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PubMed1978

[Blood glycolipids of patients with cerebral circulatory disorders].

The paper is concerned with a study of the glycolipid content in the blood of 70 patients with acute disorders of brain circulation and in 14 patients with the initial signs of insufficiency of circulation. It was established that in the plasma and blood cells in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes the amount of gangliosides and cerebrosides were considerably higher than in normals (35 cases). In patients with transient disorders of brain circulation and initial signs of insufficiency of brain circulation the content of glycolipids is increased to a lesser degree. A conclusion has been made that there is a possible involvement of oligosaccharidceramides (mono- and asyalgangliosides, galactocerebrosides) in the occurrence of disorders in cerebral hemodynamics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Neutral glycolipid composition in human cancer.

Neutral glycolipid composition of human gastric and colonic cancer was studied in comparison to healthy mucosa. The following compounds were identified: galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, trihexosylceramide, globoside, small amounts of neotetraosylceramide and fucoglycolipids. The latter comprised both 3-0- and 4-0-substituted residues of N-acetylglucosamine. In cancer tissue the contents of lactosylcermide and of fucoglycolipids were increased. Fatty acid compositions of neutral glycolipids derived from both cancer and control samples were similar. The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic and nervonic acids.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

The effects of asbestos on plasma membrane; surface glycolipids and glycoproteins of Syrian hamster embryo cells.

Syrian hamster embryo cells were treated with galactose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.9) followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride (NaB3H4) at pH 7.4. Labeling patterns of galactose and galactosamine in glycolipids and glycoproteins were determined by thin-layer chromatography and SDS-gel electrophoresis respectively. After 20 hours of interaction between the chrysotile asbestos and Syrian hamster cell cultures, a decrease in surface labeling of both glycolipids and glycoproteins was observed. Tritiated disialoganglioside (GDla) and the higher molecular weight labeled glycoproteins were significantly reduced by asbestos interaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Glycolipid antigens of adult O. volvulus reactive with patients sera from onchocerciasis endemic areas in Cameroon.

Lipid extraction of adult O. volvulus worms using a chloroform/methanol/water mixture yielded 10 lipid fractions of which 8 were demonstrated by the orcinol reagent to be glycolipids. In TLC, two of these lipid fractions had mobilities similar to cholesterol and cholesterol ester (Rf.: 0.95, 0.86) whereas two others migrated as sphingomyelin and lecithin (Rf.: 0.40, 0.35) respectively. Other components migrated at intermediate positions. The glycolipids were immunologically active and reacted with sera from onchocerciasis patients. The highest reaction was obtained with the IgG antibody class, followed by IgM while no appreciable reactivity was observed with IgE. Sera from patients infected with other filariae such as Loa-loa and Dipetalonema perstans did not show any significant reaction with these antigens. The significance of these results is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A 14,000 MW lipoprotein and a glycolipid-like structure of Borrelia burgdorferi induce proliferation and immunoglobulin production in mouse B cells at high frequencies.

Sonicated preparations of Borrelia burgdorferi are able to stimulate unselected resting BALB/c spleen cells to proliferate and to produce immunoglobulin in vitro. FACS analysis of target cells prestained with an integrated cell-surface marker as well as cell-depletion experiments demonstrate that the majority of responding lymphocytes are B cells. Limiting dilution analyses of resting B cells revealed high frequencies of cells producing IgM (F 1/11-1/62) or IgG (F 1/5-1/163) in response to B. burgdorferi sonicate (B.b. sonicate). These numbers were similar to those obtained with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (IgM: F 1/20-1/84; IgG: F 1/14-1/85) or a synthetic lipopeptide of Braun's Escherichia coli lipoprotein (IgM: F 1/15, 1/19; IgG: F 1/148, 1/34). The mitogenic structure(s) expressed by B. burgdorferi is distinct from LPS, as similar proliferative responses were obtained with B cells from LPS-resistant (C57BL/10ScCr and C3H/HeJ) and LPS-susceptible (C57BL/10ScSn, C3H/HeN) mice. Furthermore, B-cell mitogenic properties were also found in two distinct fractions of a phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether extract of B. burgdorferi: they consisted of a lipoprotein distinct from the outer surface proteins (Osp) A and B and glycolipid-like structures, respectively. These data suggest that spirochetes express a multitude of distinct structures with mitogenic activity for B cells including various lipoproteins as well as glycolipid(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The occurrence of glycolipids in the lichen Ramalina celastri.

