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PubMed1984

Respiratory changes after intraarterial acetylcholine and abdominal concussion.

In 50 dogs anesthetized with chloralose the respiratory changes produced by intraarterial acetylcholine (ACh) and after an abdominal blow, were studied. Intraarterial ACh produced expiratory apnea when it was injected in the superior and inferior mesenteric artery, splenic and left gastric artery. This apnea disappeared when the splanchnic nerves were severed and disappeared or decreased after atropine sulfate was injected. The duration of the apnea coincides with the contraction of the gut smooth muscle recorded, with a small balloon placed in the jejunum or in the ileum. The ACh did not produce respiratory changes when it was injected in the hepatic artery and pulmonary trunk. In the peripheral arteries, especially in the subclavian, ACh injection produced a respiratory stimulation which could be caused by the pain which accompanied the muscular contraction. After a blow in the abdominal wall, an expiratory apnea was also obtained, similar to that observed by the injection of ACh in the gastrointestinal arteries. This apnea disappeared when splanchnic nerves were severed or when atropine sulfate was injected. Smooth muscle contraction was also observed, suggesting that the expiratory apnea was originated in the smooth muscle receptors.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in the blood clotting system in cerebral compression and concussion].

Study of the blood coagulation system (BCS) in 108 patients revealed the following regular features: before and in the first 24 hours after removal of the compression the coagulation of blood was reduced, which led to hemorrhagic complications and recurrence of the hematoma in occasional cases. Hypercoagulation of blood developed in the next days, which was conducive to the occurrence of thromboembolic and inflammatory complications. Anticoagulation therapy produced good results from the 3rd-4th postoperative day and made it possible to reduce the incidence of these complications and to remove them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Concussive blast-type aural trauma, eardrum perforations, and their effects on hearing levels: an update on military experience in Izmir, Turkey.

Thirty-two military personnel, exposed to blast injury in the last 15 months, have been investigated according to type of eardrum perforation and hearing loss in this retrospective study. It has been concluded that tympanic membrane perforations and hearing loss due to blast effect have individual patterns. Hearing loss due to trauma is not because of pressure environment alone. Final outcomes have justified the previous recommendations about ear protection in military staff, particularly in those who are working with explosive materials. Ear muffs with ear phones are appropriate, providing ear protection as well as hearing gain.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The 'railway spine': alleged spinal injury caused by railway concussions as a basis for financial claims in 19th century England].

The diagnosis 'railway spine' was a predominantly 19th century British phenomenon, with faint echos in the Netherlands. The diagnosis was controversial. Train accidents gave rise to litigation in compensation cases in which posttraumatic symptoms with no apparent lesions were related to molecular spinal damage. Medical opinion differed about the physical or psychic nature of the symptoms. The diagnosis was strongly associated with fraudulent claims for compensation and became obsolete after 1900, when the symptoms were generally diagnosed as a functional neurosis. The railway spine controversy was a precursor of the modern discussion concerning the validation of posttraumatic symptoms.

Accidents↗