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PubMed1997

Further characterization of HLA homozygous typing cell lines at the LMP2 polymorphic codon 60 by an ARMS typing method.

LMP2 is a subunit of the 20S proteasome within the cellular cytosolic compartment that is thought to cleave proteins into approximately 9 amino acid long oligopeptides. It is hypothesized that changes in the low molecular mass protease (LMP) gene sequence may alter the activity or specificity in which the LMP genes cleave peptides. Currently, the typing method for LMP2 involves polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction enzyme digestion, and gel electrophoresis. To help reduce the cost and cumbersomeness of this method, a new typing method was adapted for the LMP2 gene. To establish this new amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) typing method, primers have been defined, amplification conditions optimized, and control cell lines sequenced to validate testing parameters. Results are listed for selected 10th and 11th International Histocompatibility Workshop homozygous cell lines.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1998

Human melanoma cells transfected with the B7-2 co-stimulatory molecule induce tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro.

Neoplastic cells express tumor-associated antigens, but tumor rejection seldom occurs in vivo. The absence of an effective immune response may be explained by the inability of tumor cells to deliver co-stimulatory signals. Indeed, transfection of either B7-1 or B7-2 co-stimulatory molecules into mouse tumor cells enhances antitumor immune responses. In this study, we stably transfected human melanoma cells with the cDNA encoding the B7-2 molecule to evaluate in vitro: (i) the induction of anti-melanoma cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by stimulation of CD8+ T cells, purified from healthy donors and a melanoma patient, with B7-2 transfected allogeneic HLA-matched melanoma cells; (ii) the tumor specificity and the HLA restriction of the induced CTL; and (iii) the feasibility to propagate long-term antimelanoma CTL lines. We found that B7-2 transfected, but not untransfected or mock-transfected, melanoma cells activated MHC-class I-restricted, melanoma-specific CD8+ CTL from healthy donors. More importantly, CD8+ tumor-associated lymphocytes, purified from a tumor-invaded lymph node of a melanoma patient and stimulated with B7-2-transfected melanoma cells, acquired a strong reactivity toward the autologous tumor. CTL lines with specific cytolytic activity could be propagated in long-term culture. These results indicate that: (i) the expression of the B7-2 molecule into human melanoma cells makes them immunogenic and able to act as antigen-presenting cells and (ii) purified CD8+ cells, stimulated with B7-2+ allogeneic HLA-matched melanoma cells, preferentially recognize melanoma-specific rather than allogeneic antigens. This study may have clinical implications for passive and/or active immunotherapy in melanoma patients.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1982

The major histocompatibility complex of outbred chickens. I. Analysis of the B13 haplotype by serology and cellular reactions.

The F antigens, which are serologically defined Class I gene products of the major histocompatibility complex in chickens (the B complex), were analysed in outbred birds. Private specificities of the F13 antigen from the inbred CC strain were detected in 20 outbred chickens by a haemagglutination technique. In the GVH-inhibition-release test F13 antigens from outbred and inbred chickens were identical. The L antigens, which are the Class II antigens of the B complex, were detected with specific anti L13 alloantisera by indirect immunofluorescence. Antisera defining the L13 antigen(s) of the inbred CC line reacted with all F13 positive outbreds. As a test of one-way direct compatibility of the inbred and outbred animals typing F13, graft versus host reactions were performed, injecting blood of F13 positive outbreds into inbred B13/13 eggs. No GVH stimulation attributable to MHC determinants was found. In MLR, responder cells from outbred MHC heterozygous chickens, which typed F13/x, were stimulated by inbred F13/13 homozygous typing cells, and weak, but significant, reactions were found. Further analysis in the accompanying paper, however, revealed no difference in the lymphocyte activating determinants (Lads) of inbred and outbred birds typing F13 and L13. No individual has yet been found which carries one of these antigens in the absence of the other.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Adoptive transfer of tumor immunity between twins by in vitro immunized nodal macrophages and lymphocytes: reversal of serum enhancement.

The lymphocytes and serum of a nonidentical twin male with advanced colon cancer were evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of autologous tumor cells. The patient's serum enhanced autologous tumor cell growth. Three siblings including an HL-A matched grade A female twin underwent similar studies. Benign lymph nodes of the twins and one sibling were evaluated for the ability of nodal macrophages to be sensitized to the patient's tumor antigen. The male twin patient received intralymphatically in vitro sensitized nodal macrophages and lymphocytes from the female twin donor. Thirty days after treatment the patient's lymphocytes and serum inhibited the growth of autologous tumor cells.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Evaluation of potential liver living donors. Logistic and financial aspects].

