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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Effect of carperitide (alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide) on the cardiovascular system in experimental animals].

The cardiovascular and diuretic actions of carperitide were studied in experimental animals. Carperitide relaxed various canine arteries and veins that were contracted by high K+ or norepinephrine. Carperitide stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase from rat thoracic aortas. Carperitide had almost no effect on coronary perfusion pressure or heart rate, but caused a slight decrease in contractile force in isolated guinea pig hearts. Carperitide tended to decrease isoproterenol-induced renin release from isolated rat kidney slices and elicited decreases in angiotensin II-induced aldosterone release from bovine zona glomerulosa cells. Intravenous injection of carperitide elicited decreases in arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance in the anesthetized and conscious dogs. Carperitide also elicited transient increases in cardiac output and coronary blood flow followed by slight decreases in them. Intravenous infusion of carperitide elicited decreases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary pressure and right atrial pressure in association with elevating plasma carperitide (ANP like immuno-reactivity) level in dogs with heart failure induced by coronary artery occlusion and saline loading. These results suggest that carperitide decreases both preload and afterload and can improve the untoward hemodynamic alterations in animals with acute experimental heart failure.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Influence of androgens on cardiovascular system in men].

It is well known fact that incidence of morbidity and mortality due to coronary artery disease is higher in men than in women. For many years experimental and clinical studies have focussed on the role of androgens in cardiovascular pathology. The clinical implications of androgens' deficiency as well as the molecular mechanisms of their action have not been well established yet. However, the increasing number of evidences suggests that androgens may have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis. In this review we discuss the androgen metabolism, their effect on cardiovascular system and the relations with major risk factors of atherosclerosis.

Androgens↗
PubMed1989

Effect of pertussis toxin treatment on postjunctional alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor function in the cardiovascular system of the pithed rat.

The role of pertussis toxin sensitive guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G-proteins) in the signal transduction processes involved in postjunctional vascular alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction has been investigated in the cardiovascular system of the pithed rat. Pertussis toxin pretreatment (50 micrograms/kg i.v., 3 days before experimentation) produced a marked inhibition of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated pressor response to B-HT 933. In contrast, pertussis toxin treatment had only a small effect on the alpha-1 adrenoceptor-mediated pressor response to cirazoline. However, after elimination of the alpha-1 adrenoceptor reserve for cirazoline with phenoxybenzamine (0.1 mg/kg i.v.), the pressor response to this agonist became highly sensitive to inhibition by pertussis toxin treatment. This pattern of inhibition of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated pressor responses by pertussis toxin is identical to that produced by inhibition of extracellular calcium influx by a high dose of the calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine (1.5 mg/kg i.a.), suggesting that those components of the alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstrictor processes that are dependent upon the translocation of extracellular calcium may involve a pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1990

[The characteristics of the course of cholelithiasis in diseases of the cardiovascular system].

The authors discuss the difficulties in diagnosing cholelithiasis. Considering the presence of disorders of the metabolic function of the liver, ultrasound examination is considered the most preferable method of diagnosis of cholelithiasis. Knowledge of the specificity of development and clinical manifestations of cholelithiasis in diseases of the cardiovascular system is of importance due to difficulties of diagnosis and high incidence of this kind of pathology among this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Effect on the cardiovascular system of a 3.5% gelatin infusion solution Gelafusal in hypertensive women in late pregnancy].

Using the method of quantitative sphygmometry with bloodless graphic recording of the arterial blood pressure and direct electronic timing of the pulse wave velocity the behaviour of the cardiovascular system in 10 hypertensive late pregnant women was examined before, during and after the intravenous infusion of 500 ml of a 3,5% gelatinous infusion solution (Gelafusal) given within 30 minutes. There is a mild and transient expansion of the plasma volume. Arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance remain constant nearly. Consequently the employment of Gelafusal in hypertensive late pregnant women is possible without making worse the arterial hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of prostatic cancer: effects on serum lipoproteins and the cardiovascular system.

