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PubMed1989

Effect of T-2 toxin on feed intake, digestion and pathology of rabbits.

Feed containing sublethal T-2 toxin concentrations (12.5 and 25 ppm) was fed to adult rabbits. The animals ate 60-70% less toxin-containing food. The dry matter content of their feces decreased significantly (on an average by 10%). The nutrient digestibility of the feed containing 12.5 ppm T-2 toxin, was increased by 2-6% and that of the 25 ppm T-2 toxin level decreased by 4-11% as compared to the control values. The rabbits showed emaciation, subacute catarrhal gastritis, necrosis of the lymphoid cells of the intestinal mucosa, depletion and necrosis in the lymphoid follicles of the ampulla ilei, spleen and lymph nodes. Necrosis of the cells of mononuclear phagocyte system and myeloid hemacytogenesis was characteristic. The toxin concentration of feces, cecotroph and urine was proportional to intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Pulmonary complication after resection of lung cancer--difficulty in expectoration and cough dynamics].

From January 1975 to December 1986, 415 patients were operated for primary lung cancer. Postoperative pulmonary complications were observed in 83 patients and among them 48 patients (57.8%) suffered from difficulty in expectoration. Postoperative expectoration mostly depends on the ability of coughing. To evaluate cough dynamics, expiratory flow-rate and volume at voluntary maximal cough were measured. The more expiratory flow rate and volume a cough has, the more effective it is for expectoration. In those patients with decreased FEV1.0, or respiratory muscle weakness because of emaciation and aging, or severe pain in the wound, the cough dynamics was decreased. By cleaning retained secretions in the respiratory tract, postoperative pulmonary complications would be prevented. However in cases where the decrease in postoperative cough dynamics is predictable, application of limited resection should be considered as well.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Acute toxicological experiment of T-2 toxin in rabbits.

Rabbits were treated with a single oral dose (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 15 mg/kg body mass) of T-2 fusariotoxin. Doses of 4 mg or higher killed the animals in 24 to 48 h. As opposed to the controls, in the treated rabbits gross pathological and histopathological examinations revealed acute catarrhal gastroenteritis, necrosis of lymphoid cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa, centrolobular dystrophy of the liver, necrosis of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in the liver, tubulonephrosis, focal dystrophy of the adrenal cortex, lymphocyte depletion involving both T- and B-cell-dependent zones of the lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph, ampulla ilei), and depletion and necrosis of the myelopoietic cell colonies of the bone marrow. Similar but milder changes were observed in surviving rabbits exsanguinated 48 h after treatment. In addition to the direct damage done to the digestive tract mucosa and liver, the toxin severely damaged the cells participating in humoral and cell-mediated immunity and in the local defence of the intestinal mucosa, and markedly impaired phagocytosis and granulocytopoiesis. In another experiment rabbits were given oral doses of 2 mg/kg body mass T-2 toxin daily for several days. One rabbit was killed by bleeding every day. In rabbits killed beyond day 7 there was subacute catarrhal gastritis, emaciation, and hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Acute and subacute toxicity studies of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate on mice].

Slc/ddY mice (10 male, 10 female per group) were given a single p.o. intubation of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) in olive oil and were observed for 14 days. LD50 values of male and female mice were 2.67 (2.52 approximately 2.83) and 2.25 2.25 (2.12 approximately 2.39) g/kg, respectively. The animals revealed ataxic gait, hyperactivity, and convulsion. Slc/ddY mice (12 male, 12 female er group) were administered diet containing 1.33, 0.42, 0.13, 0.04, and 0.01% of TDCPP for 3 months. Male and female mice of the 1.33% group showed emaciation, rough hair, and tremor; and all animals died within one month. Hematological studies showed slight anemia in males of the 0.42% group and females of the 0.42% and 0.13% groups. They also exhibited a tendency to increase ALP and GPT levels. The animals of the 0.42%, 0.13% and 0.04% groups exhibited tendency to increase liver weights and kidney weights in both sexes. Histopathologically, very slight focal necrosis was recognized in the liver in only 2 females of the 0.42% group. The NOEL under this condition is 0.01% in the diet of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (male: 13.2 mg/kg/day, female: 15.3 mg/kg/day).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Hypothalamic dysfunction. 2 cases: the contribution of nuclear magnetic resonance, therapeutic trial of naltrexone].

Two cases of idiopathic hypothalamic dysfunction (one boy and one girl) are reported. Symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction were noted by the age of 2 years: initial polyphagia and obesity with subsequent anorexia and emaciation were observed in one patient. Thermoregulation and thirst disorders, recurrent accesses of hypernatremia, acrocyanosis and profuse sweating were present. Impaired growth and delayed puberty in one case, and in the other hypogonadism, absence of growth hormone and gonadotrophins release in response to provocative stimuli were observed as well as abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin releasing hormone with hyperprolactinemia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed structural lesion in the lateral part of the lentiform nucleus in one case. Treatment with naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, had little if any effect.