We report for the first time the detection of glycolipids in a lichen. Three glycolipids were extracted from Ramalina celastri and their carbohydrates were determined. The main component was O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->1)-D- glyceritol, esterified with long-chain fatty acids, some of which were unsaturated.

Glycolipids↗
PubMed1994

Glycoproteins with Gal alpha 4Gal are absent from human erythrocyte membranes, indicating that glycolipids are the sole carriers of blood group P activities.

The antigenic determinants of the blood group P family (P1, P, Pk, and LKE antigens) are chemically based on Gal alpha 4Gal. For human erythrocytes it has been claimed that the majority of P1 determinants are expressed in glycoproteins, mainly band 4.5 (Haselberger, C. G., and Schenkel-Brunner, H. (1982) FEBS Lett. 149, 126-128). In the present work, the existence of Gal alpha 4Gal in glycoproteins of erythrocyte membranes (ghosts) of P1 positive and negative human individuals was carefully analyzed on replicas of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels using specific reagents (Escherichia coli HB101/pDC1 expressing the Pap gene and monoclonal antibodies with specificities for P1 and Pk antigens). No binding to glycoproteins was detected with any of these ligands when the ghosts had been pretreated with butanol to remove glycolipids. Therefore, all antigenic determinants of the P blood group family on human red cells are exclusively expressed in glycolipids and are absent from glycoproteins.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Humoral immune response in human pulmonary tuberculosis: antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis polysaccharide, protein and glycolipid antigens.

Sera from 67 tuberculosis patients and 30 healthy subjects have been analyzed for the presence of specific antibodies against polysaccharide, protein and glycolipid antigens from H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results proved the advantages of using the glycolipid antigens in diagnosing tuberculosis as well as the relationship between the antibodies level and the extension of the pulmonary tuberculous lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Circulating immune complexes in leprosy sera: demonstration of antibodies against mycobacterial glycolipidic antigens in isolated immune complexes.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were assayed in sera of leprosy patients. Using an immunoassay for two mycobacterial antigens--phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) and glycolipid IV (SL-IV)--sera from 65 patients with leprosy (38 lepromatous, 18 borderline, and 9 tuberculoid) were studied. The CIC were isolated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, washed, treated with an acid buffer, neutralized, and tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that CIC could contain IgG and IgM antibodies reacting against PGL-I and SL-IV. The high levels of antibodies in the precipitable CIC showed concordance with high levels in the original sera, although some patients presented high levels of precipitable CIC in the absence of high titers of antibodies in their sera. It was concluded that some of the CIC observed in patients with leprosy were composed of IgG and IgM immunoglobulins against specific mycobacterial antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Characterization and developmental expression of a novel sulfotransferase for the biosynthesis of sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids in the nervous system.

Sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs) are temporally and spatially regulated molecules in the developing nervous system. A novel sulfotransferase (ST) from rat brain which catalyzes the terminal step in the biosynthesis in vitro of SGGLs is described. The enzyme catalyzes a transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to a hydroxyl group on carbon 3 of the terminal glucuronyl residue in IV3 beta-glucuronyl neolactotetraosylceramide (GlcAnLcOse4Cer) and VI3 beta-glucuronyl neolactohexaosylceramide (GlcAnLcOse6Cer) to form 3-sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids. The enzyme is highly specific for glucuronylglycolipids (GGLs) and requires the free-COOH group of the terminal glucuronic acid for reactivity. GGL:ST present in the microsomal membranes requires Mn2+ ions and a nonionic detergent, Triton X-100 for activity. The optimal pH is 7.2 with Tris-HCl buffer and Km values were 7 microM for 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and 29 microM for GlcAnLcOse4Cer. GGL:ST was shown to be different from previously well studied galactocerebroside:sulfotransferase for the synthesis of myelin membrane-specific lipid sulfatide. This conclusion was based upon several criteria, i.e. including different requirements of incubation conditions for maximal activity, substrate competition experiments, different effects of heat, dithiothreitol, NaCl, and pyridoxal phosphate, as well as different profiles of expression of activity during development of the nervous tissues. The two enzymes were also partially resolved on a pyridoxal phosphate-ligated agarose column. Studies on the developmental expression of the GGL:ST in the rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum showed that it is not a regulatory enzyme controlling the expression of SGGLs in these neural tissues.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibody titers to glycolipid chemotype Re and endotoxin binding by leukocytes in suppurative meningitis].

