[Obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts by tumor debris and/or clots in primary cancer of the liver. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Apropos of 9 personal cases and review of the literature].
The onset of jaundice in patients with primary liver cancer is sometimes caused by intra ductal biliary system tumor casts, free floating debris or hemobilia. The diagnosis of this complication is now possible by E.R.C.P. or P.T.C. We report 9 cases of unrecognized primary liver tumor revealed by intra biliary system migration of tumor casts or free floating debris. In three patients the diagnosis was operative, but for the last six cases the E.R.C.P. data in addition with U.S., C.A.T. Scan and/or hepatic angiography were helpful in determining the nature of the hepatic and biliary changes, the operability (size, location, extent). A curative surgery was not indicated in our 8 operated patients: liver resection and biliary decompression. With the palliative procedures, bilio enteric by pass (2 cases) T tube (1 case) trans hepatic uni or bilateral tubes. The survey was not longer than 11 months. Three patients died in post operative course. Only 56 patients among 117 observations of the literature have been operated: 10 liver resections including the main hepatic junction in two cases were performed with one hospital death, two patients were alive over 2 years with recurrence and three patients were disease free with a follow up less than one year. The operative mortality with palliative procedures was 34.4%; the one-two years survival was 23%; the two longest survivors lived 41 and 61 months.