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PubMedDate not supplied

[The biological effects in animals related to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 4. The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats].

A study was made of the morphological and ultrastructural changes in hepatic tissue of rats lived within the Chernobyl accident zone during the period of 6 to 25 months. Considerable nonspecific changes in hepatocytes (fatty, vacuolar and parenchymatous degeneration, and hepatocyte necrobiosis) were seen throughout the entire period of observation. Coagulation necrosis of certain hepatocytes, Kupffer and endothelial cells, and the development of microcholangiomas by the end of the second year were the most characteristic alterations.

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PubMed1991

[Dynamics of mental adaptation disorders in chronic stress among the population after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant].

A study was made of the formation and dynamics of mental disadaptation in 300 persons living permanently for 4 years in a polluted area of Byelorussia after the Chernobyl accident. The high incidence of chronic somatic diseases was marked, forming the basis for the onset of multiple forms of mental disadaptation. 38% of the examined manifested the preclinical premorbid forms of disadaptation. Description of the structure of the forms of the abnormalities observed permits forecasting their further development and developing differentiated measures of therapy.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of experimental radiobiological studies made within the 10-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl AES accident].

A study was made of the effect of high radioactive contamination on the animal organism (C57BL/6 mice) and HeLa cell culture within the ten-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl A.P.S. accident. The total radiation dose, as calculated by a gamma-component, was 0.09 to 2 Gy. A long-term exposure of mice within the zone (cumulative dose of 1.8 to 2 Gy) caused a significant decrease in bone marrow stem potencies and changes in the brain vascular system; subsequent acute exposure of animals increased interferon titres in the serum to a much greater extent than a single acute exposure did. As to HeLa cells, irradiation there of with doses of 0.09 to 0.4 Gy during 15-20 postirradiation generations caused a decrease in the proliferative activity, an emergence of cells with micronuclei and of giant cells, and remote cell death.

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PubMed1992

Whole-body cesium 137 activity up to 4 years after the Chernobyl reactor accident in premature newborns, newborns, infants, and children.

Cesium 137 activity was measured after the Chernobyl incident in a whole-body radiation counter (4-pi-scintillation counter) in 85 premature and mature newborns (group 1), 174 infants and young children up to 2 11/12 years (group 2), and 48 children between 3 and 8 years (group 3) from Bonn (Germany) and surroundings. In 1987 the mean level of radioactivity in group 2, at 3.7 Bq/kg body weight corresponding to a mean radiation exposure of 11 muSv/y, was lower than that of group 1 (5.8 Bq/kg, 17 muSv/y) and 3 (9.4 Bq/kg, 28 muSv/y). Up to 1990 the values of all groups revealed a continuous decrease. The latest measurements showed mean values of 0.5 Bq/kg (1.5 muSv/y) in group 1, 0.6 Bq/kg (1.8 muSv/y) in group 2, and 0.8 Bq/kg (2.4 muSv/y) in group 3. A comparison with present cesium 137 values and determinations of the end of the 1950s and beginning of 1960s, both in adults, showed good agreement. The effective dose-equivalent rates amounted to less than 1% of that from natural radiation exposure. These levels should present no teratogenic risks to the population studied and, while there are theoretical mutagenic risks, the dose is so low that no increase in measurable mutagenic effects should be observed.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 3. The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the lungs of rats].

The morphological and ultrastructural changes revealed in the lungs of rats kept within the Chernobyl accident zone during the period of 6 to 24 months were shown to be uniform and multicomponent. The changes were found both in the respiratory and the vascular connective tissue. The inflammatory processes occurred with formation of pneumonic foci, hypo- and disatelectasis, emphysematous changes, impairment of interalveolar septa, and connective tissue cell proliferation. In the lung tissue, focal and diffuse lymphoid proliferates and, at later stages, lymphomatous changes were revealed.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 5. Longevity and the carcinogenic effects].

Remote effects in laboratory animals living in conditions of exposure to a mixture of external and internal radiation resulted from the Chernobyl A.P.S. disaster have been investigated. It has been found that the rate of deaths from non-tumor illnesses grows, the incidence of neoplasms increases and their latency time decreases. The redistribution within the spectrum of benign and malignant tumors and the increase in the multiplicity coefficient have been revealed. It is concluded that chronic exposure of animals to low-level radiation from the radionuclides, resulted from the accident, brings about a much larger number of negative stochastic and nonstochastic remote effects as compared to those expected from the extrapolation of the effects produced by high radiation doses.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 8. The status of cellular immunity in different generations of rats].

In studying immunity in laboratory rats of different generations (P, F1 and F2) brought up in Chernobyl in 1989-1990 the authors have revealed the development of leuko- and lymphopenia; decrease in the absolute content of immunocompetent cells bearing Fc receptors to IgG; stable and long-lasting suppression of blood NK cell activity; reduction of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity; and changed ability of blood lymphocytes to interact contactly with allogenic mast cells. The most considerable disorders have been found in 6- and 9-month-old F1 rats and in 3- and 6-month-old F2 rats.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 11. The ultrastructure of the bone marrow cells in different generations of rats].

