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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A link between transcription and mRNP quality in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The transcription machinery plays a direct role in the assembly of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs), contributing to the loading of proteins onto nascent transcripts. Such mRNP biogenesis is linked to the THO complex that operates at the boundary between transcription and nuclear export. Early mRNP assembly events are subject to surveillance by the nuclear exosome that retains, and degrades, aberrant mRNAs. A yeast strain that carries deletions of Hpr1p and Rrp6p of the THO complex and the nuclear exosome, respectively, grows slowly, possibly due to lack of Rrp6p-dependent mRNA quality control. We selected a number of spontaneous revertant strains from the slow growth phenotype. Interestingly, transcriptional activity was reduced in all revertants. These data corroborate earlier findings that transcriptional down regulation improves growth of cells containing a crippled mRNP formation/surveillance system and illustrates the impact transcriptional activity can have on early mRNP assembly.

Models, Biological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Jordan's vulnerability: a population at risk of HIV/AIDS.

This paper describes the findings of an ethnographic study that sought to explore the influence of HIV/AIDS on the practice of primary care nurses in Jordan. The study was undertaken in three (3) rural and three (3) urban comprehensive primary health care centres. Data collection included participant observation, key informant interviews, field notation and document analysis. These data informed the development of descriptive ethnographic accounts that allowed for the subsequent identification of common and divergent themes reflective of factors recognized as influencing the practice of nurses. The findings indicate that the ability of the nurses to raise awareness and therefore reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS is unrealistic. Data shows that the population is at risk because the nurses' knowledge and skill base is inadequate and the health care facilities are crippled by limited human and physical resources. Poor management and the lack of localised leadership are also factors identified as contributing to the vulnerability of Jordanians. Enhanced commitment from the Ministry of Health and the senior nursing administration in Jordan is required if the comprehensive primary health care centres are to meet expectations and improve health outcomes of the population. Funding must be directed to improve the infrastructure of the comprehensive primary health care centres and adequate concurrent funds provided for the purchase of non-capital items. It is crucial that support be made available to up-skill the nursing staff and superior recruitment and retention initiatives implemented to address the current nursing shortages.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1990

Raptors rehabilitated in Iowa during 1986 and 1987: a retrospective study.

A retrospective study was conducted on 60 raptors representing 13 species treated at the Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine during 1986-1987. Eight species (31 individuals) were Falconiformes and five species (29 individuals) were Strigiformes. Seventy-five percent of all injuries were due to trauma and 65% of these were injuries arising from human activity, including car collisions (28%), shooting (17%) and trapping (11%). Thirty-four percent of all raptors admitted were treated and released, 25% were permanently crippled and 41% died during treatment or were euthanized. Data from this study implicate trauma resulting from human activity as a major reason for injury in free-ranging raptors presented for treatment in Iowa.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A case of spondylosis deformans in the defleshed skeleton of a wild coyote and its significance to osteopathologic interpretation.

The skeleton of a wild coyote (Canis latrans), collected in Alturas, California (USA), in 1940 and reported to have died of a blowfly infection, was analyzed. The axial components, primarily a series of fused and deformed vertebrae, had classic osteological indications of spondylosis deformans, a trauma-induced disorder. Severe crippling due to a crushing-type strain was identified as the primary pathological condition to which the coyote succumbed, with death hastened by vertebral degeneration and the complicating infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Community rehabilitation systems--studies on physical training for the disabled in Kitakyushu].

We evaluated the personal profile, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life (QOL) of 52 disabled adults who participated in the community rehabilitation services of Kitakyushu Welfare Center for the Crippled to determine the appropriateness of the rehabilitation system in Kitakyushu City. It was found that most of the participants were satisfied with the community rehabilitation services: a high score in the ADL evaluation, and a moderate score in the QOL evaluation. In this paper we propose the problems regarding 1) proper connection and division of rehabilitation services between hospitals and community rehabilitation centers, 2) long-standing participants, and 3) rehabilitation programs that are different from those performed in hospitals.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

The effect of denervation and dystrophy on the adaptation of sarcomere number to the functional length of the muscle in young and adult mice.

In young animals the elongation of the limb bones increases the functional lengths of the muscles. In adult animals the functional length of a muscle can be increased by immobilizing it in the lengthened position. In both cases the muscle adapts by adding on more sarcomeres in series. The role of the nerve supply in this adaptation has been investigated using denervated muscles and muscles from dystrophic animals where there is thought to be an abnormality of the nerve supply. Postnatal sarcomere addition in denervated muscles falls short of that of controls. Although this might mean that the nerve supply is necessary for normal addition of sarcomeres, it is just as likely that there is a change in gait resulting from denervation, which affects the sarcomere number. Sarcomere number in fully grown mice is not affected by denervation, nor is the ability of the muscle to adapt to immobilization in the lengthened position. This is true for fast-twitch as well as slow-twitch muscles. In dystrophic muscles postnatal sarcomere addition is normal, although the presence of a few short fibres in the muscle may mean that some muscle fibres cannot adapt to an increase in the functional length of the muscle accompanying bone growth. Adult dystrophic muscle is capable of adapting to immobilization in the lengthened position. However, although the total number of additional sarcomeres is the same as in normal immobilized muscle, they are added on at a slower rate. The experiments show that although denervated and dystrophic muscle fibres are in a state of atrophy they are still capable of adding on sarcomeres in series when the functional length of the muscle is increased. It would appear that the mechanism which enables the muscle to respond in this way to an increased functional length does not involve the nerve supply. This work was supported by a grant from the National Fund for Research into Crippling Diseases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Pediatric Transplant Grand Rounds. Pediatric kidney transplantation at Stanford.

