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PubMed2006

Kenya, Mau Mau and bioterrorism.

The Mau Mau uprising in Kenya was to some extent directed against the European settlement of the traditional African livestock and farming areas in what became known as the 'White Highlands'. The original population groups were displaced and the seasonal grazing ranges for their cattle greatly restricted. When these herders grazed their cattle alongside roads in settled areas, there was a strong response by the administration and many of the animals were impounded and sold. Reprisals for such seizures included the 'hamstringing' of settler cattle, which involved cutting the Achilles tendon of a hind limb. This effectively resulted in the animals being slaughtered on humane grounds.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2006

Preparing our public health nursing leaders with informatics skills to combat bioterrorism in the United States.

Our public health nursing leaders are practicing in a new world responding to terrorism and other threats to our nation's health. Informatics solutions provide a viable opportunity to respond to new pressures on the public health system, changes in healthcare delivery, and improvements in information technology. Informatics competencies for public health workers in the United States have been developed by a working group sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These competencies provide the framework in which to design a series of activities prepared exclusively to meet the needs of our public health nursing leaders using contemporary informatics tools and solutions. Many of these leaders graduated during an era where informatics was not recognized as a necessary component of their curriculum The completion of this proposed futuristic curriculum will allow our public health nursing leaders to work more efficiently and provide greater influence on public policy.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2005

Cellular bioterrorism: how Brucella corrupts macrophage physiology to promote invasion and proliferation.

Brucellosis is a worldwide human zoonosis caused by intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella. Virulence factors play an important role in allowing Brucella infection and proliferation within macrophages. Brucella enters macrophages through lipid raft microdomains, avoids phagolysosome fusion, and inhibits TNF-alpha secretion and apoptosis. Furthermore, Brucella can perturb bactericidal activity in macrophages by influencing the host cell response to its advantage through its LPS or by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway. To date, small steps have been taken in defining and understanding the virulence factors of Brucella used in macrophage subversion, but further investigation is required to fully explain virulence and persistence.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Do US emergency medicine residency programs provide adequate training for bioterrorism?

Currently, there is no standardized curriculum for training of emergency physicians about the health hazards related to weapons of mass destruction. Opportunities for the widespread teaching of this material have remained limited, and the range of knowledge regarding even general disaster medical care is also variable among most residency training programs in the United States. We developed a survey to ascertain whether any formal training in biological weapons is conducted in emergency medicine programs; to determine the overall subjective ability of program directors or residency directors to recognize and clinically manage casualties of biological weapons agents; and to identify which resources might be used by emergency physicians to identify and treat biological warfare casualties. We also document a baseline of current practices regarding biological weapons training in emergency medicine residency programs.

Biological Warfare↗
PubMed1999

Principles for emergency response to bioterrorism.

The recent occurrence of a series of anthrax-related hoaxes illustrates the need to educate emergency services personnel about how to best ensure patient and worker safety in the case of suspected exposure to biological threat agents. There are very few data to support the methods being used or the variation in current care. Emergency physicians, first responders, and hazardous materials response teams need a standardized approach to the management of patients who may have been exposed to biological threat agents. Currently recommended hospital infection control procedures seem appropriate for the level of risk involved with aerosolized biological threat agents. Such recommendations include standard and transmission-based precautions. These groups need a working knowledge of the isolation and infection control measures recommended for the treatment of patients exposed to those biological threat agents at outlined in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals.

Biological Warfare↗