We studied 32 patients with prostatic cancer before, and after 1 and 6 months of treatment with orchiectomy, estramustine phosphate or conventional estrogens (polyestradiol phosphate plus ethinyl estradiol). Lipid metabolism was evaluated by lipoprotein analysis and the intravenous fat tolerance test. Effects on the cardiovascular system were studied by exercise electrocardiography, blood volume estimation and thoracic electrical impedance measurement, a sensitive method to detect early signs of fluid retention. Present treatment programs for prostatic cancer seem to result in effects on lipoprotein metabolism that probably are of minor importance for the development of atherosclerotic manifestations. Measurement of thoracic impedance may be of value to detect fluid retention in individual patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone and some of its histidine analogs on the cardiovascular system and prolactin release in the conscious rat.

The cardiovascular and endocrine activity of three analogs of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), 4-nitro-imidazole TRH (4-nitro-TRH), 2-trifluoro-methyl-imidazole TRH (2-TFM-TRH) and 4-trifluoro-methyl-imidazole TRH (4-TFM-TRH), was compared to TRH in conscious rats. Injection of TRH or the three analogs (1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) into the arterial line induced increases in mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and heart rate and raised plasma prolactin (PRL). None of the analogs were more potent than TRH in inducing cardiovascular changes. The 4-TFM-TRH was significantly less potent than the 2-TFM-TRH in increasing blood pressure, while the nitro-TRH was more potent than the 2-TFM-TRH in producing tachycardia. TRH induced a two-fold increase in PRL at the 5 mg/kg dose, while both the fluorinated analogs elicited a 4 to 5 fold increase in PRL at the higher dose. The present results suggest that the receptors for TRH-elicited PRL release differ from TRH-receptors involved in its cardiovascular actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Functional and morphologic changes in the cardiovascular system in acute emboligenic arterial obstruction of the extremities].

Cardiovascular function was studied in 129 dogs during temporary occlusion of aortic terminal portions followed by blood flow recovery in the limbs. As ischemia grew in duration, the heart's functional reserves became exhausted, venous tone decreased, while arterial tone, total peripheral resistance and aortic pressure increased, a deficiency of circulating blood volume (CBV) built up, and cardiomyocyte metabolic disorders and lesions were intensified. The recovery of limb blood flow within 2 hours after a three-hour-long ischemia results in the recovery of cardiovascular function. Revascularization following 6 hours' ischemia is associated with the development of latent heart failure. Revascularization after 12 hours of ischemia results in reduced CBV, intropism and vascular tone, and marked metabolic and microcirculatory disorders and cardiomyocyte damage.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1982

The effects of psychotropic drugs on the cardiovascular system.

Clinicians may encounter substantial numbers of patients with cardiovascular disease who may be receiving cardiovascular medications and who also need psychopharmacologic intervention. To provide information regarding the management of such patients, the pharmacology of the major classes of psychoactive agents is reviewed with respect to their cardiotoxicity, cardiovascular side effects, and drug-drug interactions. Management of the cardiovascular complications of psychotropic overdose is discussed, and potential therapeutic uses of psychoactive medications in patients with cardiovascular pathology are noted.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1999

Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors and invasion of cells of the cardiovascular system.

Our laboratory is interested in the genes and gene products involved in the interactions between Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and the host. These interactions may occur in either the periodontal tissues or other non-oral host tissues such as those of the cardiovascular system. We have previously reported the cloning of several genes encoding hemagglutinins, surface proteins that interact with the host tissues, and are investigating their roles in the disease process. Primary among these is HagA, a very large protein with multiple functional groups that have significant sequence homology to protease genes of this species. Preliminary evidence indicates that an avirulent Salmonella typhimurium strain containing hagA is virulent in mice. These data indicate that HagA may be a key virulence factor of Pg. Additionally, we are investigating the invasion of primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) by Pg because of the recent epidemiological studies indicating a correlation between periodontal disease (PD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). We found that some, but not all, strains of Pg are able to invade these cells. Scanning electron microsopy of the infected HCAEC demonstrated that the invading organisms initially attached to the host cell surface as aggregates and by a "pedestal"-like structure. By transmission electronmicroscopy it could be seen that internalized bacteria were present within multimembranous compartments localized with rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, invasion of the HCAEC by Pg resulted in an increase in the degradation of long-lived cellular proteins. These data indicate that Pg are present within autophagosomes and may use components of the autophagic pathway as a means to survive intracellularly. However, Pg presence within autophagosomes in KB cells could not be observed or detected. It is therefore likely that Pg uses different invasive mechanisms for different host cells. This and the role of HagA in invasion is currently being investigated further.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Estrogen signaling in the cardiovascular system.

