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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Ultrastructural and histochemical study of the neuromuscular junctions in the denervated intrinsic laryngeal muscle of the cat.

Morphological changes and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) of the normal and denervated posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA muscle) of the cat were studied. Two days after denervation, the nerve terminals at the NMJ had almost disappeared. Six weeks after denervation, intensity of AchE activity at the former junctional site (FJS) was unchanged histochemically. At this stage, primary synaptic clefts were distorted and the Schwann's cells covered the FJS. Fourteen weeks after denervation, AchE activity at the FJS had decreased in contrast to that of the non-affected side. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was also investigated at the NMJ of the normal PCA muscles immunocytochemically. The present study shows that CGRP coexists with Ach in the nerve terminals of the PCA muscles and may be involved in the regulation of the contractile function of the intrinsic laryngeal muscle.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2003

[Operative voice pitch raising in male-to-female transsexuals. A survey of our technique and results].

BACKGROUND: Transsexuality constitutes a complex,permanent transposition due to a paradoxical sense of belonging to the opposite sex. The persons concerned experience such a high degree of suffering that they strive to undergo operative sex reversal. Mainly in the case of male-to-female transsexuals this may often lead to a subsequent discrepancy between the external appearance and the character of the voice,since only a deepening of the voice can be achieved by hormonal treatment and not a raising of its pitch.Also,logopedic treatment on its own cannot,as a rule, guarantee a lasting success. In order to adapt the voice as an essential aspect of human identity to the external female appearance,a variety of phonosurgical operation techniques have been developed since the seventies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 1993 a modified cricothyroidal approximation via miniplates, following ISSHIKI's technique, has been performed at the ENT Department of the Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg. This procedure is based upon an approximation of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages resulting in an increase in the vocal cord tension. This intervention does not affect the inner structures of the larynx and is on principle reversible. Combined with a chondrolaryngoplasty it allows for a reduction of the Adam's apple. So far 57 patients have undergone this surgical intervention. Laryngoscopy, stroboscopy and a detailed voice diagnostic, as well as ultrasound and computertomographic examinations of the larynx are performed pre and postoperatively in order to record the anatomical-physiological and functional data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: So far good functional results could be achieved showing an average rise of the medium voice range by approximately one fourth. As a long-term result a permanent raising of the basic voice pitch has been reported. The majority of the patients are satisfied with the functional and cosmetic effect reporting an enhanced self-esteem.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Surgical correction of subglottic stenosis of the larynx. Clinical results of the Fearon-Cotton operation.

Thirty-five cases of subglottic stenosis were treated by one of the authors during the 6-1/2 year period January 1970 to June 1976 inclusive. Six of these failed to respond to routine management by repeated dilatation or were considered unlikely to do so. These cases were treated by a new operation, the experimental aspects of which have been previously described. Two of the six cases have been successfully extubated and two others will be so in the near future. An analysis of the problems encountered and some possible solutions are presented, as is a brief description of the operative procedure. The carbon dioxide gas laser would appear to have an important part to play in the management of glottic and subglottic webs, but its value has yet to be proven.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1980

Postcricoid pseudotumor.

Normal anatomic structures may cause filling defects in the anterior wall of the hypopharynx and upper esophagus on an esophagogram, suggestive of a mass lesion. I have called this finding postcricoid pseudotumor, to emphasize the ease with which it may misleadingly simulate a tumor mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Cricopharyngeal achalasia, exceptional cause of dysphagia in newborn (author's transl)].

Dysphagia of the newborn and the infant presents with many varied causes, neurological, malformative, turmoral or functional. Among the latter, cricopharyngeal achalasia is an exceptional entity open to discussion. Suspected as early as the first month, presenting with difficulty in swallowing with choking episodes and coughing up of food without any obvious etiology. Profile roetgengraphic studies will allow the diagnosis to be made. The characteristic sign is a round and regular posterior narrowing on the posterior wall of the esophagus (C4 - C5 level) with enlargement of the hypopharynx. This narrowing is a constant finding. This pathological entity, an absence of relaxation of the cricopharyngeus muscle during the third period of swallowing, well-known in the adult patient, has only exceptionally been described among newborn children. In the following case study, cure has only been obtained by an extra mucosal myotomy of the esophagus at the age of seven months. The discussion, considering the five cases reported in pediatric journals, covers the diagnostic elements, the physiopathology of the disease, the risks presented during evolution without treatment. Therapy must be precocious and surgical.

Child, Preschool↗