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Development of security guidelines for existing healthcare systems.

As modern healthcare establishments become increasingly dependent upon information systems it is vital to ensure that adequate security is present to safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of data and the availability of systems. Whilst this is now generally recognized in the design of new systems, many existing operational systems have been implemented without security in mind. This paper describes the need for a standardized approach in the protection of existing healthcare systems within Europe and presents an overview of a new set of information security guidelines that have been developed specifically for the medical community. The guidelines discussed have been produced as a deliverable of the Commission of European Communities (CEC) SEISMED (Secure Environment for Information Systems in Medicine) project, under the Advanced Informatics in Medicine (AIM) programme.

Computer Security↗

Computer literacy: a mission for continuing education for professional nurses.

Because of the necessity for nurses to become computer literate, the continuing education program at the University of Texas at El Paso, College of Nursing and Allied Health offers basic computer workshops. This article describes the workshops, the participants, the approach to minimizing computer anxiety, and the response to the workshops.

Adolescent↗

A summer institute on computer applications for nursing management: background, curriculum, and evaluation.

Nursing managers are faced with a growing number of computer applications for nursing management, yet they may lack the educational preparation to assist them in using these technologies for problem-solving and decision-making. This article describes a Summer Institute on informatics applications for nursing management taught by an international and multidisciplinary team of faculty members, and offered at the University of Limburg (Maastricht, The Netherlands). A discussion of professional, scientific, and educational issues serves as the foundation for curriculum content and instructional format. Evaluation data from both offerings are reviewed and underscore the professional relevance and didactic quality of the Summer Institute. The Summer Institute is presented as a possible model of continuing education in computer applications for nursing management transferable to Western European and North American countries.

Computer User Training↗

Six rules for computers and other stumbling blocks to obtaining an advanced degree.

BACKGROUND: The decision to return for an advanced degree in nursing, after many years outside the academic environment, can be fraught with uncertainty, doubt, and panic. The majority of returning students attempt to juggle career, family, community obligations, and school simultaneously. Nurse educators are in the perfect position to act as well-informed resource people, facilitators, and mentors for these returning students. METHOD: The expression "experience is the best teacher" proved to be true. The first author's (B.C.) return to a master of science program after 18 years out of school provided the opportunity to "learn as you go." This article was written with the desire to help ease the transition and lessen the fear for others. RESULTS: The first author (B.C.) graduates in May 1999 with a MS as a Family Nurse Practitioner, enriched and stronger because of the experience, enthusiastic, and facing the future of the nursing profession with a positive and energetic outlook. CONCLUSION: Provision of support; networking with other returning students; and understanding the basic tool in modern education, the computer, eases the return for an advanced degree. Nurse educators' involvement in educational growth, both individually and as proponents for nurses who are dependent on those educators' expertise, is vital to nursing and its evolution as a profession.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Lessons learned: developing education for a system-wide documentation project.

BACKGROUND: As Summa Health System implemented an integrated interdisciplinary documentation system, educational sessions for staff had to be developed and presented. METHOD: Structure of classes, scheduling of sessions, ongoing revisions and refinements, and key elements of success are shared. RESULTS: Staff members incorporated the documentation changes into practice. CONCLUSION: Other organizations may benefit and learn from the experiences of our two-hospital system in developing and scheduling education for a system-wide change project.

Computer User Training↗

Use of a search model to enhance patient education in a clinical setting.

Many paths lead toward the goal of safe, high-quality health care. One component of this goal is to obtain current and relevant information for client care. Patients, as well as health care providers, use the World Wide Web to find information. With the growing number of documents on the Web, an organized approach to searching fosters locating desired material, evaluating authenticity and accuracy, and applying the material to the patient, student, or practitioner population, as appropriate. This article explores the use of a search model in a nurse-managed clinic for homeless and lower income patients. Nurses in a wide variety of settings use the search process described to locate useful health care information.