Estrogen exerts complex biological effects through the two isoforms of estrogen receptors (ERs): ERalpha and ERbeta. Whether through alteration of gene expression or rapid, plasma membrane-localized signaling to non-transcriptional actions, estrogen-activated ERs have significant implications in cardiovascular physiology. 17-beta-estradiol (E2) generally has a protective property on the vasculature. Estrogen treatment is anti-atherogenic, protecting injured endothelial surfaces and lowering LDL oxidation in animal models. Increased NO production stimulated by E2 results in vasodilation of the coronary vascular bed, and involves rapid activation of phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling to eNOS in carotid and femoral arteries. Both isoforms of ERs impact various vascular functions, modulating ion channel integrity, mitigating the response to arterial injury, inducing vasodilation, and preventing development of hypertension in animal models. In addition to reducing afterload by vasodilation, ERs have a direct antihypertrophic effect on the myocardium. E2-activated ERs (E2/ER) antagonize the hypertrophic pathway induced by vasoactive peptides such as angiotensin II by activating PI3K, subsequent MICIP gene expression, leading to the inhibition of calcineurin activity and the induction of hypertrophic genes. In models of ischemia-reperfusion, E2/ER is antiapoptotic for cardiomyocytes, exerting the protective actions via PI3K and p38 MAP kinases and suppressing the generation of reactive oxygen species. In sum, E2-activated ERs consistently and positively modulate multiple aspects of the cardiovascular system.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

A six year follow up study of the subclinical effects of carbon disulphide exposure on the cardiovascular system.

AIMS: A six year prospective cohort study was conducted to clarify whether the current carbon disulphide (CS2) exposure level is low enough to prevent subclinical health impairment and/or to ameliorate health effects due to previous high exposure. This paper describes the effects on the cardiovascular systems. METHODS: The study subjects were 432 male workers exposed to CS2 and 402 non-exposed workers in Japan, all of whom were examined in 1992-93. A total of 251 CS2 exposed, 140 formerly exposed, and 359 non-exposed workers participated in the follow up survey (follow up rate 89.9%) in 1998-99. Mean duration of exposure was 19.3 years at the end the study. Mean CS2 and 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) concentrations were 5.0 ppm and 1.6 mg/g creatinine. Health items examined were serum biochemical indices including lipids and coagulation-fibrinolysis factors, blood pressure, aortic stiffness, ophthalmography, and electrocardiography at rest and after Master's double 2 step test. Potential confounding factors were adjusted for. RESULTS: Incidence of ischaemic findings, defined as Minnesota codes I, IV(1-3), V(1-3) (at rest and after the load), or receiving treatment for ischaemia, was significantly higher in the exposed workers, especially for the spinning/refining workers (adjusted OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 4.0) or the highest quartile of six year mean TTCA (adjusted OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.8 to 8.7), although the observed increase in risk was diminished when rigorous ECG criteria were applied. Incidence of retinal microaneurysm was increased with marginal significance. Among cardiovascular risk factors we examined, only blood pressure values were significantly increased in the exposed workers. CONCLUSIONS: Increased risk of ischaemic electrocardiogram findings among Japanese viscose rayon workers was observed. Although its clinical significance is to be discussed, the current Japanese occupational exposure limit for CS2, 10 ppm, would be high to prevent subclinical cardiovascular effects in this study population.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Parasympathomimetic action of scorpion venom on the cardiovascular system.

Although the precise mechanism of the cardiovascular effects in man evoked by the venom of the yellow scorpion has yet to be completely elucidated, previous studies indicate that excessive adrenergic activity is present in many of the cases. This report describes two patients in whom yellow scorpion sting was followed by bradyarrhythmia with varying degrees of atrioventricular block which promptly regressed after the administration of atropine; this is consistent with a direct parasympathomimetic effect of the venom or with a central effect producing increased vagal tone. It is suggested that the cardiovascular actions of the venom may represent a wide spectrum of effects on the autonomic nervous system, ranging from the predominantly sympathomimetic to the predominantly parasympathomimetic.

Adult↗