Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “INSEMINATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Equine seminal plasma reduces sperm binding to polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and improves the fertility of fresh semen inseminated into inflamed uteri.

Seminal plasma (SP) is known to have immunosuppressive properties in several species. Equine SP has been reported to reduce or inhibit chemotaxis, phagocytosis and complement activity in vitro. The type and amount of the SP component that suppresses sperm-polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) binding in vitro was determined, and the effect of such suppression on the fertility of mares inseminated in the presence of uterine inflammation, was analyzed. Sperm cells were suspended in either SP, semen extender or a mixture of both, and each was mixed with PMN-rich uterine secretions collected at 12 h after artificial insemination (AI). SP reduced binding between spermatozoa and PMNs significantly (P < 0.05). Fertile spermatozoa were suspended in SP or semen extender and used to inseminate mares 12 h after the induction of uterine inflammation. The pregnancy rate was normal (77%) when spermatozoa were suspended in SP, but was dramatically reduced to only 5% when spermatozoa were suspended in extender. The proteins from SP, blood plasma (BP) and a skim-milk-based semen extender (skim milk extender, SME) were precipitated by ammonium sulfate, resuspended in PBS and dialyzed. The effect of the precipitated proteins on sperm-PMN binding was compared with fresh, untreated SP. Both fresh SP, and isolated SP proteins reduced sperm-PMN binding (P < 0.001). Conversely, proteins isolated from either BP or SME did not reduce sperm-PMN binding. The different concentrations of SP proteins used showed a dose-dependent suppression of sperm-PMN binding. Concentrations of 1 mg/ml SP protein significantly reduced sperm-PMN binding and 6 mg/ml reduced the binding to a level similar to that observed with fresh whole SP (P < 0.001). Finally, SP protein digested with proteinase K resulted in the complete loss of SP suppressive activity confirming that the effective component is a proteinaceous substance.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Delayed insemination results in embryo mortality in a brooding ascidian.

We explored the effects of temporal variation in sperm availability on fertilization and subsequent larval development in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, a brooding hermaphrodite that has a sexual cycle linked to an asexual zooid replacement cycle. We developed a method to quantify the timing of events early in this cycle, and then isolated colonies before the start of the cycle and inseminated them at various times. Colony-wide fertilization levels (assayed by early cleavage) increased from zero to 100% during the period when the siphons of a new generation of zooids were first opening, and remained high for 24 h before slowly declining over the next 48 h. Because embryos are brooded until just before the zooids degenerate at the end of a cycle, delayed fertilization might also affect whether embryos can complete development within the cycle. Consequently, we also determined the effect of delayed insemination on successful embryo development through larval release and metamorphosis. When fertilization was delayed beyond the completion of siphon opening, there was an exponential decline in the percentage of eggs that ultimately produced a metamorphosed larva at the end of the cycle. Thus, even though the majority of oocytes can be fertilized when insemination is delayed for up to 48 h, the resulting embryos cannot complete development before the brooding zooids degenerate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of varying inseminating sperm concentration in male factor and non-male factor infertility during in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of varying inseminating sperm concentrations on fertilization rates and polyspermy in human in vitro fertilization (IVF). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six couples who completed 107 consecutive IVF cycles were assigned to one of three groups according to the results of their semen analysis (SA), sperm penetration assay (SPA), and titers of antisperm antibodies (ASA). Group 1 (non-male factor) had normal results for SA, SPA and ASA; group 2 had one abnormal result; and group 3 had two or more abnormal results. Inseminating concentrations of 50,000, 250,000, or 500,000 progressively motile sperm/oocyte were prospectively assigned to groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of polyspermy and fertilization rates. RESULTS: A total of 992 oocytes were available for analysis. The fertilization rate of 61% for non-male factor patient (group 1) was significantly higher than for male-factor patients [group 2 (48%) and group 3 (43%; P < .01)]. The incidence of polyspermy was 3.3%, 5.5%, and 0% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and did not differ significantly between the non-male factor and male factor groups (P = .16). Polyspermic fertilization was increased in both mature (4.1%) and postmature (5.7%) as compared to immature oocytes (1.4%; P < .05). CONCLUSION: In male factor infertile couples, increasing the inseminating concentration to 250,000 or 500,000 motile sperm/oocyte does not result in an increase in the incidence of polyspermy but does not improve fertilization rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

On genetic screening of donors for artificial insemination.

