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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Characterization of the improvised explosive urea nitrate using electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization.

Mass spectra of urea nitrate were measured in electrospray ionization and in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the negative mode. In both ionization methods two characteristic adduct ions containing the intact molecule [urea nitrate+NO3]- and [urea nitrate+HNO3+NO3]- are shown. The structure of the two adduct ions was deduced using measurements of isotopically labeled urea nitrate. Collision-induced dissociation measurements of the adduct ions show typical losses enabling the identification of urea nitrate in trace amounts. Using these methods urea nitrate was identified in real cases.

Atmospheric Pressure↗
PubMed2003

[Mass casualties after an explosion].

Because of the intifada, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has become characterized by violence against civilians on both sides. Since the early 1990s, this conflict has seen directed operations performed by suicide attackers, whose goal is to kill civilians who are not direct participants in the confrontation. For urban and local hospitals this means that they must always be aware of being confronted with limited multiple-casualty incidents. This has required a restructuring of emergency plans at the scene and in the hospital. At the scene the incident is classified according to the number and degree of injury of the victims. The accumulation of such incidents made it necessary in Israel to change views of the system of triage, which has essential differences from the central European system. Apart from changing preclinical and clinical management algorithms, the surgeons specialized in casualties must be prepared for a new quality of injuries. Barotrauma of the lung and multiple, seemingly superficial injuries often only emerge later as life-threatening and lead to the paralysis of intensive care and surgical capacity.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Posterior segment glass intraocular foreign bodies following car accident or explosion.

BACKGROUND: This study was done to evaluate the results of surgery performed for removal of glass intraocular foreign bodies. METHODS: A prospective study of consecutive cases which have been operated upon for removal of glass intraocular foreign body during the period from May, 1995 to May, 2001 was done. RESULTS: Nine eyes of 9 patients were operated upon during the study period. All were males with an average age of 21.8 years. Unbelted car occupants were the affected persons in 8 out of 9. In all cases, the foreign body was removed with repair of the injury related complications. Forty four percent had 20/50 or better vision. Eighty nine percent had 20/200 or more. Severe retinal injury was associated with poor visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Glass foreign bodies need special instruments for extraction. Good visual outcome can be obtained if the retina is not severely affected. Motor vehicle accidents affecting unbelted occupant are the main cause of glass intraocular foreign bodies.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of the concentration of explosives in air by isotope dilution analysis.

The concentrations in air of dinitrotoluene (DNT), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerin (NG), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) were measured at 25 degrees C under equilibrium conditions, and that of cyclomethylene trinitramine (RDX) was measured at elevated temperature by means of an isotope dilution technique. Isotopically multi-labeled compounds were synthesized and used as diluents. Field ionization mass spectrometry was used to measure the abundance ratios of the unlabeled materials. The concentrations in air at 25 degrees C of DNT, TNT, NG, EDGN, PETN, and RDX are 184, 4, 31, 37,000, 7, and 0.8 ppb v/v, respectively. The data obtained may be used for the assessment of the required sensitivity of air-monitoring detection systems.

Air Pollutants↗