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PubMed1987

Pavlovian analysis of interactions between hunger and thirst.

In four experiments we examined the effect of an irrelevant drive on classical conditioning with food and water. In the first experiment the irrelevant drive weakened the conditioned response in extinction. In Experiments 2 and 3, this suppressive effect was found also in acquisition. Furthermore, the presence of an irrelevant drive during nonreinforced presentations of the conditioned stimulus was found to protect the conditioned response from extinction. Experiment 4 showed that the depressive effect of the irrelevant drive is manifested only when the relevant drive is present. Taken together, these results suggest that an irrelevant drive can influence conditioned responding by modulating the representation of the unconditioned stimulus.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hunger.

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Developing Countries↗
PubMed1985

Relationship of hunger, use of a shopping list and obesity to food purchases.

Shopping with a list and shopping after a meal are two commonly employed behavioral weight loss guidelines designed to reduce food purchases and therefore food consumption. A survey of 596 female shoppers, which analyzed purchases on the basis of caloric value, failed to support either of these guidelines. Analysis of kilocalories (kcal) purchased indicated that overweight shoppers purchased more total kcal, with a greater percentage of their kcal coming from fat and correspondingly lower percentage of kcal coming from carbohydrates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of gastric mechanoreceptor function in the regulation of behaviour patterns induced with thirst or hunger in rats.

In the experiments carried out on 94 rats the role of the function of gastric mechanoreceptors in the regulation of food and water intake was studied. We tried to assess whether this mechanoreception could serve as reinforcement in the induction of an instrumental feeding reflex. Distension of the stomach with a balloon inhibited significantly food intake in free consumption as well as in the instrumental reflex. On the other hand, no such effect was observed on water intake. The trial of development of an instrumental food reflex reinforced with stomach distension gave a negative result. The obtained results are explained as due to an ontogenetically fixed specific mode of food and water intake, and a modified concept of reduction-drive of reinforcement as proposed by Konorski is tentatively suggested for this explanation.

Animals↗