INTRODUCTION: The increasing shortage of cadaveric organs makes living-related liver transplantation a more and more important option. Safety for the donor has the highest priority, and therefore detailed and thorough evaluation is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All potential donors who had been evaluated at our center from January 2001 to March 2002 ( n=100) were included in a retrospective study to analyse the qualitative, logistical, and economic aspects of the evaluation. RESULTS: Seventy-three percent of the potential donors were found to be unsuitable for living donation during the evaluation process. The main reasons were: uncompatible blood group, availability of cadaveric transplant by Eurotransplant, steatosis of more than 10% of hepatocytes in liver biopsy, insufficient liver volume, and psychosocial reasons. The expenditure for all scheduled investigations was 4,469 euro for a complete evaluation. CONCLUSION: While on the one hand, high standards of the evaluation process must be guaranteed, insufficient reimbursement on the other should not lead centers to reduce either quantity or quality of necessary examinations entered in the evaluation protocol.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III genetics in two Amerindian tribes from southern Brazil: the Kaingang and the Guarani.

Population genetic studies of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region, comprising C2, BF and C4 phenotypes, and molecular genetic data are rarely available for populations other than Caucasoids. We have investigated three Amerindian populations from Southern Brazil: 131 Kaingang from Ivaí (KIV), 111 Kaingang (KRC) and 100 Guarani (GRC) from Rio das Cobras. Extended MHC haplotypes were derived after standard C2, BF, C4 phenotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with TaqI, together with HLA data published previously by segregation analysis. C2 and BF frequencies corresponded to other Amerindian populations. C4B*Q0 frequency was high in the GRC (0.429) but low in the Kaingang. Unusual C4 alleles were found, viz. C4A*58, A*55 and C4B*22 (presumably non-Amerindian) and aberrant C4A*3 of Amerindian origin occurring with a frequency of 0.223 in the GRC. C4A*3 bands of homo- and heterozygous individuals carrying this variant were Rodgers 1 positive and Chido 1,3 positive, showed a C4A specific lysis type and a C4A like alpha-chain. Polymerase chain reaction studies and sequencing showed that this is based on a C4A*3 duplication with a regular C4A*3 and a partially converted C4A*0304 carrying the C4B specific epitopes Ch 6 and Ch 1,3. Associations of class III haplotypes with particular RFLP patterns were similar to those reported for Caucasoids. The previously described association between combined C4A and CYP21P deletions and the 6.4 kb TaqI fragment was not seen in these Amerindians. This fragment occurred within a regular two locus gene structure in the Kaingang, representing a "short" gene at C4 locus I. C4 and CYP21 duplications were frequently observed. The distribution of extended MHC haplotypes provides evidence for a close relationship between the KIV and KRC and a larger genetic distance between the two Kaingang groups and the GRC.

Brazil↗
PubMed1975

Glomerular lesions after renal transplantation.

Significant changes in glomeruli on light microscopy has been observed in 27 of 109 cadaveric renal allografts which functioned beyond 6 months. Tissue was available for study from all but two allografts. The histologic lesions were classified as follows: recurrent glomeruloneophritis, 9 cases (3 focal scierosis, 2 mesangial immunoglobulin A[IgA] disease, 2 mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, 1 dense deposit disease, 1 familial nephritis); de novo glomerulonephritis, 1 case (diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents); and glomerular change of uncertain etiology, 17 cases (10 mesangiocapillary, 5 focal scierosis, 1 focal proliferative and 1 mesangial proliferative). These lesions were not distinguishable on light, fluorescent and electron microscopy from those in patients with spontaneous renal disease. All patients with glomerular lesions had proteinuria, and all but 3 had microscopic hematuria. Glomerular lesions were not significantly associated with early clinical rejection episodes or HLA compatibility. Presensitization of HLA antigens was significantly related to the occurence of a nonrecurrent glomerular lesion. Vescoureteral reflux was significantly more frequent in those with glomerular change (14 of 24) than in those without (13 of 48). Glomerular lesions were associated with a higher rate of graft loss due to renal transplant failure; renal function in survivors was significantly worse than in those without glomerular lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunochemical analysis of a recombinant, genetically engineered, secreted HLA-A2/Q10b fusion protein.