Body Height↗
PubMed1989

[Mesentery tumor--clinico-pathologic analysis of 171 cases].

One hundred and seventy one patients with mesentery tumors confirmed by surgery and/or pathology in five hospitals of Hubei Province from 1966 to 1986 are analyzed retrospectively. The main manifestations were abdominal pain, abdominal mass and emaciation. Cyst and leiomyomas were common in benign tumors. Malignant lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma were predominant in malignant tumors. The morbidity, clinico-pathologic characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this group of tumor are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[An autopsied case of type II citrullinemia--transient effectiveness with either citrate or benzoate to the consciousness disturbance].

A 44-year-old man suffered from repeated impairment of consciousness associated with flapping tremor, myoclonus and generalized convulsions, and died in coma 6 months after admission. He had had a psychosomatically underdeveloped childhood, with a propensity for legumes without a family history of the same or a record of consanguinity. On admission, he had disturbed consciousness and emaciation without other physical abnormalities. The EEG revealed diffuse slow waves with occasional appearance of triphasic waves. A high level of serum citrulline (534.7 nmol/ml) was recognized and the assay of urea cycle enzymes in the liver demonstrated decreased argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) activity (0.062 U/g liver, 7.4% of that in normal liver), although no kinetic abnormality was found. Accordingly he was diagnosed as having type II citrullinemia. In addition, this case could be classified as cluster type of localization of the ASS in the liver by immunohistochemical study. There were characteristic findings concerning his clinical picture and laboratory data, such as a significant correlation between the grade of disturbed consciousness and arterial blood gas pH (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01). However, the blood ammonia level did not always correlate with the severity of disturbed consciousness. Oral treatment with sodium citrate and sodium benzoate was very effective, though transiently, for disturbed consciousness in this case. Pathological findings of the autopsied liver were fatty change and fibrosis. Neuropathologically, characteristic findings were brain edema with cerebellar tonsilar herniation, laminar necrosis with spongy formation in cerebral cortex, and Alzheimer type II glia. The relationship between citrullinemia and other hepatic encephalopathy was also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Diabetic ophthalmoplegia--a clinico-pathological study of the first case in Japan].

Many reports of diabetic ophthalmoplegia have been published from the clinical points of view. However, there have been only three autopsied cases in which the ocular nerves were investigated histopathologically. A 72-year-old housewife was diagnosed to have glycosuria at the age of 67, but no medical treatment was done. She admitted to the hospital, because of acute onset of right eyelid drooping and diplopia for previous four days. She showed complete eyelid ptosis, moderate dilatation of right pupil, loss of light reaction, and extraocular muscle palsy except abduction on the right. Blood pressure was normal. A glucose tolerance test was diabetic and HbA1c was moderately increased. Her diabetes was fairly well-controlled with a diet therapy and injection of lente insulin. Two and a half months after admission, the course of illness became regressive. Seven months later, external ophthalmoplegia was disappeared and only slight anisocoria was seen. She readmitted to the hospital one year and eleven months later, because of anorexia and emaciation. She died of adenocarcinoma of the stomach without chemotherapy. The duration from onset of ocular symptoms to death was two years and one month. At postmortem examination, stomach cancer infiltrated extensively to the abdominal and pelvic viscera, but no metastasis to the nervous system or intraorbital tissues was found. There were mild to moderate atherosclerotic changes in the small-and middle-sized arteries of the kidneys, pancreas and adrenal glands corresponding to her age. Moderate atherosclerosis was found in all of the major arteries including Willis ring, siphon of the right internal carotid artery and Vertebro-basilar one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of selenium poisoning in weaned piglets; the persistent one wins].

A case of selenium poisoning involving eighty approximately nine-week-old piglets is reported. Feed and water were supplied with a dry feed hopper with nipple in the through. Clinical symptoms appeared within ten days after the feed-intake. The symptoms consisted in loss of condition (emaciation), drawn-in thin bellies, long hair, loss of appetite, hard, dark faeces, cerebral symptoms and mortality. Autopsy was performed on a total number of four piglets, in which severe hepatic degeneration was detected. When pig prestarter (creep feed) was substituted for piglet-raising feed (weaner-diet), the condition was gradually restored to normal within a few days.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study on alcoholic pancreatitis in alcoholics (especially in ERP findings)].

