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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[A new case of congenital short small intestine with intestinal malrotation].

The 11th case of congenital short small intestine malrotation is described. Its clinical features associated diarrheic episodes and subobstructive symptoms. Recovery suggests that the functional adaptation of congenital and surgically-induced short small intestine may have the same quality. Neither anatomical (presence or absence of pyloric hypertrophy) nor clinical variants (obstructive and diarrheic forms) challenge the nosologic unicity of this syndrome, whose genetic character is unquestionable in most cases.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of betaine and salinomycin on intestinal absorption of methionine and glucose and on the ultrastructure of intestinal cells and parasite developmental stages in chicks infected with Eimeria acervulina.

The effect of betaine and salinomycin on absorption of methionine and glucose in tissue from the duodenal loops of Eimeria acervulina-infected chicks was determined. Differences in the ultrastructure of the intestinal cells and parasite developmental stages were also examined. With a drug-resistant isolate of E. acervulina, methionine absorption was significantly higher in chicks fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.15% betaine as compared with absorption in chicks fed the unsupplemented basal diet. Addition of 66 ppm salinomycin to the diet containing betaine did not further enhance absorption. Conversely, with a drug-sensitive isolate, methionine absorption was significantly higher in chicks fed a diet supplemented with both betaine and salinomycin than in chicks fed the unsupplemented basal diet. Tissue from chicks fed any of the supplemented diets was usually significantly heavier than that from chicks fed the unsupplemented diet, even when weight gains of the birds were similar. Glucose absorption was similar in all diet groups. Epithelial cells in coccidia-infected and uninfected chicks fed diets supplemented with betaine or betaine plus salinomycin were less electron dense than cells from chicks fed diets that were not supplemented with betaine. Merozoites of E. acervulina in chicks fed diets supplemented with salinomycin had extensive membrane disruption and vacuolization, but the damage was prevented when betaine was added to the diet. Numerous merozoites and intact schizonts were seen in the intestinal lumen of chicks fed the diet containing betaine plus salinomycin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Transit-slowing anastomosis by 180 degree axial rotation of the upper intestinal segment after massive resection of the small intestine. Preliminary note on an experimental study in the adult dog].

After massive resection of 85 p. cent of the small intestine in the dog, there occurs diarrhoea and malabsorption. These consequences may be palliated by an oblique end-to-end anastomosis with 180 rotation on the intestinal axis of the jejunal sugment above in relation to the ileal segment below. The authors noted slowing of the transit in the 10 operated dogs. The experimental conditions and the results obtained suggest that the technic may be applicable in man.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Children with intestinal failure as candidates for intestinal transplantation].

Small bowel is not anymore considered a forbidden organ for transplantation, and intestinal transplantation (IT) is currently used as a therapeutic option in selected cases of permanent intestinal failure (PIF). Nevertheless, the experience is still scarce, and despite recent improvements, IT is nowadays only accepted as a life-saving option. However, small children are prone to suffer complications related to TPN, particularly end stage liver disease; moreover, suitable donor for the small baby who needs an IT is seldom available. Subsequently, a high pretransplantation mortality has been reported in the pediatric series. In those cases, the indication of IT shouldn't be delayed, and these children must be referred early for IT. Since we started our IT program, 17 children have been assessed, and 3 are currently on the waiting list; two for combined liver-small bowel transplantation (LSB), both with short bowel syndrome and end stage liver disease, and one patient with microuvillous dysplasia for isolated IT (indication loss of venous access). 3 children were referred too late and died, so did a fourth patient, candidate for LSB, before he could be transplanted.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide inhibits pacemaker activity via the nitric oxide-cGMP-protein kinase G pathway in the interstitial cells of Cajal of the murine small intestine.

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells that activate the periodic spontaneous depolarization (pacemaker potentials) responsible for the production of slow waves in gastrointestinal smooth muscle. The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on the pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs from murine small intestine were investigated by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Addition of VIP (50 nM-1 microM) decreased the amplitude of pacemaker potentials and depolarized resting membrane potentials. To examine the type of receptors involved in ICC, we examined the effects of the VIP1 agonist and found that it had no effect on pacemaker potentials. Pretreatment with VIP1 antagonist (1 microM) for 10 min also did not block the VIP (50 nM)-induced effects. On the other hand exposure to 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-A)quinoxalin- 1-one (ODQ, 100 microM), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, prevented VIP inhibition of pacemaker potentials. Similarly KT-5823 (1 microM) or RP-8-CPT-cGMPS (10 microM), inhibitors of protein kinase G (PKG) blocked the effect of VIP (50 nM) on pacemaker potentials as did N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA, 100 mM), a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. These results imply that the inhibition of pacemaker activity by VIP depends on the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Morphological characteristics of the small intestine and translocation of intestinal microflora in the post-resuscitation period].

