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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Photorefractive keratectomy in African Americans including those with known dermatologic keloid formation.

PURPOSE: To report the outcome of photorefractive keratectomy in African Americans, including those with a known history of dermatologic keloid formation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of African American patients who had photorefractive keratectomy at either of our institutions was undertaken to identify all patients who were at least 3 months status-post refractive surgery. The presence or absence of a history of keloid formation, as well as preoperative and postoperative measurements of uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, and the presence and magnitude of any postoperative corneal haze were analyzed. RESULTS: Twelve patients (19 eyes) met the inclusion criteria and three of these patients (six eyes) had a history of keloid formation. Mean uncorrected visual acuity +/- SD for the entire study group improved from 20/369 +/- 20/270 preoperatively to 20/19.4 +/- 20/7.1 postoperatively (average follow-up, 13.8 months). All eyes had postoperative uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better; 14 (74%) achieved 20/20 or better. Mean best spectacle corrected visual acuity went from 20/14.8 +/- 20/2.8 preoperatively to 20/15.5 +/- 20/3.2 postoperatively (not statistically significant). Mean manifest spherical equivalent was -4.9 +/- 3.4 diopters preoperatively and +0.03 +/- 0.55 diopters postoperatively. Eight eyes (42%) had trace to 1+ corneal haze following photorefractive surgery. A comparison of postoperative uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuities of known keloid formers with nonkeloid formers revealed no significant statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS: African Americans may have excellent visual outcomes following photorefractive keratectomy. History of keloid formation does not appear to have an adverse effect on the outcome. These results question whether known dermatologic keloid formation should be a contraindication to photorefractive keratectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

An expert diagnostic program for dermatology.

The first knowledge-based medical consultation program for dermatology is reported. This program uses SEEK, a new facility within the Rutgers University EXPERT system. Our current model gives a differential diagnosis for 13 different tumors with an overall accuracy of 84%. The model uses a formal criteria-based knowledge representation scheme. In addition, the first visually indexed database in dermatology has been developed.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Dermatological pathomimicry: a form of patient maladjustment.

Thirteen patients (eleven female, two male; aged 19-72 years) who mimicked their original dermatological disease by reproducing the original mechanisms of disease or by interfering with therapy were seen over a period of 5 years. Six patients had exacerbations of eczema, four drug reactions, and three non-healing leg ulcers. Exacerbations of dermatological disease were related to the patient's need for a sickness role. This maladjustment responded to positive directive psychotherapy rather than a superficial sympathetic approach which tended to reinforce the maladjustment. Eleven patients admitted their part in actively producing their disease, and the outcome was good. This clinical syndrome appears to be predominantly an opportunist reaction although one patient was depressed and one had early dementia. The syndrome should not be confused with dermatitis artefacta.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Dermatologic therapy: December, 1981, through November, 1982.

In this paper I have reviewed the literature on dermatologic therapy from December, 1981, through November, 1982. This information was presented to a forum at the 41st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology in New Orleans in December, 1982. Readers should review the original article in toto before attempting any new, experimental, or controversial therapy summarized.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1987

Gold therapy and its indications in dermatology. A review.

Gold compounds have long been known as therapeutic agents and have been used extensively in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Their mechanisms of action in vivo, however, remain unclear. In comparison to parenteral gold, the pharmacokinetics of a newly available oral compound, auranofin, differ greatly. Auranofin also appears to have specific immunomodulatory actions and to be associated with fewer and milder toxic effects. The role of chrysotherapy in dermatology has been reemphasized recently. It may be used as an adjuvant in pemphigus or other steroid-responsive diseases to help control disease activity and to taper or eliminate corticosteroid therapy more rapidly. Reports on the use of gold in dermatology are otherwise limited. They include one case of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and psoriatic arthritis. The benefits of gold treatment have to be weighed against the risks inherent in its adverse reactions, some of which are serious and unpredictable.

Gold↗
PubMed1987

Dermatologic findings associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are associated with an increased prevalence of several dermatologic diseases. We studied healthy homosexual men with negative reactivity to HIV antibody, homosexual men without AIDS but with positive reactivity to HIV antibody, and homosexual men with AIDS to compare the prevalence of dermatologic disease in these groups. We found that five cutaneous disorders were increased in persons with HIV infection. Oral hairy leukoplakia was increased both in seropositive subjects without AIDS and in subjects with AIDS. Condylomata acuminata and seborrheic dermatitis were slightly increased in seropositive non-AIDS subjects and significantly increased in the AIDS group. Molluscum contagiosum and oral candidiasis were increased only in the AIDS group.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Dermatologic findings related to human immunodeficiency virus infection in high-risk individuals.

