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PubMed1977

Mucin producing carcinoid tumours of the vermiform appendix.

Six cases of an unusual mucoid variant of carcinoid tumour of the appendix are reported. These lesions are small, detected incidentally, and carry a good prognosis. Their histological features are distinctive and differ from those of ordinary carcinoid tumours and adenocarcinoma. They have been confused with adenocarcinoma, sometimes resulting in radical surgery. Surgery beyond appendicectomy is probably unwarranted in these cases. The mucin secreted by goblet cells of the normal mucosal epithelium and by the cells of these carcinoid tumours have certain histochemical similarities.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Combined goblet cell carcinoid and mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix.

Two cases of combined goblet cell carcinoid and mucinous cystadenoma occurring in the appendix are reported. The histogenesis of the goblet cell carcinoid remains one of its most controversial aspects and the occurrence of both of these relatively uncommon tumours in the same organ may lend support to the unitary stem cell hypothesis on the origin of this tumour. Alternatively, this occurrence may represent an example of the adenoma/carcinoma sequence.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Primary neoplasms of the appendix manifesting as acute appendicitis: CT findings with pathologic comparison.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the computed tomographic (CT) findings in patients with acute appendicitis related to an underlying appendiceal neoplasm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and pathologic data obtained over a 10-year period in 65 patients with primary appendiceal neoplasms were reviewed. Preoperative CT studies in patients who presented clinically with symptoms of acute appendicitis were analyzed retrospectively and in consensus by three radiologists. The appendix was evaluated on CT scans for morphology, location, presence of calcification, maximal diameter, and wall thickness. RESULTS: Twenty-six (40%) of the 65 patients with appendiceal neoplasms had presented with symptoms of acute appendicitis. Preoperative CT studies available in 22 patients showed increased appendiceal diameter, wall thickening, and periappendiceal fat stranding in 22 (100%), 22 (100%), and 21 (95%) patients, respectively. The appendiceal diameter was greater than 15 mm (mean diameter, 2.9 cm) in 19 patients (86%). Morphologic changes of concern for neoplasm were present in 19 patients (86%) and included cystic dilatation in nine patients and presence of a soft-tissue mass without dilatation in 10 patients. An appendiceal diameter greater than 15 mm and/or a morphologic abnormality were present in 21 of 22 cases (95%). CONCLUSION: CT findings strongly suggest the presence of underlying neoplasm in the majority of patients with secondary appendicitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasonic demonstration of the inflamed appendix: case report.

Ultrasound was used to visualize a grossly inflamed nonperforated appendix in a child with acute leukemia. The characteristic sonographic pattern of the gastrointestinal tract was altered, and showed thickening of the bowel wall. In this case, use of ultrasound as an initial screening procedure in a patient with abdominal complaints aided diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract abnormality prior to more traditional studies.

Appendicitis↗
PubMed1983

Perforated appendix presenting with severe diarrhea. Findings on barium-enema examination.

Severe diarrhea and marked lower abdominal cramps are unusual manifestations of appendicitis. The authors performed a barium-enema examination (BE) on 9 pediatric patients who were ultimately shown to have a perforated appendix and pelvic abscesses. In 8 cases, the atypical symptoms initially led to an incorrect clinical diagnosis. In all 9, the BE demonstrated extensive inflammatory changes of the rectosigmoid colon, caused by the surrounding pelvic infection. Recognizing this clinical and radiographic association could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment.

Appendicitis↗
PubMed1994

Surgical treatment of carcinoid tumors of the small bowel, appendix, colon and rectum.

Carcinoid tumors occur most frequently in the gastrointestinal tract. Most of these tumors are clinically silent and the diagnosis is not made before surgery. The surgical treatment depends on the localization and the size of the tumor. Small bowel carcinoid tumors metastasize in 20-30% of the cases if the tumor is smaller than 1 cm. Therefore, the primary tumor should always be resected widely including the regional lymph nodes. Carcinoid tumors of the appendix less than 1 cm in size do not metastasize. For such patients an appendectomy is the treatment of choice. For tumors larger than 2 cm, a right hemicolectomy should be performed. If the tumor is between 1 and 2 cm, the surgical treatment depends on several factors (positive lymph nodes, extension of the tumor into the mesoappendix or subserosal lymphatic invasion, age of the patient). In young patients, an aggressive treatment is preferred. Carcinoid tumors of the colon and rectum less than 2 cm in size rarely metastasize. The surgical treatment for patients with tumors less than 2 cm is local excision, whereas for patients with tumors larger than 2 cm a wide resection is advocated.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Appendicovesical fistula associated with papillovillous adenoma of the appendix.

Appendicovesical fistulae represent 5% of all intestinal vesical fistulae. Usually a known cause is appendicitis, cecal diverticulitis, cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix and carcinoid tumors. We report the 2nd case, to our knowledge, where a benign tumor is a possible reason for the formation of an appendicovesical fistula.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis with inflammation of the appendix: a case report.

