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PubMed1977

[Study of the antibiotic sensitivity of Shigella newcastle isolated in Zaporozhe Province].

Sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of 510 strains of Shigella Newcastle isolated from both sporadic patients and cases during the disease outbreaks was studied. The studies revealed a rather high percentage of Shigella Newcastle resistant to the antibiotics widely used in clinical practice. Most of the strains, i.e. 90.5 per cent were resistant to tetracycline and a significant number of the isolates, i.e. 55.6--53.3 per cent were resistant to streptomycin and erythromycin. A statistically reliable predominance of the Shigella resistant to levomycetin and streptomycin in the disease foci was noted as compared to the Shigella isolated from the sporadic patients. Most of the isolates were simultaneously resistant to several antibiotics. Thus, resistance to 2,3--4 and 5--6 antibiotics was found in 28, 54.3 and I.I per cent of the cultures respectively. At the same time almost all Shigella Newcastle strains were sensitive to rifampicin, neomycin and monomycin (aminoglycoside antibiotics), enteroseptol (oxychinoline drug) and furazolidone (nitrofuran drug).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Photosensitization and photoprotection by some drugs, metabolites and other compounds].

Photosensitizing and photoprotecting efficiency of about a hundred of compounds, mainly drugs, was studied. The method based on chemiluminescence occurred along with photooxidation of glycyltryptophan under irradiation in UVB range in solution was used for testing. As a measure of photosensitizing efficiency the concentration of photosensitizer which induced two-fold increase of chemiluminescence intensity was chosen. The most effective photosensitizers are riboflavin, FAD, furagin, psoralene, vicasol, benzobarbital, mydocalm, angelicyn, furadonin, ethacridin, diazolin, folic acid. With regard to pharmacological doses of drugs in organism more dangerous sensitizers (in descending order) are p-aminosalicylic acid, furagin, riboflavin, benzobarbital, thiopental, chloramphenicol, nicodin, mydocalm, furadonin, oxolonic acid, furazolidone, psoralene, nicotinamide and diazolin. Photoprotecting effect was described by the concentration at which chemiluminescence intensity decreased twice. The most effective photoprotectors are etamsilat, quercetin, ftivazid, chlorpromazine, diprazine, thioridazine, aminophenazone, oxaphenamide. Concentration dependence for some of these drugs (etamsilat, chlorpromazine, diprazine, thioridazine) is non-monotonous: they inhibit photooxidation in low concentration (about 10(-7)-10(-6) M), but at higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M) photosensitization dominates over photoprotection.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Multidrug- and metal-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Penaeus monodon of the coastal waters of deltaic Sundarban.

Marine shrimp of the species Penaeus monodon were collected from the coastal region (Haroa) of the deltaic Sundarbans of West Bengal, India during the premonsoon period in 1996. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the alimentary canal and gills of the shrimp as the sole isolate. All 10 isolated strains were resistant to erythromycin (30 micrograms/mL), ampicillin (100 micrograms/mL), furazolidone (100 micrograms/mL), and penicillin (100 IU). These strains were able to grow in the presence of silver (Ag+), cobalt (Co2+), cadmium (Cd2+), nickel (Ni2+), lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+), and zinc (Zn2+) at concentrations up to 10 mM. All the strains showed similar plasmid profiles, ranging in sizes from 1.8 to 120 kb. Resistance to lead, cobalt, nickel, and copper was encoded by a 3.5-kb plasmid of K. pneumoniae. Synthesis of a 14-kDa periplasmic protein was increased when they were grown in presence of 10 mM Cu2+.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Endemic cholera in Delhi, 1995: analysis of data from a sentinel centre.

Data on cholera cases admitted to the Delhi Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH) are presented to describe the pattern of occurrence of cholera in Delhi in 1995. Rectal swabs from 4082 cases of acute diarrhoea admitted to the IDH were examined for excretion of Vibrio cholerae. Of them, 2004(49%) and 4(0.1%) were positive for V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor and V. cholerae O139 respectively. Most cholera cases occurred during May-September (summer and monsoon months). The period from January to March (winter) was completely free from cholera. The urban areas were not affected uniformly. Of the 80 PIN (Postal Index Number) code areas, 10 contributed to 57% of the cases. The early cases were scattered in PIN code areas distant from one another. The hospitalisation rates for cholera were the highest in children aged less than five years and declined significantly with increasing patients' age. Males had significantly higher rates than females aged up to 20 years, whereas the situation was reversed in the 20 to 39 year age group. Four per cent of the affected families had multiple cases. An estimated 1% of the household contacts of hospitalised cases of cholera were themselves hospitalised for cholera within 2 days of the first admission. Of the 260 V. cholerae O1 isolates tested, 4%, 7%, 8%, 89%, 91% and 95% were resistant to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin, and furazolidone respectively. The study highlights the usefulness of surveillance data to identify groups, urban areas and seasons with increased risk for cholera and to allow control measures to be focussed on those in greatest need.

Adolescent↗