The pancreatic functions (PFD test and 75g GTT), pancreatic enzymes (serum-amylase, urine-amylase, serum-elastase I and serum-lipase), alcohol consumption histories, clinical symptoms, histological findings in the liver and ERP findings have been examined in 66 alcoholic patients. Fourty two out of 66 cases (64%) showed abnormal ERP findings which were compatible with chronic pancreatitis. But among these 42 cases, only 9 cases (21%) showed clinical symptoms such as epigastralgia, back pain, diarrhea and emaciation which suggest the existence of chronic pancreatitis. The degree of liver damage, alcohol consumption have no significant correlation with ERP findings. Furthermore, the severe alcoholic pancreatitis occurred in patients having mild liver injury more than those having severe liver injury such as cirrhosis. And the data of pancreatic functions and enzymes could not confirm ERP findings especially in patients with mild and moderate pancreatic injury when compared to normal ERP findings. We concluded that asymptomatic alcoholic pancreatitis occurred more frequently in painless alcoholic. It may be not suitable for only using the normal pancreatic functions test to diagnose the alcohol induced chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

["Effort index"--estimating abilities of respiratory muscles].

This paper analyzes the actual values of FEV1 and MBC in 240 normal subjects, 147 patients with COPD and 85 cases of cancer tumors, and shows that the actual values of MBC in both COPD patients and cancerous cases are much lower than the calculated values from FEV1. The authors believe that the ratio between the actual values of MBC and its calculated values may be used to reflect the strengths or abilities of the respiratory muscles efforted, called "Effort Index". The formula of MBC calculated from FEV1 is based on the linear regression equation formulated from the actual values of FEV1 and MBC in 240 normal subjects (aged 16-80 yrs). The "Effort Index" is equal to the actual value of MBC/the calculated value of MBC. The "Effort Index" in 240 normal subjects is 1.00 +/- 0.14 (M +/- SD), in mild, moderate and severe cases of COPD being 0.907, 0.807 and 0.626 respectively, and in markedly wasted cancer cases, 0.861 +/- 0.130. The results show that the formula of MBC calculated from FEV1 is useful only for the subjects with normal respiratory muscular abilities; while in COPD patients and markedly emaciated cancerous cases, owing to the chronically tired-out or exhausted respiratory muscular strength, the actual values of MBC are actually lower than those calculated from FEV1, hence the decreased "Effort Index".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Psoas abscess: report of a case].

The retrofascial space is a concealed one located behind the transversalis fascia in the posterior peritoneal cavity. It contains mainly muscles and fasiae and extends from the mediastinum to the pelvis. Clinical manifestations of an abscess are usually obscure except for hip joint problems when the abscess developed. Computed tomography is done immediately if an abscess is suspected, and there have been good results under incision with drainage and antibiotics. It is different from retroperitoneal abscess anatomically, pathologically, bacteriologically and clinically, so we report a case for reference. The patient, a 43-year-old female worker, had suffered from disability of her left lower limb for more than 5 months before admission. She even visited her local medical doctor, but in vain. In the week prior to admission, left hip swelling with awkwardness in walking was felt, and she called on an orthopedist. After brief examination, impaired hepatic and renal function was noted, so she was referred to our hospital. The chief complaint on admission was left hip swelling and pain with radiation to the inguinal and knee area for one week. The past history was insignificant except for a cesarean section and an appendectomy done more than 10 years before. Upon physical examination, the patient was found to be pale, emaciated, mildly icteric and had a flexion contracture of the left thigh. Laboratory data revealed anemia, leukocytosis, impaired hepatic and renal function. The chest X-ray was normal, and KUB demonstrated left hip joint flexion and external rotation. A sonogram showed a localized hypoechoic lesion in the left posterior peritoneal cavity 2 days later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

[Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC)--report of 10 cases].

Ten patients with adrenal cortical carcinoma were treated from 1966 to 1986. There were 7 males and 3 females. The typical clinical manifestations, marked increase of 17-ketosteroid, 17-hydroxycorticoids and DHA, and negative dexamethasone suppression test were essential for the diagnosis. Of the ten patients, eight had secretive function and their 17-ketosteroid and 17-hydroxycorticoids varied from 36.8-93 mg% and 32.5-150 mg%, respectively. DHA was measured in 5 cases with the result of 6.95-44mg%. Those without secretive functions or obvious endocrine disturbances were usually misdiagnosed as kidney tumor, splenomagaly, liver tumor or pancreatic mass. Wood had summarized that nonsecretive ACC patients commonly had fever, pain, exhaustion syndrome (emaciation, fatigue, perspiration, anorexia), mass and distant metastasis. Adrenal scan, IVU, abdominal aortic arteriography, retroperitoneal pneumography and CT were helpful in localization. The differential diagnosis between ACC and adenoma by pathology was difficult. It is generally agreed that if the mass is larger than 100 grams, capsulated, having blood or lymphatic vessel invasion, hemorrhage, necrosis and calcification or even distant metastasis, malignant tumor should be considered. Surgical removal of the tumor is the only effective treatment. For advanced or recurrent lesions, selective adrenal artery thrombosis could be used. One of the ten patients was thus treated by this facilitated subsequent surgery. Postoperative chemotherapy, such as O.P-DDD, might be used in some cases.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1985

Clinicopathologic findings resembling hypoadrenocorticism in dogs with primary gastrointestinal disease.