In studying the bone marrow cell ultrastructure in male rats (F0-F2 generations) aged 3 months, which were brought up within the thirty kilometer Chernobyl A.P.S. disaster area, considerable submicroscopic changes have been revealed in the cells at all stages of maturation, including undifferentiated blasts and mature forms of cells of the neutrophilic, eosinophilic, monocytic and erythroid haemopoiesis series, as well as stromal elements of the microenvironment, megakaryocytes and endothelium. The severity of these changes increases, as the number of generations grows, displaying frequently a destructive character.

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PubMed1991

[Quantitative, functional and cytogenetic characteristics of lymphocytes and various indicators of immunity in persons participating in the decontamination work at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant].

Immunologic and cytogenetic investigations conducted in subjects, who had been engaged in liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl NPS catastrophe, during the first months after their work was finished, showed decreased content of large granulo-containing lymphocytes and serum IgM in the blood, their levels were completely recovered 3 years later. A complex of unfavourable factors attending radiation (stress, changes in the way of life, chemical actions etc.) played an important role in the genesis of these changes.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Complexes of soil micromycetes in the area of the influence of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Complexes of soil micromycetes in the Chernobyl 30-km zone of the Ukrainian Polesye were studied for 1986-1989 with regard for such ecological parameters as the level of radiation contamination, a particular observation site, depth of soil horizon and season. As a result of the study correlation pleiads of soil micromycete complexes have been revealed with their structure and fungal genera characteristic of such complexes determined. The overwhelming majority of correlation pleiads of fungal complexes are attributed to complex-organized ones and this indicated high radioresistance of mycobiota in the studied, soils. Melanine-containing genera of fungi rank among the first in formation of correlation pleiads of soil micromycete complexes.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Chernobyl radionuclides outside the boundaries of the USSR. The European continent].

The reports on radiation sequels of Chernobyl disaster outside the country are scanty in the USSR. The present paper meets the lack, reporting the scale and the nature of the radioactive fall-outs outside the USSR. The analysis is made of possible radiological consequences of such fall-outs and the preventive measures taken by the governments of some European countries.

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PubMed1991

[Peripheral blood of children exposed to radiation as a consequence of the Chernobyl AES accident].

As many as 103 children exposed to minor doses of radiation after the Chernobyl accident were examined for peripheral blood morphology. Statistical and individual analysis did not reveal any pathological alterations on the part of the hemograms of the radiated children. At the same time they manifested certain deviations in the form of leukopenia, lymphopenia and neutropenia, suggesting the action produced by radiation factor. On the whole, these alterations were characterized as adaptation ones of multifactorial genesis. The data obtained support an assumption that the changes in the quantitative composition of blood exposed to radiation in the doses not exceeding the maximal permissible limits were not remarkable, occurring within the physiological boundaries and could be detected only during observations made over time. Emphasis is laid on the necessity of further monitoring of the hemopoietic system of the radiated children according to the current principles of dispensary observation.

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PubMed1991

[Morphologic characteristics of the myocardium of people dying after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station accident].

Two types of histological changes were found in the myocardium of 27 persons who died after the accident at Chernobyl atomic station: small foci of lesions (contractures, myocytolysis, fragmentation) and pathology, associated with vascular disturbances (venous hyperemia, statis, sludge-phenomenon, interstitial oedema, haemorrhages) typical for all cases. 6 persons had small-focal myocardial infarction, foci of infection were found in 3 cases. Small foci of lesions in the myocardium might produce disturbances of the heart rhythm revealed clinically.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytogenetic effect in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of persons with a history of acute radiation sickness as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The results of cytogenetic examination of 51 patients with acute radiation disease caused by Chernobyl accident show interindividual variability in frequency and spectrum of chromosome aberrations in men with the same diagnosis, who were first examined 9-38 months after the accident. It is shown that possibility to reveal a cytogenetic marker of radiation exposure grows up in cases with severe disease.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of the cytogenetic effect in re-examined individuals who have participated in eliminating the emergency at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant in various periods after irradiation].

The repeat cytogenetic examination of 22 persons who were exposed to acute radiation while eliminating emergency at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant has revealed interindividual variability in the rate of elimination of radiation-induced chromosome mutations. The data obtained have confirmed complexity to reconstruct individual radiation doses by the results of cytogenetic analysis carried out 1-3 years after the ionizing radiation effect.

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PubMed1991

[Reflexotherapy in the complex correction of psychosomatic disorders in patients--participants in emergency work at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant].

The article contains an analysis of current medical techniques in the reflexotherapy (acupuncture in combination with needle application therapy) of the psychosomatic syndrome in 96 patients who had participated in the Chernobyl disaster control. The contributors worked out a set of biologically active points and areas, and described the peculiarities of the acupuncture therapeutic effects.

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