(1) We believe that we have achieved excellent graft survival with pediatric kidney transplantation because: (a) we have had no technical losses; (b) there have been no primary immunologic losses within 4 years following transplantation; (c) we have avoided ATN. (2) Our cyclosporine dosage has been greater than the average dosage reported by the NAPRTCS, and we believe that this has led to: (a) a low incidence of rejection episodes; (b) because of this, good 1 and 2 year average serum creatinine levels. (3) In the management of adult-sized kidneys in infants and small children I have discussed: (a) the rationale and strategy to prevent vascular thrombosis, ATN and primary non-function; (b) the importance of optimizing intravascular volume, as well as renal and aortic blood flow. (4) With regard to the management of congenital urologic abnormalities I have discussed: (a) the strategy to avoid unnecessary surgery and to avoid scar around the aorta and the vena cava, particularly in infants and small children; (b) my philosophy regarding the abnormal bladder and the successful use of the small defunctionalized urinary bladder. We believe that these have been the primary ingredients to the success we have seen. I also harken back and continue to practice the adage advanced by my former mentor Dr. Fred Belzer that 'no kidney is better than a bad kidney!' And this could not be more true than in pediatric kidney transplantation, where graft failure enhanced by suboptimal graft quality may potentially both cripple the child and shorten his/her life.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Budget deficits threaten to shut out Medicaid benefits.

Revenue shortfalls are prompting state officials to seek creative ways to keep their Medicaid programs afloat. Some tactics include voluntary provider contributions and provider taxes to increase federal matching funds and paring back on the number and kind of benefits that states offer. Hospital groups, meanwhile, are starting their own grass-roots campaigns to shield Medicaid from crippling budget cuts.

Budgets↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Falling between the cracks.

The cost of healthcare is crippling businesses in much the same way it's hurting families. Business and health provider parties must join forces.

Cost Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The ambulatory care medical record: an administrative nightmare.

The patient medical record, according to Becky Glass and Sherri Mitchell, is a little recognized and highly underrated commodity that drives the practice and can often cripple it if not handled correctly. The authors describe how they successfully created "calm from chaos" in their academic group practice.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1992

Computer-assisted planning for orthopedic surgery.

Faced with challenging deformities and crippling arthritis, orthopedic surgeons frequently are called upon to perform increasingly complex reconstructive surgery. The desired goals of treatment include correction of deformities, relief of pain, and preservation or restoration of function.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1993

The role of the chief information officer in the health care organization in the 1990s.

During the next decade, the role of the CIO will change in two major areas: 1. The relative importance of the CIO as the person who translates business and clinical needs into information technology ideas will diminish. Although this portion of the CIO role will not disappear, this role will be increasingly filled by senior management, clinicians, and other members of the hospital staff. 2. The CIO role will need to shift from an emphasis on managing implementations and projects to developing and advancing the infrastructure. CIOs need to distinguish between the expression of the asset (the application portfolio) and the information technology infrastructure (the remaining four components of the asset). While being pressured to deliver more applications, they can fail to invest in and manage the infrastructure. This is a mistake. By neglecting management of and investment in the infrastructure (e.g., staff training and data quality) or by failing to take advantage of new technologies, they can hinder the ability of an organization to deliver superior applications. Poor data quality will cripple an executive information system and a too-permissive stance toward hardware and operating system heterogeneity will hinder the ability to deliver a computerized patient record. Although some management of the infrastructure is in place, in general it is insufficient. Few organizations have both a distinct data management function and a technical architecture plan, and also develop and enforce key technical, data, and development standards. This insufficiency will hinder their ability to effectively and efficiently apply their information technology infrastructure. The role of the CIO will evolve due to several powerful forces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1993

Bioethical catch-22: the moratorium on federal funding of fetal tissue transplantation research and the NIH revitalization amendments.