We engineered a fusion gene which encodes the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of HLA-A2 with the alpha 3 and truncated transmembrane domains of the murine class I-like protein Q10b, and transferred it into mouse L cells along with the gene for human beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m). The secreted rA2/Q10b gene product consisted of a single heavy chain of molecular weight 42 kd that was noncovalently associated with the human beta 2m light chain. Native detergent-solubilized HLA-A2 and secreted rA2/Q10b proteins were found to be similar by: (a) the binding to mouse monoclonal anti-HLA antibodies in an ELISA; (b) the blocking of lysis of HLA-A2+ cells by human anti-HLA-A2,-B17, anti-HLA-A2,9,28, and anti-HLA-A2,28 cross-reactive group (CREG) antisera in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay; and (c) the ability when coupled to Sepharose to selectively purify HLA-A2,9,28 and HLA-A2,28 CREG-specific antibodies. Mouse L cells expressing rA2/Q10b produced as much as 2.5 micrograms protein per 10(6) cells/day, or 50- to 100-fold more antigen on a per cell basis than the level of HLA-A2 expressed by B-lymphoblastoid cell line or spleen cells. Thus rA2/Q10b represents a viable alternative to detergent-solubilized HLA-A2 for purification of anti-HLA-A2 antibodies and analysis of anti-HLA-A2 immune responses.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 and HA-2 disparities in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a survey of different populations.

Minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags) HA-1 and HA-2 are encoded by biallelic loci, with immunogenic variants, HA-1H and HA-2V, which induce strong HLA-A2-restricted alloreactive T-cell responses, and nonimmunogenic counterparts, HA-1R and HA-2M, which represent functional null alleles that are poorly presented by HLA class I molecules. HA-1 and HA-2 are potential targets of selective graft-versus-leukemia and graft-versus-tumor reactivity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); however, these applications are restricted to a limited number of patients. Here, we show that a far more frequent application of HA-1 and HA-2 disparity relies on their use as markers for the state of host chimerism after allogeneic HSCT. We have determined allelic frequencies of 29.3% and 70.7% for HA-1H and HA-1R, respectively, and of 83.7% and 16.3% for HA-2V and HA-2M, respectively, in >200 healthy individuals from northern Italy. Similar frequencies were observed in nearly 100 patients affected by hematologic malignancies or solid tumors, thus showing that HA-1 and HA-2 variability are not associated with the presence of cancer. On the basis of these data, we predict that HA-1 and HA-2 can be used in 32.8% and 23.5% of Italian transplant patients, respectively, as markers for the state of host chimerism, whereas exploitation of disparity for these mHags for targeted immunotherapy will be possible in 10.7% and 1.1% of Italian patients, respectively. Retrospective HA-2 typing of bone marrow aspirates obtained from a patient during complete remission or recurrence of acute myeloid leukemia after haploidentical HSCT showed the feasibility of using HA-2 as a surrogate marker for disease monitoring. Because of an apparent north-south gradient for HA-1 allelic frequencies, with higher frequencies for the HA-1H variant reported in white populations from Southern Europe as compared with Northern Europe and North America, the diagnostic applicability of HA-1 disparity will be slightly more frequent in transplant patients from the north. Taken together, our data show that determination of HA-1 and HA-2 variability can be an important parameter for the selection of allogeneic stem cell donors, in particular for patients affected by hematologic malignancies without a tumor-specific molecular marker.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 and HPA-5 polymorphisms in HLA-identical related bone marrow transplantation.

The minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags), HA-1 and HPA-5, are immunogenic alloantigens shown to be responsible for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in HLA-identical bone marrow transplantation. Both antigens have two known alleles each, resulting in a single amino acid polymorphism. The HA-1H allele encodes histidine, whereas the HA-1R allele encodes arginine. The HPA-5b (Br(a)) allele encodes lysine, whereas the HPA-5a (Br(b)) encodes glutamic acid. In this study, 49 bone marrow transplant recipients and their genetically related HLA-identical donors were evaluated for the presence of HA-1, whereas 39 recipients, different from the abovementioned ones, and their HLA-identical siblings were analyzed for the presence of HPA-5. The frequencies of the two alleles of HA-1 in the recipient population were HA-1R = 0.663 and HA-1H = 0.336. In the donor population, the respective frequencies were 0.704 and 0.296. Seven donors (14.5%) were mismatched with the recipients for HA-1H. In contrast, the frequencies of the two alleles of HPA-5 in the recipient population were HPA-5a = 0.859 and HPA-5b = 0.141; whereas, among donors, they were 0.820 and 0.180, respectively. Five donors (12.8%) were found to be mismatched with their recipients for HPA-5. These results provide insight into the polymorphism of mH antigens based on the study of their frequencies in bone marrow transplant recipients and their genetically HLA-identical siblings, an endeavor that is essential to investigate the presence of HA-1 and HPA-5 mHags.

Antigens, Human Platelet↗