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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[The prevalence of respiratory symptomes and immediate hypersensitivity reactions in a population exposed to flour and cereal dust in five flour mills in Morocco].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, ventilatory function disorder and immediate hypersensitivity reactions in a population exposed to flour and cereal dusts in five flour mills in Morocco. METHODS: The study of 373 exposed and 301 non-exposed subjects consisted of an analysis of working conditions and a medical survey. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of clinical respiratory symptoms was 64.1% among exposed subjects and 41.2% among non-exposed subjects. Cough, expectoration, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, asthma and chronic bronchitis were more frequent among mill-workers. Spirometry was abnormal in 31.6% of those exposed: anomalies were found in both flow and volume. Among exposed subjects with a ventilatory disorder, 77.9% had only small airways syndrome or a light deficit. Smoking was the cause of excess morbidity. Skin prick tests were positive for at least one allergen in 65.4% of exposed compared to 27.2% non-exposed subjects. The prevalence of positive skin tests to occupational allergens alone was higher among those exposed (42.4%) than among the non-exposed (9.9%). The implementation of adequate medical and technical prevention may reduce this risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Genetic analysis of inheritance of mei8, sy1 and sy10 mutations, disrupting the correct meiosis in the rye Secale cereale L].

It is shown that mutations mei8 (irregular condensation and fragmentation of meiotic chromosomes), sy1 (asynapsis), and sy10 (heterologous synapsis) of rye Secale cereal are nonallelic. In double mutants mei8 sy1 and mei8 sy10 both mutations are expressed simultaneously and independently of each other. A study of joint inheritance of mutations sy1 and sy10 revealed their interaction by means of recessive epistasis: the double mutants has the sy10 phenotype. This means that the sy10 gene controls an earlier stage of synapsis in meiotic prophase than the sy1 gene. Mutation mei8 is inherited independently of sy1 but it is linked to sy10 (recombination frequency 26.8 +/- 3.58%).

Chromosome Pairing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dependence of the results of a genetic analysis of self-pollinating cereal species on the specificity of the mapping population].

The available in literature information as for results of genetic analysis of several self-pollinating cereal species involving the use of plant lines with alien genetic material as the object of analysis is summarized. The restrictions caused by specificity of the investigated material as for the possible explanation of the obtained results are emphasized. Several suggestions concerning the preliminary study of introgressive plant lines before their including into experimental programs on genetic analysis are made.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed2003

[The effect of rye chromosomes on callus induction and regeneration in callus cultures of immature embryos of wheat-rye substitution lines, Triticum aestivum L. cultivar Saratovskaia 29/Secale cereale L. cultivar Onokhoiskaia].

The effect of individual rye chromosomes on the induction of callus and the character of its regenerating capacity was studied with cultured immature embryos of wheat-rye (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Saratovskaya 29-Secale cereale L. cv. Onokhoiskaya) substitution lines. The genotypic diversity of the substitution lines proved to significantly affect variation of parameters characterizing the major types of callus cultures, that is, frequencies of embryogenic calli, which are capable of shoot regeneration, and of morphogenic calli, which produce root structures. Functioning in the genotypic background of common wheat cultivar Saratovskaya, chromosomes 2R and 3R of rye cultivar Onokhoiskaya stimulated significantly the induction of embryogenic callus highly capable of shoot regeneration. Rye chromosome 2R present in place of chromosome 2D in the common wheat genome suppressed the induction of callus producing root structures. Rye chromosomes 1R and 6R suppressed the induction of embryogenic callus capable of shoot regeneration.

Chromosomes, Plant↗
PubMed1992

Antinutrients content of some locally available legumes and cereals in Nigeria.

Plant protein is the cheapest source of protein available to mankind but unfortunately the protein is accompanied by antinutrients. The quantity of oxalate and tannin in acha, bambara groundnut, guinea corn, millet, sesame seed, soybean and tiger nut were chemically analyzed. The white variety of sesame seed and soybean have the highest oxalate and tannin contents of 8.25 mg/g and 0.15 mg/g respectively. Among the cereals the black and brown varieties of millet have the highest oxalate and tannin contents of 4.65 mg/g and 0.07 mg/g respectively. The presence of these antinutrients makes plant (especially legumes) protein partially available and of poor quality.

Fabaceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic analysis of the short-stem populations of rye (Secale cereale L.) for the plant height trait].

The process and results of genetic analysis of the short-stem rye populations (Secale cereale L.) for the trait "plant height" are described. The analysis has been performed with the joint scaling test using data of estimation of the parental and hybrid populations developed in the cyclic reciprocal crosses between four initial populations. Monogenic, digenic, and trigenic differences between parental rye populations for two genes of incomplete dominance and one multiallelic gene with additive allelic interaction were determined.

Genes, Dominant↗
PubMed2004

[Immunoaffinity columns and determination of ochratoxin A in cereals by HPLC. Part I.: Evaluation of extraction using methanol/water].

The method for ochratoxin A determination in cereals (wheat, rye) was described. Application of immunoaffinity columns (IAC) for clean-up of extracts was investigated. The ochratoxin A content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using C18 column and fluorimetric detection at 330 nm (excitation) and 460 nm (emission). The mean recovery of ochratoxin A was 65-78%. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.015 and 0.025 microg/kg, respectively. The positive results were confirmed by reaction with BF3 complex in methanol.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed2004

Glycemic and insulinemic responses to six cereal products in healthy adults.

Glycemic index (GI) and insulin index (II) scores of six cereal-based foods (biscuits and shortbreads) were determined and the relationship between the glycemic and insulin responses of the foods was examined. The study was conducted using recommended by FAO/WHO methodology using glucose as a standard food. We obtained a range of GI scores from 49 to 68% and II scores from 51 to 75%. The test foods' blood insulin responses were in parallel to their glycemic responses although in every case the level of II was higher than the level of GI. The foods' II scores were closely related to their GI scores (r=0.80).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Simultaneous detection of type A and type B trichothecenes in cereals by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using NaCl as cationization agent.

A LC/MS method for the simultaneous determination of both type A and type B trichothecenes by using an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface in the positive ionization mode with a single quadrupole analyzer is described. In order to enhance the ionization of both groups of trichothecenes, the sodium ion was used as cationization agent by adding sodium chloride to the eluent. All LC/MS parameters were optimized. The newly developed LC/ESI-MS method was applied to the analysis of a wheat reference material and cereal-based foods and feeds.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed2004

Induction of cytoplasmic mannose-binding jacalin-related lectins is a common phenomenon in cereals treated with jasmonate methyl ester.

Treatment of whole plants with jasmonic acid methyl ester induces lectin activity in leaves of Oryza sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum vulgare, Secale cereale and Zea mays. Purification and characterization of the lectins revealed that they all have a very similar molecular structure and carbohydrate-binding properties. Further analysis of the cDNA clones encoding the lectins revealed that they all belong to the family of cytoplasmic mannose-specific jacalin-related lectins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The importance of functional ingredients in pediatric milk formulas and cereals].

Feeding during the first months of life has a decisive influence not only in early developmental phases of children but also in their long-term health. Therefore, inclusion of new functional ingredients to pediatric milk formulas is, nowadays, the matter of a number of studies, incorporating day-by-day newer products and more similar to human milk, the gold standard, which contains them in a natural way. Nowadays, technological advances have made possible to obtain these ingredients from animal or vegetal sources for their addition into pediatric milk formulas and cereals. In the present article, the main functional ingredients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, palmitate, nucleotides, pre- and probiotic oligosaccharides, carnitine and taurine are reviewed with regards to their nutritional and functional interest in infant feeding. Their incorporation in pediatric foods has been possible after carrying out animal and clinical studies that provide a solid scientific basis which guaranties their proper bioavailability and their efficacy in the newborn. In the future years, thanks to a better understanding of maternal milk composition and to the performance of further studies, it will be possible to add new ingredients that will allow to obtain pediatric milk formulas more and more similar to maternal milk from a nutritional and functional point of view.

Carnitine↗
PubMed1979

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of ochratoxin A and zearalenone in cereals.