Computer User Training↗

The RN-BSN bridge course: transitioning the re-entry learner.

BACKGROUND: Although most RN-to-BSN programs offer bridge courses, little can be found in the literature about common course objectives, content, or outcomes. METHOD: This article details course objectives, course content, course implementation, and preliminary outcomes of a primarily distance learning RN-to-BSN bridge course at a northern California university. RESULTS: Preliminary outcome assessments suggested greater than expected increases in role and campus socialization, as well as computer literacy, as a result of RN-to-BSN bridge course implementation. CONCLUSION: The RN-to-BSN bridge course can successfully be used to transition the re-entry student and may be the link allowing RN-to-BSN students to effectively face the concurrent challenges of role socialization and computer literacy while mastering course content and course objectives.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Bridging the gap: creating faculty development opportunities at a large medical center.

Faculty development often focuses on developing practicing professionals into teaching experts within a classroom setting. As such, the topic of nursing faculty development is often written about from the standpoint of an employing traditional academic institution. Nursing faculty also have development needs related to practice within a clinical education institution. How do faculty members maintain a current perspective on endless changes in the clinical setting? This becomes particularly challenging if faculty are not actively engaged in nursing practice at the bedside and utilize a clinical facility for education sporadically throughout an academic year. This article describes the method one large academic medical center used to partner collaboratively with schools of nursing to create opportunities for faculty development. A need for clinical faculty development was recognized and a clinical facility faculty day was created and implemented. Information shared during this faculty development day included institutional practice changes, the implementation of a computerized medical record documentation system, general orientation policies, and procedures related to the conducting of business within the institution. A networking opportunity was also provided for faculty and the institutional healthcare leadership staff. Anecdotal evaluation information is also shared.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Teaching teachers to teach with technology.

As the local and national shortage of nursing faculty grew, the Washington State University College of Nursing revised and expanded their nursing education courses in a technologically intense pilot program. Reflections on all phases of the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the first course in this program are described as lessons learned with implications for future nursing education and research endeavors.

Computer User Training↗

Long-term care information systems: an overview of the selection process.

Under the current Medicare Prospective Payment System method and the ever-changing managed care environment, the long-term care information system is vital to providing quality care and to surviving in business. system selection process should be an interdisciplinary effort involving all necessary stakeholders for the proposed system. The system selection process can be modeled following the Systems Developmental Life Cycle: identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives; determining information requirements; analyzing system needs; designing the recommended system; and developing and documenting software.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

The affective outcomes of course work on computer technology in nursing.

At the University of Iowa, nursing students are introduced to computer technology as one unit in a course designed to explore nursing as a profession. A single group, pretest/posttest design was used to evaluate changes in attitudes associated with the course work. Relationships of attitudes scores and eight background variables were studied. Posttest attitudes scores were significantly higher than pretest scores. The attitudes scores were positively related to skills scores at a statistically significant level of .05, with no significant relationship between attitudes scores and knowledge base scores. Four of the eight background factors were related to the attitudes scores at a statistically significant level of .05.

Adult↗

Results of a national survey indicating information technology skills needed by nurses at time of entry into the work force.

A national survey was conducted to determine the information technology skills nurse administrators consider critical for new nurses entering the work force. The sample consisted of 2,000 randomly selected members of the American Organization of Nurse Executives. Seven hundred fifty-two usable questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 38%. The questionnaire used a 5-point Likert scale and consisted of 17 items that assessed various technology skills and demographic information. The questionnaire was developed and pilot tested with content experts to establish content validity. Descriptive analysis of the data revealed that using e-mail effectively, operating basic Windows applications, and searching databases were critical information technology skills. The most critical information technology skill involved knowing nursing-specific software, such as bedside charting and computer-activated medication dispensers. To effectively prepare nursing students with technology skills needed at the time of entry into practice, nursing faculty need to incorporate information technology skills into undergraduate nursing curricula.

Computer Literacy↗