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PubMed1979

Studies of ciliated epithelia of the human genital tract. 3: Mucociliary wave activity in organ cultures of human Fallopian tubes challenged with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and gonococcal endotoxin.

Quantative determinations of the mucociliary activity of human Fallopian tube epithelium maintained as organ cultures were performed using a light beam reflex method. In non-infected organ cultures the mucociliary wave (MCW) frequency slowly decreased during the first 54 hours of culture maintenance. In organ cultures experimentally infected with fresh isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae producing T1/T2 colonies the MCW frequency either decreased to subnormal values or completely ceased whereas in organ cultured infected with a laboratory-adapted gonococcal strain the MCW frequencies remained within normal range. In organ cultures exposed to gonococcal endotoxin prepared from the laboratory-adapted strain, as well as in cultures in which cell-free filtrates of medium from organ cultures infected with N. gonorrhoeae (producing T1/T2 colonies) were added to the culture medium, the ciliary activity decreased and subsequently ceased. The same phenomenon occurred when organ cultures were challenged with Escherichia coli endotoxin. The ciliostatic effect appeared before any morphological changes in the surface epithelium, including the cilia, were demonstrable by scanning electron microscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clinical study of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: experience with 15 cases.

Between 1950 and 1986, fifteen cases of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube were diagnosed and treated at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo. These cases constituted 0.14% of the total number of gynecologic malignancies at the hospital during that period. The average age of the 15 patients was 55.7 years. The most frequent symptom was atypical genital bleeding, seen in 12 cases (80%). Massive watery discharge was seen in 4 cases (27%). In preoperative cytologic examination, 6 cases (40%) were positive for cancer. All cases underwent operation as therapy. Postoperative irradiation, adjuvant chemotherapy, and/or second- or third-look operations were also performed. Histopathologically, all materials were found to be adenocarcinoma. Four cases were well differentiated, eight were moderately differentiated, and three were poorly differentiated. As for the prognosis, 7 patients were followed more than 5 years postoperatively. The 5-year survival rate was 57% (4/7). In stage I cancers, the 5-year survival rate was 80% (4/5). The prognosis of stage I cancer patients was estimated to be rather good.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Primary carcinoma of fallopian tube: experience of six cases.

Between 1980 and 1993, six cases of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube were diagnosed and treated at the Hospital of Rovigo. Median age was 64.6 years; the most frequent symptom was atypical vaginal bleeding; only one patient presented a history compatible with hydrops tubae profluens. No patient in this series had a correct preoperative diagnosis. In Papanicolau smears and endometrial currettage, one case was positive for cancer. Primary surgical treatment was performed in all cases, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Histologic differentiation was Grade 2 in three patients and Grade 3 in three patients. Staging was by a system analogous to the FIGO classification for ovarian carcinoma. Two patients had Stage I disease; one, Stage II; two, Stage III; and one, Stage IV. Two patients died 14 and 37 months after the initial diagnosis. Three patients without clinical evidence of disease underwent second look procedures; the patients were alive and disease free with follow up ranging from 45 to 55 months. One patient is alive 4 months after surgery. In this series survival was not associated with grade, but was dependent upon stage. In our study, the prognostic value of the second- and third-look procedures are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical study of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: experience with 14 cases].

Between 1950 and 1986, 14 cases of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube were treated and diagnosed at the Cancer Institute Hospital. These cases constituted 0.13% of the total number of gynecologic malignancies at the hospital during the period. The clinical/pathological findings and prognoses were described. Of the 14 cases, the average age was 56.0 years. The most frequent symptom was atypical genital bleeding, seen in 11 cases (79%). Massive watery discharge was seen in four cases (29%). In preoperative cytologic examination of vaginal smears, six cases (43%) were positive for cancer. All cases underwent operation as therapy. Postoperative irradiation, adjuvant chemotherapy, and/or second-or third- look operation was also used. Histopathologically, all materials were found to be adenocarcinoma. Four cases were well differentiated, seven were moderately differentiated, and three were poorly differentiated. Two patients with stage III and IV cancers died of the disease. Nine patients were still alive at the end of this study. The five-year survival rate was 57% (4/7). In stage I cancers, the five-year survival rate was 80% (4/5). The prognosis of stage I cancer patients was estimated as rather good.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Prognostic significance of fallopian tube cytology: a study of 99 endometrial malignancies.