Reliable information on the frequency of birth defects in children conceived by artificial insemination is lacking and should be collected. Genetic screening of donors for artificial insemination is recommended, and guidelines are proposed. These consider the kinds of disorder in the presumptive donor, or his relatives, that would preclude his use as a donor, and the steps to be taken with relatives, that would preclude his use as a donor, and the steps to be taken with respect to genetic counseling if a defective baby is born following the procedure.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1988

Monitoring of artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination (ADI) has been carried out with donor semen since 1984. Following artificial insemination 14 women out of 27 became pregnant in 1984, 30 women out of 57 in 1985 and 33 women out of 56 until October 1, 1986. The cycles were monitored. Serum LH and oestradiol levels were determined every day from the 10th day of the cycle. Follicle size was monitored daily and cervical mucus was also examined every day. LH reaches the highest level at the time of ovulation. 17-Beta-oestradiol level increases parallel with the growth of follicle. Follicular growth can be best monitored by ultrasound folliculometry, providing 50-60% effectiveness.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Homologous artificial insemination. A reappraisal.

Homologous artificial insemination (AIH), with the use of a split-ejaculate technique, was performed in 62 couples following a complete infertility investigation. Fifty per cent of all men had a sperm count less than 50 million per milliliter and 80 per cent had sperm motility less than 50 per cent. More important, 85 per cent of the initial semen samples had greater than 40 per cent abnormal forms and liquefaction was delayed beyond 20 minutes in 67 per cent of specimen. The pregnancy rate for the 28 women who underwent the prescribed course of six or more inseminations was 46.4 per cent, for the group of 60 who received split-ejaculate AIH, 21.6 per cent; and for the entire group of 62 couples, 24.2 per cent. In the split-ejaculate group 50 per cent of the pregnancies resulted in first-trimester abortions. It is suggested that the pregnancy wastage in these couples might be due to male factors.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

A study of the relationship of motile sperm numbers in cervical mucus 48 hours after artificial insemination with subsequent fertility.

The records of 159 women who underwent 561 cycles of donor insemination (AID) in the UCD artificial insemination program were analyzed in a study of the relationship of the numbers of motile sperm seen in the cervical mucus 48 hours after AID with subsequent fertility. The numbers of motile sperm were expressed on an integral rank scale (0 to 8). A relationship between the results and subsequent fertility was demonstrated. The distribution of the data on sperm numbers for fertile and infertile cycles were qualitatively and quantitatively different. The latter were consistently skewed toward low values, while the former were not. Overall, mean values were higher for conception cycles. Selective grouping of women to eliminate factors that could potentially have an adverse influence on fertility, such as pelvic abnormality, oligoovulation, or prior pelvic operation, increased the overall conception rate. However, they did not influence the relationship between low and high motile sperm numbers and subsequent conception.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Therapeutic insemination with fresh semen.

[Beginning of abstract missing from journal] were studied. Every female patient presented normal ovulation, tubal patency and morphologic and functional integrity of her genital tract. Their husbands presented normal spermogram in 45 cases (23.4%), oligospermy in 145 (75.5%) and azoospermy in 2 (0.96%). The number of the inseminations ranged from 1 to 10 series, in each of which a daily trial was attempted, three times every other day in the ovulatory period. The insemination technique included vaginal, intracervical and intra-uterine deposition of homologous fresh semen. The results expressed in terms of pregnancy achieved rates of 28.12% with 24.07% abortions.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

A survey of patient attitudes towards artificial insemination by donor.

The psychological characteristics of a consecutive series (n = 58) of women attending an AID clinic have been examined. Women were assessed prior to treatment on a number of attitudinal and acceptability measures, as well as required to complete personality and martial adjustment inventories. At the time of each insemination, over 6 successive cycles, state anxiety was assessed. Following an interval of 6 months women were reassessed on an acceptability measure. The results showed generally positive attitudes at the outset. No systematic trends in anxiety were identified, with no differences between women becoming pregnant and those continuing in treatment. At follow-up women acknowledged the strain involved in timing the insemination to coincide with ovulation, with both pregnant and nonpregnant women attributing outcome to their psychological and emotional state at the time. The implications of these results are considered in terms of the characteristics of women requesting AID and the ways in which clinics can attend to the psychological states of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

In vitro sperm capacitation and transcervical intrauterine insemination for the treatment of refractory infertility: phase I.

