibracket appliance treatment on the upper incisor-lower lip relationship in the management of Class II, division 2 malocclusions. The study evaluated 19 successfully treated subjects using lateral head films analyzed at 3 occasions: before (T1) and after (T2) Herbst/multibracket appliance treatment and 1-year posttreatment (T3). The average treatment (T1-T2) changes showed (1) the lower lip overlap on the upper incisors was reduced from 6.0 mm to 4.2 mm (P < .001), (2) the upper incisors were proclined 15.3 degrees (P < .001) and the lower incisors were proclined 9.6 degrees (P < .001), (3) the overbite was reduced from 7.3 mm to 1.7 mm (P < .001), and (4) the sagittal jaw base relationship (Wits) improved from +3.5 to +0.5 mm (P < .001). The average posttreatment (T2-T3) changes showed (1) the upper incisor-lower lip relationship remained stable, (2) the upper (0.6 degrees; P < .001) and lower (2.3 degrees; P < .001) incisors retroclined, (3) the overbite increased (1.2 mm; P < .001), and (4) the sagittal jaw base relationship remained unchanged. In conclusion, it was found that the upper incisor-lower lip relationship was improved by Herbst/multibracket appliance treatment and remained stable during a 1-year posttreatment period in spite of minor relapses of incisor tooth positions and relationships.

Cephalometry↗