The purpose of the study was to relate fallopian tube lavage-cytology (tubal washings) from patients treated for endometrial malignancies with other recognized prognostic factors and also with patient survival. In 99 patients the following prognostic variables were analyzed: patient age, peritoneal washing cytology (PW), endometrial tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, myometrial vascular involvement, cervical stromal infiltration and peritoneal metastases. The association between tubal washings and preoperative hysteroscopy was also examined. Of the 99 patients with endometrial malignancy, 18 experienced their first tumor recurrence or died from tumor during the follow-up period (median 53 months, range 5-137 months). The remaining 81 patients were disease-free on their last visit or died from unrelated causes. Detailed statistical analysis revealed a complex inter-relationship between the variables but no independent prognostic significance for tubal washings. Furthermore, the absence of any statistical association between hysteroscopy and survival suggests that preoperative hysteroscopy has no deleterious effect. Although the small number of patients in this study limits any definitive conclusion, the analyzed data suggest that tubal washing cytology plays no useful role in the current management of patients with endometrial malignancies.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1994

Digital confocal microscopy allows measurement and three-dimensional multiple spectral reconstruction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae/epithelial cell interactions in the human fallopian tube organ culture model.

A strategy for measuring Neisseria gonorrhoeae attachment and invasion in the human Fallopian tube organ culture (FTOC) model via computerized image analysis (CIA) combined with "digital" confocal microscopy (DCM) was tested. DCM on serial image stacks of fluorescent latex beads reduced out-of-focus light propagation in the Z-axis (p < 0.005) and improved the shape factor of lateral three-dimensional reconstructions of the beads (p < 0.001). Sections of tissue infected for 44 hr with piliated, Opa+ gonococci were stained with fluorescein-labeled monoclonal anti-gonococcal antibodies, rhodamine-labeled phalloidin, and Hoechst 33342. Serial images collected at identical focal planes for each fluorochrome were subjected to DCM. Epithelial cytoplasmic regions of interest defined by rhodamine-stained actin were superimposed on the corresponding fluorescein-stained and Hoechst-stained images. Fluorescent objects defined by gray-scale threshold were measured by computerized image analysis using different border treatments to differentiate attached from intracellular gonococci or count cell nuclei. Compared with raw images, measurement of DCM images was less dependent on threshold choice (p < 0.05). DCM augments conventional microscopy in removing out-of-focus light from fluorescent images, in reconstructing three-dimensional images, and in quantitatively differentiating extracellular from intracellular gonococci in a natural target tissue.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube.

Nineteen women with a mean age of 62 were treated for primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube from 1960 to 1980. Common presentations were bleeding or discharge, pelvic mass, and pain. Cervical cytology was positive in five of eleven cases; endometrial curettings revealed adenocarcinoma in three of nine cases. Staging was by a system analogous to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification of ovarian carcinoma: 11% stage I, 44% stage II, 28% stage III, and 17% stage IV. Bleeding and abnormal cervical cytology were associated with earlier stage lesions and better prognosis. The most common treatment was excision of the primary tumor and gross intraperitoneal metastases. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed in 14 cases. Thirteen patients received 40-50 Gray of 2 MeV external beam pelvic radiation. Stages I and II had five-year survival of 100% and 63%. However, 38% of stage II patients had late extrapelvic relapses, and two early stage patients suffered serious complications of radiation therapy. All stage III and IV patients died of disease, 63% within the first 3 years. Based upon these results and review of other modern series, the importance of early diagnosis and complete surgical staging is emphasized, and stage-specific adjuvant therapy recommended.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Congenital absence of fallopian tube segments.

A case is reported in which laparotomy demonstrated that the proximal portion of the left Fallopian tube was absent and that the distal end was separated into 3 portions. There is no previous report of a congenital abnormality of this type.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Gartner's duct associated with diverticulosis of the fallopian tubes.

Hysterosalpingography demonstrated unilateral opacification of Gartner's duct and bilateral diverticulosis (salpingitis isthmica nodosa) of the fallopian tubes. An association of two mesonephric abnormalities in the same patient is postulated. The case also serves as a reminder of the association of diverticulosis with tubal ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