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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Distinct B-cell and T-cell lymphoproliferative disease prevalence among dog breeds indicates heritable risk.

Immunophenotypes in lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD) are prognostically significant, yet causative factors for these conditions, and specifically those associated with heritable risk, remain elusive. The full spectrum of LPD seen in humans occurs in dogs, but the incidence and lifetime risk of naturally occurring LPD differs among dog breeds. Taking advantage of the limited genetic heterogeneity that exists within dog breeds, we tested the hypothesis that the prevalence of LPD immunophenotypes would differ among different breeds. The sample population included 1,263 dogs representing 87 breeds. Immunophenotype was determined by the presence of clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy chain or T-cell receptor gamma chain. The probability of observing the number of B-cell or T-cell tumors in a particular breed or breed group was compared with three reference populations. Significance was computed using chi2 test, and logistic regression was used to confirm binomial predictions. The data show that, among 87 breeds tested, 15 showed significant differences from the prevalence of LPD immunophenotypes seen across the dog population as a whole. More significantly, elevated risk for T-cell LPD seems to have arisen ancestrally and is retained in related breed groups, whereas increased risk for B-cell disease may stem from different risk factors, or combinations of risk factors, arising during the process of breed derivation and selection. The data show that domestic dogs provide a unique and valuable resource to define factors that mediate risk as well as genes involved in the initiation of B-cell and T-cell LPD.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of American canine hepatozoonosis.

American canine hepatozoonosis (ACH), caused by Hepatozoon americanum, is an emerging tick-borne disease of dogs. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that should facilitate diagnosis of infection and study of the epidemiology of ACH has been developed using H. americanum sporozoites as antigen. Efficacy of the new test as a diagnostic tool was compared with that of skeletal muscle biopsy, the current gold standard for confirming H. americanum infection. Results show that the test is sensitive (93%) and specific (96%) and that it is as reliable as histopathologic examination of skeletal muscle for detecting infection. The ELISA would be suitable as a routine laboratory test for diagnosis of ACH.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Q fever is absent from New Zealand.

To investigate the presence of Coxiella burnetii in sheep and cattle, the two major ruminant populations of New Zealand, its seroprevalence was determined in aborting cattle and sheepdogs. These groups of animals were chosen because of their accessibility and the fact that they would be good indicators for the presence of the organism. A total of 2181 bovine and 12,556 canine samples were all seronegative. On the basis of these results and previous reports it is argued that New Zealand is free of coxiellosis or Q fever.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2006

Cystic echinococcosis: progress and limits in epidemiology and immunodiagnosis.

This study discusses the epidemiology and immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (caused by Echinococcus granulosus). Despite the development of molecular methods to prepare antigens, nowadays there is no standard, highly sensitive, and specific test available for antibody detection in cystic echinococcosis. Furthermore, because serological tests can give only a limited support to clinical findings there is a clear need for new advances in immunodiagnosis of E. granulosus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Rectal ammonia tolerance test in the evaluation of portal circulation in dogs with liver disease.

An ammonia tolerance test (ATT) is described in control dogs and in patients affected by liver disease with or without portosystemic collateral circulation. The administration of a 5 per cent ammonium chloride solution rectally proved to be preferable to oral administration. A statistically significant difference was shown between the results of the ATT in patients with and those without portal shunts, but not between control dogs and patients without portal collateral circulation. A simplified ATT is proposed in which venous ammonia determinations are made before and 20 and 40 minutes after rectal administration of 5 per cent ammonium chloride solution at a dose of 2 ml/kg bodyweight.

Ammonia↗