In 1988, a moratorium on the use of federal funds for fetal tissue transplantation research (FTTR) halted the promise of a cure for millions of Americans suffering from Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and other debilitating conditions. Since the moratorium began, private and international experimentation continues with mixed success. In the foreground, however, the debate rages over federal funding for fetal tissue transplantation from induced abortions into humans. In the House of Representatives and the Senate, the debate culminated with the passage of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Amendments. In addition to authorizing NIH programs, the $5.4 billion bill included measures designed to overturn the moratorium on federal funding for the transplantation research. Brimming with controversy, the bill was forwarded to the White House where it met President Bush's promised veto. The veto was sustained when the House failed to rally the two-thirds majority vote necessary to override a veto, leaving the moratorium intact and the controversy alive. Modified measures were introduced in both Houses of Congress, but a Senate filibuster in the last hours of the session foreclosed a second veto and placed the bill on the 1993 calendar. The field of fetal tissue research, currently a fraction of human health research but with the potential for a six billion dollar industry, is the focus of inevitable controversy. FTTR, as a sub-field, presents a volatile combination of the politics of abortion, the international research race, and the cries of millions of Americans suffering from Parkinson's disease and other crippling debilitations. Thus, using fetal tissue as a potential cure commands the interest and the passion of many. FTTR from induced abortions distinguishes itself from federally approved fetal tissue research because it connects a potentially beneficial health pursuit with a critically divisive moral issue of our day--abortion. By its very nature, FTTR cannot automatically enjoy the approval given to other research pursuits, primarily because at its very core lies an unresolved ethical issue. This issue is found in the connection between the procedures of aborting the fetus, harvesting the tissue, and transplanting it into a needy recipient. Unlike transplantation from ectopic pregnancies or spontaneous abortions, which are permitted by the ban, FTTR directly links decisions and procedures immersed in the moral controversy over induced abortion. This Comment outlines the debate over the transplantation research affected by the moratorium on the use of federal funds for FTTR. Whether fetal tissue from induced abortions should be procured for transplantation into humans, and if so, how its use can be regulated is a significant contemporary challenge for public policy makers. Part I of this Comment delineates the formation of public policy on the issue. Part II explains the content of the NIH Amendments as a new direction for public policy. Part III discusses the potential benefits and risks of federal funding of FTTR. Finally, part IV addresses whether the executive ban or the legislative measure is a sound, farsighted public policy.

Aborted Fetus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health plan ordered to pay high penalty.

Litigation on the basis of wrongful denial of medical benefits can literally cripple a health plan. If it can happen at Health Net, it can happen to almost any plan.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1999

Molecular analysis of single B cells from T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma shows the derivation of the tumor cells from mutating germinal center B cells and exemplifies means by which immunoglobulin genes are modified in germinal center B cells.

T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) belongs to the group of diffuse large cell lymphomas (DLL). It is characterized by a small number of tumor B cells among a major population of nonmalignant polyclonal T cells. To identify the developmental stage of the tumor progenitor cells, we micromanipulated the putative neoplastic large CD20(+) cells from TCRBCLs and amplified and sequenced immunoglobulin (Ig) V gene rearrangements from individual cells. In six cases, clonal Ig heavy, as well as light chain, gene rearrangements were amplified from the isolated B cells. All six cases harbored somatically mutated V gene rearrangements with an average mutation frequency of 15.5% for heavy (VH) and 5.9% for light (VL) chains and intraclonal diversity based on somatic mutation. These findings identify germinal center (GC) B cells as the precursors of the transformed B cells in TCRBCL. The study also exemplifies various means how Ig gene rearrangements can be modified by GC B cells or their malignant counterparts in TCRBCL: In one case, the tumor precursor may have switched from kappa to lambda light chain expression after acquiring a crippling mutation within the initially functional kappa light chain gene. In another case, the tumor cells harbor two in-frame VH gene rearrangements, one of which was rendered nonfunctional by somatic mutation. Either the tumor cell precursor entered the GC with two potentially functional in-frame rearrangements or the second VHDHJH rearrangement occurred in the GC after the initial in-frame rearrangement was inactivated by somatic mutation. Finally, in each of the six cases, at least one cell contained two (or more) copies of a clonal Ig gene rearrangement with sequence variations between these copies. The presence of sequence variants for V region genes within single B cells has so far not been observed in any other normal or transformed B lymphocyte. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) points to a generalized polyploidy of the tumor cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Final results of ultra-early diagnosis in congenital hip dislocation in the newborn infant population].

Data relating to the first year's work in ultra-early mass diagnosis of cases of congenital dysplasia of the hip are presented. Stress is laid on the importance of this type of screening as a means of preventing the crippling sequelae that this disease. Attention is drawn to the simplicity and cheapness of the examination. Particular reference is made to the notable frequency with which this form of dysplasia was observed in the children of parents known to be original inhabitants of the Sangone Valley.

Hip Dislocation, Congenital↗
PubMed1980

Health insurance: an eye on American welfare.

One of the great myths about the United States is that it does not have a welfare state. The myth is largely founded on the fact that America is one of the few remaining western nations with no national health insurance scheme to protect its citizens against the crippling costs of medical and hospital care. However, that does not mean that the United States does not have an extensive welfare system, writes John Draper.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1980

Health Care Financing Administration--PSRO hospital review; financing of activities. Final regulation.

This regulation establishes a new method for reimbursing the cost of hospital review conducted under the authority of Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs). It applies to review of hospital care provided to patients eligible under the Medicare, Medicaid, and Maternal and Child Health and Crippled Children's (MCH-CC) programs. It further implements Sections 1152(b), 1155(e), 1155(f), 1168, 1815(b), and 1861(w)(2) of the Social Security Act.

Financing, Government↗