A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for determining ochratoxin A and zearalenone in cereals. The sample is extracted with phosphoric acid and chloroform. The extract is cleaned by washing on a silica gel column with cyclohexane-ethylene dichloride-ethyl ether. After eluting zearalenone with chloroform, ochratoxin A is eluted with chloroform-formic acid. Zearalenone is extracted into alkaline solution, washed with chloroform, the pH is adjusted, and the zearalenone is extracted back into chloroform. Ochratoxin A is purified by chromatography on aqueous sodium biarbonate-Celite. The mycotoxins are determined by using a liquid chromatograph with 2 columns in series packed with Spherisorb ODS 10 micrometer and 5 micrometers, respectively. Ochratoxin A is detected with a speftrophotofluorometer, coupled in series with an ultra-violet detector for estimation of zearalenone. Detection limits are 1-5 micrograms/kg for ochratoxin A and 2 micrograms/kg for zearalenone.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic diversity in pseudomonads associated with cereal cultures infected with basal bacteriosis].

The genetic properties of 45 pseudomonad strains isolated from cereal cultures exhibiting symptoms of basal bacteriosis have been investigated. Considerable genetic diversity has been demonstrated using DNA fingerprints obtained by amplification with REP, ERIC, and BOX primers. Restriction analysis of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) allowed the strains to be subdivided into two major groups. In a phylogenetic tree, the ITS1s of these groups fell into two clusters, which also included the ITS1 of Pseudomonas syringae ("Syringae" cluster) and the ITS1 of P. fluorescens, P. tolaasii, P. reactans, P. gingeri, and P. agarici ("Fluorescens" cluster) from the GenBank database. Comparison of the ITS1 divergence levels within the "Fluorescens" cluster suggests expediency of treating P. tolaasii, P. reactans, various P. fluorescens groups, and, possibly, P. gingeri and P. agarici as subspecies of one genospecies. The intragenomic heterogeneity of ITS1s was observed in some of the pseudomonad strains studied. The results of amplification with specific primers and subsequent sequencing of the amplificate suggest the possibility of the presence of a functionally active syrB gene involved in syringomycin biosynthesis in the strains studied.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2005

[Genetic collection of meiotic mutants of rye Secale cereale L].

Genetic collection of meiotic mutants of winter rye Secale cereale L. (2n = 14) was created. Mutations were detected in inbred F2 generations after self-fertilization of the F1 hybrids, obtained by individual crossing of rye plants (cultivar Vyatka) or weedy rye with plants from autofertile lines. The mutations cause partial or complete plant sterility and are maintained in collection in a heterozygous state. Genetic analysis accompanied by cytogenetic study of meiosis has revealed six mutation types. (1) Nonallelic asynaptic mutations sy1 and sy9 caused the formation of only axial chromosome elements in prophase and anaphase. The synaptonemal complexes (SCs) were absent, the formation of the chromosome "bouquet" was impaired, and all chromosomes were univalent in meiotic metaphase I in 96% (sy1) and 67% (sy2) of cells. (2) Weak asynaptic mutation sy3, which hindered complete termination of synapsis in prophase II. Subterminal asynaptic segments were always observed in the SC, and at least one pair of univalents was present in metaphase I, but the number of cells with univalents did not exceed 2%. (3) Mutations sy2, sy6, sy7, sy8, sy10, and sy19, which caused partially nonhomologous synapsis: change in pairing partners and fold-back chromosome synapsis in prophase I. In metaphase I, the number of univalents varied and multivalents were observed. (4) Mutation mei6, which causes the formation of ultrastructural protrusions on the lateral SC elements, gaps and branching of these elements. (5) Allelic mutations mei8 and mei10, which caused irregular chromatin condensation along chromosomes in prophase I, sticking and fragmentation of chromosomes in metaphase I. (6) Allelic mutations mei5 and mei10, which caused chromosome hypercondensation, defects of the division spindle formation, and random arrest of cells at different meiotic stages. However, these mutations did not affect the formation of microspore envelopes even around the cells, whose development was blocked at prophase I. Analysis of cytological pictures of meiosis in double rye mutants reveled epistatic interaction in the mutation series sy9 > sy1 > sy3 > sy19, which reflects the order of switching these genes in the course of meiosis. The expression of genes sy2 and sy19 was shown to be controlled by modifier genes. Most meiotic mutations found in rye have analogs in other plant species.

Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of a fast high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of furanic compounds and glucosylisomaltol in breakfast cereals.

The high-performance liquid chormatography method reported in the present paper provides a fast, low-cost, precise, and simple technique to analyze simultaneously 3 different indicators of nonenzymatic browning, i.e., hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural, and glucosylisomaltol (GIM), in breakfast cereals. These compounds were extracted in aqueous solution and separated on a reversed-phase C18 column with water-acetonitrile (95 + 5, v/v) mobile phase under isocratic conditions. Average recovery rates for HMF, furfural, and GIM were 99.1, 98.4, and 99.4%, respectively. The coefficients of variation were 3.67, 2.42, and 1.59% for HMF, furfural, and GIM, respectively. The detection limit was 0.01 mg/kg, and the quantitation limit was 0.05 mg/kg for the 3 studied compounds.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residue analysis of glyphosate and its principal metabolite in certain cereals, oilseeds, and pulses by liquid chromatography and postcolumn fluorescence detection.

A postcolumn liquid chromatographic method to determine the extractable residues of glyphosate (GLYPH) and its principal metabolite, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (AMPA), in various cereals and beans is described. The finely ground sample is extracted with a mixture of chloroform and water, and the resulting aqueous layer is passed through a cation exchange column. The eluate is adjusted to pH 7-10 and passed through an anion exchange column. The second column is eluted with 0.3M HCl solution and the resulting acidic eluate is analyzed with liquid chromatography coupled with postcolumn fluorescence detection. The mean recoveries for GLYPH in barley, canola, dry pea, flax, soybean, wheat, and white bean ranged from 90.0 to 98.1%, with coefficients of variation (CV) from 2.9 to 10.0% and limits of detection (LOD) from 0.07 to 0.14 ppm. Similarly, mean recoveries for AMPA in the same crops ranged from 87.4 to 98.9%, with CV from 4.6 to 7.7 and LOD from 0.05 to 0.12 ppm. Using this method, an analyst can routinely analyze 6 samples per 1.5 days. The advantages of this procedure are discussed.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Immunoassay of ochratoxin and other mycotoxins from a single extract of cereal grains utilizing monoclonal antibodies.

Immunoassays provide rapid, specific, sensitive and inexpensive methods for analysing mycotoxins but have generally been tested individually. Mycotoxigenic fungi rarely occur in pure culture in nature, and different mycotoxins may occur together. It would therefore be advantageous if several immunoassays for different mycotoxins could utilize a single extract. Monoclonal antibodies specific for ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin, raised at the University of Strathclyde, allow detection limits of 1 ng/ml ochratoxin A, 0.1 ng/ml aflatoxin B1 and 10 ng/ml T-2 toxin, when used in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These antibodies have been used to assay ochratoxin A. aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin in a single acetonitrile: 0.5% KCl:6% H2SO4 (89:10:1) extract of cereal grain. Extracts were either diluted 1:10 for direct assay or subjected, before assay, to a simple liquid-liquid clean-up procedure, which removed interfering substances and resulted in a 5:1 concentration. Recoveries from barley to which mycotoxins had been added averaged 95.8% for ochratoxin A, 93.8% for aflatoxin B1 and 80.6% for T-2 toxin, and the detection limits were 5 ng/g for ochratoxin A, 4 ng/g for aflatoxin B1 and 50 ng/g for T-2 toxin. Mean coefficients of variation within and between assays and between subsamples were less than 12% for ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 but up to 17% for T-2 toxin in assays of barley inoculated with toxigenic fungi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1991

Chemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation of a dried salted product produced from sardines (Sardinops caerula) and cereals.

The chemical, microbiological and sensory stability of a dried salted product prepared from sardines and cereals was evaluated during a 12-week storage period. The product is named NUTRIPEZ and was produced in 20 kg/lots, both with and without smoke treatment. The product was stored under both tropical and room conditions in Mexico City, and packaged in two types of flexible packaging. Rancidity analyses were done by the peroxide value, TBA test and sensory evaluation. The results demonstrated that both the smoking of the product and the cellopolyal packaging, offered the best protection against oxidation.

Analysis of Variance↗