Fourteen couples with long-standing infertility, associated with cervical mucus insufficiency, male subfertility, or unexplained infertility, participated in a therapeutic trial. The female partners, who were all ovulatory, were given human menopausal gonadotropin from day 2 of the menstrual cycle (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation). When plasma estradiol concentrations reached 1000 to 2000 pg/ml, human chorionic gonadotropin was given. Approximately 32 hours and again 70 hours thereafter, a masturbation specimen of the husband's sperm was capacitated in vitro and inseminated transcervically into the uterine cavity. Five women (35%) conceived following a single cycle of treatment. Four of the pregnancies are currently progressing normally; one ended in a spontaneous miscarriage in the early first trimester. The potential role of in vitro sperm capacitation and transcervical intrauterine insemination in the treatment of refractory infertility unrelated to female organic pelvic disease is discussed.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1986

Intrauterine insemination for infertility due to cystic fibrosis.

Mild CF is not associated with increased obstetric risk to patients or offspring. These patients can be identified on the basis of Shwachman-Kulczycki scores, nutritional status, normal chest x-ray and pulmonary function tests, normal lung volumes, and mild to moderate airway obstruction. Spontaneous pregnancy has been achieved in women with CF, but they appear to have a decreased fertility. One possible cause in mild disease is a cervical factor due to abnormal viscous mucus. This mucus has been shown to fail to hydrate, and at midcycle contains less than 80% water, whereas 93% to 96% hydration appears to be necessary for sperm migration. Cyclic electrolyte changes in cervical mucus are not noted in CF patients, and sodium concentration in dry residue at midcycle is 10% of normal. Intrauterine insemination with a washed sperm fraction offers a theoretically safe method of bypassing this barrier. Preliminary data have revealed that this may be a useful therapy in other cases of infertility in which the abnormality is an unexplained, negative postcoital test. CF patients should be carefully evaluated and advised of risks before becoming pregnant. In cases of mild CF in which no factor for infertility exists other than consistently abnormal cervical mucus, intrauterine insemination with washed motile sperm may be beneficial. We believe this to be the first case of a CF patient successfully treated in this manner.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intrauterine insemination with husband's washed sperm.

Methods used for artificial insemination with the husband's semen (AIH) have undergone continuous revision in the hope of increasing the pregnancy rates obtained. We report our methodology using technology developed for in vitro fertilization to prepare sperm for intrauterine insemination. Our overall pregnancy rate is 30%. In this preliminary study several parameters are compared with the pregnancy rates achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intracervical versus intrauterine insemination: correlation of outcome with antecedent postcoital testing.

Thirty-four infertile women alternated cycles of intracervical insemination (ICI) with whole ejaculate homologous semen (mean, 3.2 cycles/patient) versus intrauterine insemination (IUI) with washed sperm (mean, 3.4 cycles/patient). Twenty of the 34 women had prior postcoital tests consistently demonstrating less than or equal to 3 motile sperm per high-powered field (HPF). Six of those 20 conceived during IUI cycles (30.0%); 0 conceived during ICI cycles (P = 0.06, Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test). The pregnancy rate per IUI cycle was 6/72 (8.3%), compared with 0/66 (0.0%) per ICI cycle, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.04, Fisher's exact chi-square test). Fourteen of 34 women had prior postcoital tests consistently demonstrating greater than or equal to 5 motile sperm per HPF. One of the 14 conceived during an IUI cycle (7.1%), and 2 conceived during ICI cycles (14.3%), a difference that was not significant. The pregnancy rate per IUI cycle was 1/42 (2.4%), compared with 2/42 (4.8%) per ICI cycle (not significant). IUI may be helpful in the management of infertility associated with relatively poor postcoital tests (less than or equal to 3 motile sperm per HPF) but not with relatively good postcoital tests (greater than or equal to 5 motile sperm per HPF).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intrauterine insemination does and clomiphene citrate does not improve fecundity in couples with infertility due to male or idiopathic factors: a prospective, randomized, controlled study.