A variety of dermatologic disorders have been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This prospective study reports the frequency of mucocutaneous findings in 237 individuals at high risk for HIV infection, 33 of whom were HIV seropositive, during a follow-up of 5 to 36 months; 12.1% of the study population, all of them HIV seronegative, were devoid of any pathologic changes of the skin or mucous membranes, whereas all HIV-seropositive individuals exhibited one or several pathologic conditions during the observation period. Oral candidiasis, seborrheic and infectious eczematoid dermatitis, and acquired ichthyosis were among the most frequently encountered dermatologic disorders among the HIV-seropositive individuals, and a worsening of the skin symptoms accompanied the clinical deterioration of the patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Yield from a complete skin examination. Findings in 1157 new dermatology patients.

A complete skin examination has been recommended by many dermatologists. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of this examination. Of 1157 consecutively treated new dermatology patients, 1106 (96%) agreed to a total skin examination. Important incidental lesions were found in 162 (15%) of these patients. The types of incidental findings included (1) rashes helpful in establishing the primary diagnosis--20 patients (1.8%); (2) important rashes unrelated to the primary diagnosis--37 patients (3.3%); (3) malignant tumors--22 patients (2.0%); (4) clinically dysplastic nevi--25 patients (2.3%); and (5) congenital nevi--31 patients (2.8%). One patient had an incidental melanoma and another was found to have Kaposi's sarcoma, which led to the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is concluded that a complete skin examination is productive and it is recommended for all new dermatology patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug therapy on bleeding complications in dermatologic surgical patients.

BACKGROUND: Aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit platelet cyclooxygenase activity, resulting in altered platelet function and thus potentially enhanced bleeding. OBJECTIVE: We examined the frequency of operative bleeding complications in dermatologic surgical patients taking these drugs and the value of template bleeding time estimates in predicting this complication. METHODS: Bleeding time was measured with and without therapy in 23 patients and was correlated to bleeding complications after skin tumor or benign lesion excision in 40 patients taking aspirin, 21 taking NSAIDs, and 20 taking neither drug. RESULTS: Bleeding time dropped significantly (p < 0.01) when patients stopped therapy for at least 5 days (median, 7 days), although bleeding time was prolonged in only 6 of 16 patients taking aspirin and 2 of 7 taking NSAID. In patients who continued antiplatelet drugs during surgery, bleeding time was prolonged in 8 of 40 patients taking aspirin and in 1 of 21 treated with NSAIDs. Excessive intraoperative bleeding occurred in three aspirin-treated patients, all of whom had a prolonged bleeding time, compared with none of those with normal bleeding times (p < 0.001, Fisher's exact probability test) and with none of those taking NSAIDs. Postoperative ooze requiring a dressing replacement occurred in one NSAID-treated patient and in three patients taking neither drug. CONCLUSION: Bleeding time is increased by aspirin and NSAID therapy but is prolonged beyond the normal range in only approximately 25% of aspirin-treated and 10% of NSAID-treated patients. Intraoperative bleeding complications occurred only in patients receiving aspirin who had a prolonged bleeding time. Postoperative oozing occurred only in NSAID-treated and in untreated patients and thus is probably unrelated to antiplatelet therapy. Patients with a normal bleeding time can continue aspirin or NSAID therapy before dermatologic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lasers in dermatology.

The use of dermatologic laser therapy is rapidly expanding. Thirty years of experience has produced advances in the technology, techniques, and therapeutic efficacy of dermatologic lasers. The original lasers have been improved and modified, and new types of lasers have expanded the dermatologist's therapeutic repertoire. Extensive research has provided a greater understanding of the skin's clinical and histologic response to laser treatment. This has allowed dermatologists to expand their therapeutic options and techniques and to improve clinical outcome.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed2003

Behavioral dermatology.

The practice of behavioral dermatology encompasses the management of any dermatologic condition for which there is a substantial behavioral or emotional component. Commonly recognized behavioral dermatoses such as acral lick dermatitis, psychogenic alopecia, and hyperesthesia are syndromes rather than discrete diagnoses. Successful patient management is dependent upon integrating physiological, social, and environmental factors which contribute to the clinical manifestation of behavioral dermatoses.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Dermatologic aspects of tick bites and tick-transmitted diseases.

Dermatologic manifestations of tick bites and tickborne disease are not commonly encountered. However, recognition of the signs and histopathologic conditions of tick bites can be important to the diagnosis and management of small animal diseases. Understanding the local nodular inflammatory reaction to a tick bite can allay the owner's fear that a newly recognized nodule may be a malignant growth. Additionally, recognition of tick bites and pathognomonic dermatologic changes may provide important evidence in making a diagnosis of tick-transmitted diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Pediatric dermatology.

There are a great many disorders that can affect young animals in addition to those with a hereditary component. Still, it is important to consider genodermatoses whenever a young animal presents with dermatological lesions. Fortunately, most dermatological conditions that affect young pups and kittens carry a good prognosis for diagnosis and full recovery. It is, however, important to correctly identify those animals with a poor prognosis if for no other reason than to offer supportive genetic counseling to minimize the risk of the trait being perpetuated.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Current uses of diagnostic high-frequency US in dermatology.

OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of most skin diseases, both focal and diffuse, has long relied mainly on physical examination findings. The recent introduction of technologically advanced ultrasound equipment using 20 MHz probes has permitted the specific application of ultrasound to dermatology. Accordingly, we investigated whether the findings at very high frequencies can represent a valid adjunct to clinical assessment in many skin conditions, including neoplasms, inflammatory states and diseases of unknown origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Skin lesions are studied using high frequency probes, which very clearly detail the three layers (epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissues) forming the normal skin. The choice of the probes frequency should depend mainly on the lesion diameters and site. Electronic 7.5-13 MHz linear probes depict flat and regular surfaces effectively and provide a wider field of surface vision and, therefore, a wider view than sectorial probes. Water bath sectorial mechanical probes with 10-20 MHz frequency have very superficial focusing and are excellent to study irregular surfaces. RESULTS: High frequency ultrasound can be usefully correlated with clinical tests to study focal skin lesions. The diagnosis of most benign skin cancers is usually made on clinical bases. Ultrasound examinations are performed preoperatively in questionable cases. Malignant neoplasms appear at ultrasound as hypoechoic focal lesions, generally with no specific features in relation to the histologic type; nevertheless, preoperative ultrasound may play an important role in that it measures the thickness of cutaneous melanoma, which is a very important prognostic factor. In particular, 20 MHz probes permit to assess the depth of melanoma invasion. The sonographic evaluation of melanoma thickness is usually in agreement with histologic findings. 'Satellite' neoplastic lesions growing near the main tumor can also be revealed. Color and power Doppler studies may be combined with gray-scale imaging: the identification of abnormal intra- or peritumoral low-resistance pulsatile flow signals suggests the malignant nature of the cutaneous lesion. High frequency ultrasound can also be used to study diffuse cutaneous conditions. Among them, ultrasound can provide a valid morphologic representation of psoriatic skin lesions and it is also a noninvasive and accurate method for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of antipsoriatic drugs. In scleroderma, sonographic findings vary depending on disease activity and the patterns vary; therefore, 20 MHz probes may also prove useful over the other instrumental tools to monitor the disease course and treatment efficacy in focal scleroderma. Other potential applications include allergic dermatitis, nodular erythema, dermatomyosis, sarcoidosis, lymphedema of the limbs and allergologic conditions. Ultrasound can also be used in monitoring the response to or complications of topic drugs administration, and in the follow-up of focal burns. CONCLUSION: High frequency ultrasound can provide a reliable morphologic representation of skin lesions but it is also an accurate noninvasive tool for monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of drugs administration in focal or diffuse diseases. The application of high frequency studies to dermatology is very challenging. Indeed, the very high frequency probes up to 20 MHz currently available are particularly useful for reliable studies. Contrast-enhanced color and power doppler are very promising techniques. Advancements in technology will improve the correlation of clinical with high frequency ultrasound findings in the assessment of several skin diseases.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Clinicopathologic attributes of common geriatric dermatologic entities.

Certain dermatologic lesions may initially present or be more commonly ascribed to the elderly. These disorders encompass a diverse array of etiologically unrelated degenerative, autoimmune, idiopathic, and neoplastic conditions that may dramatically impact the quality of life and produce significant morbidity and mortality. As the population ages, a more complete understanding of the clinical and histopathologic features unique to the geriatric dermatologic patient is essential.

Acantholysis↗
PubMed2000

The use of psychotropic drugs in dermatology.

In approximately one third of dermatology patients, the effective management of a skin condition also involves consideration of associated emotional and psychosocial factors. Psychotropic drugs are an important part of the dermatologist's therapeutic armamentarium. This article reviews some of the salient pharmacologic guidelines and important drug-drug interactions involved in the use of the major classes of, for example, antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs, in the dermatologic patient.

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System↗
PubMed2001

Hormonal therapy in dermatology.

Hormonal therapy in dermatology is used primarily to reverse or diminish the effect of androgens, which are responsible for causing acne, hirsutism, and androgenetic alopecia. Although hormonal therapy is one of many treatments for acne, it is the only medical therapy available for hirsutism, and likely the only hope for the successful medical treatment of androgenetic alopecia. This article addresses the pathophysiologic rationale for the use of hormonal therapies in dermatology, the patients, the diseases for which they are used, the drugs most used, and what pretreatment evaluation should be considered.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1996

Dermatologic nondisease.

Dermatologic nondisease is a relatively common problem presenting to dermatologists with rich symptomatology in important body image areas such as the face, scalp, and genital area. There is no objective dermatologic change present on examination. The most common psychiatric disease present is depression. Suicide is common, especially in women with perceived facial problems.

Body Image↗