The state of immunity to endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria in 45 patients with purulent meningitis caused by meningococci and Escherichia was studied. For comparison, similar characteristics in 35 practically healthy persons were studied. The state of immunity was evaluated by antibody titers in the passive hemagglutination inhibition test with chemotype Re glycolipid and by the content of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, capable of binding endotoxin in the blood of the examinee (in vivo determination), and leukocytes, capable of binding endotoxin during the treatment of thin blood smears (in vitro determination). Leukocytes bound with endotoxin were detected in blood smears in the enzyme immunoassay with the use of the conjugate of horse-radish peroxidase with antibodies to chemotype Re glycolipid. The study revealed that the acute period of bacterial meningitis was characterized by considerable suppression of antiendotoxin immunity. Leukocytes, binding endotoxin in vivo, as well as leukocytes, capable of binding endotoxin in vitro, were practically absent in the patients at the time of their admittance to the hospital. After treatment the characteristics of antiendotoxin immunity restored practically to normal values.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with antibodies to Ga1NAc-GD1a and unidentified acidic glycolipids].

A 19-year-old male student with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) was described. Neurologic examination revealed severe and moderate degrees of weakness in the distal and proximal muscles, respectively, in both upper and lower limbs. He was unable to walk even with support. Both superficial and deep sensations were normal. Serial electrophysiologic studies indicated that the predominant pathologic process of the peripheral nerve was axonal degeneration of motor nerves. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that serum from the patient had markedly high titer of IgG antibody to Ga1NAc-GD1a (1:204,800). Thin-layer chromatography with immunostaining revealed that his serum IgG strongly reacted with Ga1NAc-GD1a prepared from both bovine brain and cauda equina, and additionally with unidentified acidic glycolipids prepared only from bovine cauda equina. Serum containing antibody to Ga1 NAc-GD1a and the unidentified acidic glycolipids may be responsible for axonal degeneration of motor nerves in this patient.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1996

Binding of Staphylococcus aureus to fibronectin and glycolipids on corneal surfaces.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens of bacterial corneal ulcers. It is generally believed that the first step necessary in the development of an infection involves adherence of bacteria to host tissue. The mechanisms by which staphylococci adhere to ocular epithelium have not yet been defined. An in vitro assay was used to measure binding of S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes to a cornea epithelial cell line. Reduction of the amount of cell-surface fibronectin by proteinase treatment decreased the adherence of S. pyogenes to a greater degree than that of S. aureus. The significantly higher number of staphylococci adhering to the cells as compared with S. pyogenes (P < 0.001) suggests the presence of additional binding sites for S. aureus. Using a thin-layer chromatogram overlay assay, we showed binding of S. aureus to various glycolipids extracted from corneal epithelial cells and corneal tissue. S. aureus was found to bind to gangliosides and asialo-GM1, whereas S. pyogenes did not bind to any of these complex lipids. The increased adherence potential of S. aureus due to the ability to bind to glycolipids may provide a selective advantage for S. aureus and explain the prevalence of this organism in bacterial corneal ulcers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The development of intestinal dysbacteriosis in newborn infants with a deficiency of antibodies to the Re-glycolipid].