Nine dogs with primary gastrointestinal disease had clinical and laboratory findings resembling hypoadrenocorticism. The dogs had histories of anorexia, weakness or lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss. Hypothermia, dehydration, and emaciation also were detected on physical examination. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and abnormally low Na/K ratios were found on laboratory evaluation, but results of ACTH-response tests were not compatible with hypoadrenocorticism. The primary diagnoses were trichuriasis and salmonellosis in 2 dogs, trichuriasis in 5 dogs, and perforated duodenal ulcer in 2 dogs. Most dogs responded to medical or surgical treatment of their primary gastrointestinal disease, and the original electrolyte abnormalities resolved. These findings emphasize the importance of the ACTH-response test in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs with clinicopathologic findings similar to those of hypoadrenocorticism.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1985

Enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus infection in nude mice.

The cause of emaciation and diarrhea in athymic nude mice was found to be hyperplastic typhlocolitis resulting from infection with enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). The disease was reproduced in experimentally-inoculated nude mice using intestinal homogenates from affected mice and cell culture-derived virus. Material derived from an experimental mouse was passed into neonatal Swiss mice and caused acute typhlocolitis. Virus failed to grow in NCTC-1469 cells and 17Cl-1 cells, which are normally permissive for MHV, but grew to low titer in a mouse rectal carcinoma cell line, CMT 93. These results show that an enterotropic strain of MHV can cause chronic enteric disease in athymic nude mice. The pattern of infection differs markedly from the more common MHV wasting syndrome in nude mice caused by non-enteric strains of MHV.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Frequency and significance of feline leukemia virus infection in necropsied cats.

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection was diagnosed immunohistologically on paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from 1,095 necropsied cats. Significant association of FeLV infection was demonstrated by chi 2 and Fisher's tests with various conditions and diseases (ie, anemia, tumors of the leukemia/lymphoma complex, feline infectious peritonitis, bacterial infections, emaciation, FeLV-associated enteritis, lymphatic hyperplasia, and hemorrhage). Unexpected findings associated with FeLV infection were icterus, several types of hepatitis, and liver degeneration. A negative association with FeLV infection was found for most parasitic and viral infections, including feline panleukopenia. Neither positive nor negative associations were established for FeLV infection and most forms of nephritis, including severe glomerulonephritis. Feline leukemia virus-infected cats were significantly (Kruskal-Wallis test) older than were FeLV-negative cats with the same nonneoplastic FeLV-associated diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[The neglected child].

Although the figure for unreported cases of neglected children is much higher than that of physical ill-treatment of children, neglect has rarely received attention, in most cases only when traces of physical ill-treatment were proven at the same time. Symptomatic are in the first place intense emaciation as well as dry puckered, scaly and extremely dirty skin, lack of subcutaneous fatty tissue and of Bichat's fat pad, matted hair, aged face, sunken eyes, and eczema from urine with ulcerations in the buttock and thigh regions. In addition one finds signs of localized hypothermia or rickets. My own observations cover 80 cases in which neglect and malnutrition have caused the death of the children involved. All the children had been living in extremely bad social conditions. The backgrounds of the children's mothers were also socially poor. Most of the mothers were too young to fulfill their duties. The fathers, where known, were alcoholics, unwilling to work and seldom cared for their family. They too were often too young to cope with their role as father. In this day and age, which has provided us with a much better understanding of the importance of the early development of children for their later social adaptation, mothers with all their problems and difficulties should not be left on their own. Mothering behaviour is not necessarily programmed with the birth of a child. Mothering duties must be learned as early as possible. This process should begin during pregnancy at the latest. A few proposals will be made.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

[Encephalitozoon cuniculi in a rabbit-breeding colony].

A case of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in a rabbitry is reported. After the introduction of new rabbits in 1984, problems arose accompanied by serious losses among rabbits of all ages. Affected animals showed muscular weakness, emaciation, polydipsia and polyuria and died within various periods. Some of the affected animals also showed neurological symptoms. When two animals were examined at autopsy lesions typical of encephalitozoonis were observed: small granulomas in the brain and chronic interstitial nephritis associated with tubular degeneration. Encephalitozoon cuniculi was identified in the affected renal tubules and, in small numbers, also in the brain and the liver. The pathogenesis, epidemiology and possibilities of control are briefly discussed.

Animals↗