Morphologic investigations were studied in rats during 1-3 hours after clinical death of the acute hemorrhage. The combination of morphologic and microbiologic methods obtained allow to describe the destruction of intestine wall and translocation of bacteria in the tissue and organs. In 3 days after clinical death the structure of small intestine regenerates, but the vital bacteria were isolated in the tissues and organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Endocrine cells of the small intestine in experimental strangulated intestinal obstruction].

In experiment on 25 cats reproducing small intestinal obstruction it has been established that the number of endocrine cells (EC) and the degree of their saturation with secretory granules increase in 3 and 6 h after the experiment. These indices decrease by 12 and 25 h after the experiment. The results obtained enable to reveal the EC participation in acute intestinal obstruction pathogenesis and to suppose the influence of released serotonin by paracrine way on mucous membrane as well as distant action on peristalsis and blood flow through intramural nerve plexus.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1989

[Motility disorders of the small intestine in functional intestinal disorders].

Functional digestive disorders have their origin in disturbances of the digestive motility control. This control ensured primarily by the "gut brain", which is able to integrate sensitive information from mucosal receptors and to organize an appropriate motor response from a choice of predetermined "programs". The gut brain is in close relationship with the central nervous system (CNS) which collects in fact most of the information and modulates the sensitive integration and the motor response of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Thus, a perturbation of the CNS, such as stress, may induce a dysfunctioning of the ENS, resulting in motor disturbances and finally functional digestive disorders. In a first study involving fasting healthy volunteers, we showed that stress produces a significant reduction of the intestinal migrating motor complexes (MMC). In a second study, patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were subjected to stress and compared to patients with inflammatory bowel disease and to healthy controls. All subjects exhibited a decrease of MMC; however, total depletion was observed in numerous IBS patients, together with a characteristic irregular motor activity which was associated with symptoms. Finally, 24-hour recordings of the intestinal motility in these patients showed an entirely normal pattern during sleep and when abnormalities just awakening in association with symptoms. Stress-induced perturbation of the CNS in IBS patients seems to provoke an inappropriate modulation of the motor activity programmed by the ENS, resulting in motor disturbances and finally in the symptoms of the disease.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed1989

[Acute intestinal obstruction caused by congenital intestinal abnormalities].

By means of two examples--one in pregnancy, the other one after an abdominal hysterectomy--we report on a rare cause of an acute mechanical ileus. In both cases an incomplete intestinal turn with distinct mobility of the colon caused a volvulus. It is pointed to the importance of an early diagnosis inspite of aggravating circumstances in late pregnancy, parturition and postoperatively after gynecologic operations. Effective operative treatment is based on careful exploration of the abdomen in order not to overlook rare causes of an ileus, among those also fetal developmental disturbances of the intestine and other abdominal viscera. Only by operative removing of the causes of an ileus in cooperation with surgeons--and that in good time--the results in gynecology can be improved especially during pregnancy but also postoperatively.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Ileus of the small intestine caused by intestinal anisakiasis (herring worm disease)].

Two cases of anisaciasis caused by eating of improperly prepared herrings which were infested with larval nematodes are reported. The acute type with a stenosing process in the small intestinal wall existed in both cases which resulted in an ileus. Therapy was resection of the affected intestinal part with end-to-end-anastomosis. The morphological proof of larval nematodes, which penetrate from lumen into the eosinophilic granulomata, pseudotumours and eosinophilic microabscesses are important histological findings. It should be considered the possibility of a herring worm disease in the case of an acute abdomen caused by an inflammatory small bowel stenosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Disaccharidases and peptidases of intestinal mucosa after experimental subtotal small intestinal resection with and without retardation of the passage].

Several operating methods for retardation of the passage were compared together after resection of 75% of the mid-small-bowel for preventing a malabsorption syndrome. Morphologic and enzyme-histochemical findings of the intestinal mucosa allow conclusions on the absorptive capacity of the residual intestine. The investigations were carried out one year after the operation. The lay-out of an antiperistaltic segment for the surgical therapy of the short bowel syndrome appears specially suitable after the results of this investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Immediate endoscopic placement of long intestinal tube in partial obstruction of the small intestine.