In the present prospective study we compared, in terms of pregnancy rates, the differences between intrauterine insemination (IUI) of in vitro capacitated husband's semen and timed natural intercourse in spontaneous or clomiphene citrate (CC) stimulated cycles. A rapid urinary luteinizing hormone peak detection test was used for timing of ovulation. Forty patients suffering from longstanding infertility of male (n = 17), cervical (n = 2), and idiopathic (n = 21) origin were randomly assigned into four distinct treatment modalities during 4 consecutive cycles. A total of 132 cycles were analyzed. In 35 cycles treated with CC plus IUI, five conceptions were achieved, whereas three pregnancies occurred in 32 inseminated spontaneous cycles. Only 1 patient conceived after timed intercourse in 31 CC stimulated cycles, and no pregnancy resulted from 34 spontaneous cycles combined with timed intercourse. There was a statistically significant higher conception rate in cycles in which IUI was performed, whereas the use of CC does not seem to improve the pregnancy rate. Analysis of results for other modifying factors did not substantially affect the relative risk (odds ratio) of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Semen quality before and after processing by a swim-up method: relationship to outcome of intrauterine insemination.

Twenty-five couples with normal semen analyses and postcoital tests of less than or equal to 3 motile sperm/high-power field were treated by intrauterine insemination (IUI) with sperm prepared by a swim-up method. Eight women conceived (32%). Influence of semen parameters both before and after swim-up, patient age, and duration of infertility on outcome of IUI was assessed with logistic discriminant analysis. The percent motility of sperm after swim-up allowed significant differentiation of pregnant and nonpregnant patients (P = 0.0009). For patients with greater than 79% motility after swim-up, discrimination provided by post-swim-up motility (P = 0.0063) was enhanced by inclusion in the analysis of either total number of motile sperm used for insemination (P = 0.0021) or sperm concentration after swim-up (P = 0.0019), Predictions of nonpregnancy and pregnancy were correct at rates of 93.3 and 70%, respectively. There were no significant differences between semen parameters of conception and nonconception cycles of patients who conceived.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of refractory infertility by transcervical intrauterine insemination of washed spermatozoa.

One hundred thirteen couples with either male factor, cervical factor, endometriosis, or idiopathic infertility of at least 3 years' duration were treated by intrauterine insemination (IUI) of washed motile sperm. Of the 68 women who became pregnant or completed at least three cycles of insemination, the overall pregnancy rate was 38.2%, with a mean of 1.7 treatment cycles per pregnancy. The average pregnancy rate per treatment cycle was 11.4%. Women who did not become pregnant underwent an average of 4.7 treatment cycles. Importantly, only two pregnancies occurred independent of treatment in 113 couples. In the male factor group, the pregnancy rate was 42.9% (n = 21). In women with a cervical factor, 34.5% became pregnant (n = 29); in idiopathic infertile couples or women suffering from endometriosis, there was a pregnancy rate of 38.9% (n = 18). The presence of sperm antibodies in either the male or female partner significantly lowered the pregnancy rate (6.7%) when compared with couples without sperm antibodies (50.0%). The authors conclude from these observations that IUI with washed sperm is a successful mode of therapy, especially in the case of males with asthenozoospermia.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Unexplained infertility--the value of Pergonal superovulation combined with intrauterine insemination.

Sixty-two women with unexplained infertility were studied. Fifteen (group 1) had timed intrauterine insemination (IUI), 25 (group 2) were treated by Pergonal (Serono Laboratories, Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, England) superovulation, and 22 (group 3) underwent Pergonal superovulation combined with IUI. Where Pergonal treatment was followed by insemination, a significantly greater pregnancy rate per cycle (P less than 0.05) was achieved, whether this group of patients was compared with those treated by IUI alone or with those treated with Pergonal alone. Moreover, the pregnancy rate in group 3 was comparable to that reported following gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). The authors therefore suggest this form of treatment for patients with unexplained infertility prior to their referral to the more invasive procedure of GIFT.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pregnancies after ultrasound-guided fallopian insemination with cryostored donor semen.

Twenty-nine patients, previously treated unsuccessfully with a median 9.5 cycles of conventional intracervical donor insemination, were offered fallopian catheterization on the side of the dominant follicle and direct insemination at the presumed site of fertilization, the ampullary-isthmic junction. Forty-five of 50 cycles were associated with successful tubal catheterization and 6 of these cycles were conceptional. Five viable intrauterine pregnancies resulted. We conclude: (1) that direct sperm transfer to the fallopian tubes is possible without the need for anesthesia or operation; and (2) that at the time of ovulation, the fallopian tube isthmus can be catheterized without later interfering with ovum or embryo transport to the uterus. Optimum timing for fallopian catheterization in relation to ovulation and the risk of side effects both remain to be established.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