The dependence of the quantitative content of Escherichia coli in the feces of newborn infants 3 days after birth on the titer of anti Re-glycolipid antibodies in umbilical blood and in mother milk was studied. The reverse correlation between the number of bacteria in feces and the titers of anti Re-glycolipid antibodies was established, the amount of bacteria depending more on antibody titers in umbilical blood than on those in mother milk. The conclusion was made that antiglycolipid antibodies played an important role in the regulation of the quantitative content of E. coli in the intestine of newborn infants. In case of the deficiency of such antibodies intestinal dysbacteriosis may develop in newborn infants.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1998

Purification and characterization of avian glycolipid: beta-galactosyltransferases (GalT-4 and GalT-3): cloning and expression of truncated betaGalT-4.

Acidic glycolipid of ganglio-(containing sialic acid) and sialyl-lactofucosyl-type, SA-Lex (containing sialic acid and fucose) are developmentally regulated and appear to be ubiquitous on neuronal and cancer cell surfaces of animals. Two glycolipid: beta-galactosyltransferases, GalT-3 and GalT-4, were characterized in embryonic chicken brain (ECB). Based on substrate competition experiments, these two activities were believed to be due to expression of two gene products. A cDNA fragments (about 600 bp) encoding the catalytic domain of the GalT-4 (UDP-Gal:LcOse3Cer beta1,4galactosyltransferase) from ECB and human Colo-204 were isolated. These cDNAs were expressed as a soluble glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein (48 kDa) in Escherichia coli. Interactions between GlcNAc-, UDP-hexanolamine-, and alpha-lactalbumin were studied with the purified fusion protein (recombinant and truncated). Functionally it was similar to that of native GalT-4 purified (40000-fold) from 11-day-old ECB. GalT-3 (UDP-Gal:GM2beta1,3galactosyltransferase) was purified from 19-day-old ECB, and a polyclonal antibody was produced against the peptide backbone for immunoscreening of a lambdaZAP ECB cDNA expression library. Each of the GalT-3 peptides (62 and 65 kDa was analyzed by protein fingerprinting analysis indicating a similar peptide mapping pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Kinetics study of Bungarus fasciatus venom acetylcholinesterase immobilised on a Langmuir-Blodgett proteo-glycolipidic bilayer.

This study deals with the kinetics properties of an enzyme immobilised in a defined orientation in a biomimetic environment. For this purpose, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was captured at the surface of a nanostructured proteo-glycolipidic Langmuir-Blodgett film through specific recognition by a noninhibitor monoclonal antibody (IgG) inserted in a neoglycolipid bilayer. Modelling of this molecular assembly provided a plausible interpretation of the functional orientation of the enzyme. The AChE activity being stable for several weeks, the enzyme kinetics were investigated, and fitted perfectly with heterogeneous biocatalytic behaviour representative of cellular enzymatic catalysis. The AChE-IgG-glycolipid nanostructure was directly interfaced with an efficient optical device. Such an association, leading to an intimate contact between the nanostructure and the biochemical signal transducer, gives direct access to the intrinsic AChE behaviour. This study thus demonstrates the potential for direct investigation of the kinetic behaviour of an immobilised enzyme on a lipid bilayer through an efficient transduction system.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2006

Chloroplastic glycolipids fuel aldehyde biosynthesis in the marine diatom Thalassiosira rotula.

Enzymatic preparations and specialized analytical tools have shown that chloroplast-derived glycolipids are the main substrates for the biosynthetic pathway that produces antiproliferative polyunsaturated aldehydes in broken cells of the marine diatom Thalassiosira rotula. This process, which is associated with the formation of free fatty acids and lyso compounds from polar lipids but not triglycerides, is largely dependent on glycolipid hydrolytic activity, rather than phospholipase A(2) as previously suggested. Preliminary characterization of lipolytic enzymes has revealed protein bands of 40-45 kDa. Under native conditions these proteins seem to be associated with soluble aggregates that have an apparent molecular weight of approximately 200 kDa. The biochemical process, which is similar to that described in the algal-bloom forming diatom Skeletonema costatum, suggests a mechanism based on decompartmentalization and mixing of preexisting enzymes and substrates.

Aldehydes↗