A technique that allows for endoscopic placement of a long intestinal tube with an inflatable balloon well beyond the pylorus is described. This procedure has been successful in 24 patients; is well tolerated; removes air and fluid from the stomach, duodenum and upper part of the jejunum, and can be performed in less than 45 minutes. It uses equipment that is standard in all hospitals and can be performed by anyone experienced in performing endoscopy of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is safe, easy to perform and improves the efficacy of long tube decompression and, therefore, can be recommended in properly selected patients, with partial obstruction of the small intestine.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1986

[Histophysiologic aspects of the remnant intestine of rats subjected to partial resection of the small intestine].

The effect of small bowel resection on the morphology, mucous secretion and alkaline phosphatase activity of the remnant intestine was studied five months after surgical operation. Distal small bowel resection produced hyperplasia and infiltration of lymphocytes. The intestinal neutral and acid mucosubstances, and the alkaline phosphatase activity were increased in resected animals, whilst the sulphomucins content of goblet cells was unaltered. The serum alkaline phosphatase activity two and five months after resection was also increased.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Effects of amphotericin B and cholera toxin on intestinal transport in the rat. An in vivo model for the effects of dihydroxy bile acids and fatty acids on intestinal transport.

In vivo perfusion experiments were performed in the rat jejunum and colon to test the hypothesis that the changes in intestinal solute transport induced by dihydroxy bile acids and fatty acids are the result of the combined effects of fluid secretion and enhancement of mucosal permeability. The hypothesis predicts that absorption of organic solutes will be reduced in inverse relationship to the absorption rates under control conditions and that absorption of small, nonabsorbable solutes such as mannitol will be enhanced by these agents. Fluid secretion was induced either by administering cholera toxin or by increasing the osmolality of the perfusion solution to 365 mOsm/L. Permeability was enhanced by adding amphotericin B, 50 micrograms/ml, to the perfusion solutions. The isotonic perfusion solutions contained 11.2 mM glucose and 4 mM triethylene, tetraethylene, pentaethylene, and hexaethylene glycol or mannitol as probes of passive permeability. In the jejunum cholera toxin induced fluid and electrolyte secretion and reduced organic solute absorption to a small but significant degree (p less than 0.05). Amphotericin B alone enhanced absorption of organic solutes, water, and electrolytes (p less than 0.01). In the presence of fluid secretion induced by an osmotic load, only absorption of triethylene and pentaethylene glycol was reduced. Addition of amphotericin B after exposure to cholera toxin or to the hypertonic solutions resulted in a further significant reduction of absorption of glucose and ethylene glycols (p less than 0.05). The combination of amphotericin B and cholera toxin resulted in enhanced absorption of mannitol (p less than 0.02). Similarly, 5 mM deoxycholate enhanced jejunal absorption of mannitol (p less than 0.01) and reduced the absorption of glucose and the low-molecular-weight ethylene glycols (p less than 0.01). In the colon the administration of amphotericin B after the exposure to cholera toxin resulted in enhanced absorption of glucose (p less than 0.05) in spite of continuing fluid secretion. The combination of fluid secretion and enhancement of mucosal permeability, therefore, reproduced all in vivo effects of bile acids and fatty acids on intestinal transport of organic solutes.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1978

Alterations in intestinal structure, fat absorption and body weight after intestinal bypass for morbid obesity.

Eleven patients underwent jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Serial intestinal biopsies were obtained prior to, and at timed intervals following, operation in both fasted and fat-fed states. Villus height increased asymptotically, reaching a plateau one year after operation, with an increase of 80 per cent in mean villus length. The postbypass body weight reached a plateau at 63.9 per cent of initial body weight and correlated linearly with villus height following an asymptotic curvilinear course. The time required to attain 90 per cent of total body weight loss was 15.9 months. A study of intestinal fat absorption at both the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels showed that the enlarged villi are lined along the entire villus by functionally mature epithelium capable of transporting lipid. Villus hypertrophy is an important mechanism in the plateauing of weight loss after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the histogenesis of the tunica mucosa of the small and large intestines of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). I. Histogenesis of the small intestinal mucosa.

The histogenesis of the small intestinal mucosa passes through a previllous stage, comprising development until the formation of villi (at a C RL of about 15 cm), and a villous stage, comprising the further development. In the previllous stage, the mucosa consists of a Lamina epithelialis made up of undifferentiated cells with stratified nuclei and a Lamina propria/submucosa made up of homogeneous mesenchyme. The villi appear as luminal epithelial outgrowths associated with vascularized mesenchymal stalks and their growth advances in a cranio-caudal direction. The intestinal glands were firstly observed at the 26 cm-stage as downgrowths of the intervillous epithelium into the underlying mesenchyme.

Animals↗