Human enteric infection with Yersinia enterocolitica or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis may masquerade clinically as acute appendicitis but it is unusual for the appendix to be histologically inflamed. We report a case of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in which acute appendicitis was present in the absence of terminal ileitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Adenocarcinoma of the appendix.

Patients presenting with adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix at the Royal Preston and Chorley District General Hospitals were reviewed for the 15 year period 1972-1986. Eleven cases were identified, representing a rate of 1 in 956 for all appendicectomies performed. A third of the cases presented as acute appendicitis. However, of 8 patients who initially had an appendicectomy, only 4 subsequently underwent further surgery (right hemicolectomy). One patient died of recurrent disease. Five of the patients presenting were under 60 years of age. During the same period, the total number of appendicectomies performed annually declined by 50%. The study highlights the need to subject all appendicectomy specimens to histological examination, and that the disease presents in a younger age group than commonly seen for malignant colonic neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Urinoma formation secondary to ureteral obstruction by metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the appendix. Case report.

We report a case of secondary squamous cell carcinoma of the appendix causing spontaneous extravasation of urine and urinoma formation. On the basis of clinical findings, we interpret this rare lesion as metastatic from a cervical carcinoma surgically resected 8 years earlier. Ureteral continuity was restored by retrograde catheterization and the urinoma was drained percutaneously. The final diagnosis was made at laparotomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasonic visualisation of the inflamed appendix.

A prospective ultrasonic study of the right lower abdominal quadrant was performed in 46 patients prior to appendicectomy. Ultrasonography revealed an inflamed appendix in 24 out of 29 patients with appendicitis and excluded its presence in 16 out of 17 patients without appendicitis. The ultrasonic pattern of the inflamed appendices appeared as echo-poor/echo-free lesions with lack of movement. In six of seven patients with perforated appendices, ultrasonography revealed free intra-abdominal fluid in addition to bowel disease. The possible value of abdominal ultrasound in patients with suspected acute appendicitis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Laparoscopic management of a torted appendix.

Torted appendices are a rare occurrence but should be considered when encountering a haemorrhagic congested appendix on laparoscopy. As adhesions are rarely present, laparoscopic excision is usually a feasible option.

Adult↗
PubMed2024

Inhibiting the expression of spindle appendix cooled coil protein 1 can suppress tumor cell growth and metastasis and is associated with cancer immune cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Inhibiting the expression of spindle appendix cooled coil protein 1 (SPDL1) can slow down disease progression and is related to poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. However, the specific roles and molecular mechanisms of SPDL1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been explored yet. The current study aimed to investigate the expression levels of SPDL1 in ESCC via transcriptome analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Moreover, the biological roles, molecular mechanisms, and protein networks involved in SPDL1 were identified using machine learning and bioinformatics. The cell counting kit-8 assay, EdU staining, and transwell assay were used to investigate the effects of inhibiting SPDL1 expression on ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Finally, the correlation between the SPDL1 expression and cancer immune infiltrating cells was evaluated by analyzing data from the TCGA database. Results showed that SPDL1 was overexpressed in the ESCC tissues. The SPDL1 expression was related to age in patients with ESCC. The SPDL1 co-expressed genes included those involved in cell division, cell cycle, DNA repair and replication, cell aging, and other processes. The high-risk scores of SPDL1-related long non-coding RNAs were significantly correlated with overall survival and cancer progression in patients with ESCC (P < 0.05). Inhibiting the SPDL1 expression was effective in suppressing the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC TE-1 cells (P < 0.05). The overexpression of SPDL1 was positively correlated with the levels of Th2 and T-helper cells, and was negatively correlated with the levels of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and mast cells. In conclusion, SPDL1 was overexpressed in ESCC and was associated with immune cells. Further, inhibiting the SPDL1 expression could effectively slow down cancer cell growth and migration. SPDL1 is a promising biomarker for treating patients with ESCC.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Is the appendix a useful appendage? An empirical examination of depressive, passive-aggressive (negativistic), sadistic, and self-defeating personality disorders.

Decisions about whether to include depressive, passive-aggressive, sadistic, and self-defeating disorders in Axis II have been made difficult by a relative dearth of data. We report the results of a study identifying potential defining features of these diagnoses and assessing their distinctiveness from other Axis II personality disorders (PDs). A national sample of experienced psychiatrists and psychologists used the SWAP-200 to describe a patient with a current axis II disorder or an appendix or deleted PD from DSM-II-R. We examined clinicians' descriptions of patients to identify their most characteristic features, and then applied an empirical clustering procedure, Q-factor analysis, to see whether versions of these disorders would emerge empirically. As currently conceptualized, only passive-aggressive PD was distinct from other PDs. When the data were subjected to Q-factor analysis, the first and largest grouping was a dysphoric (depressive) PD. A hostile-negativistic subcategory emerged that resembled passive-aggressive PD, along with a revised dependent diagnosis that included many self-defeating/masochistic features. The results suggest that a depressive or dysphoric personality may represent an internalizing spectrum of personality pathology, and that a hostile-negativistic PD may be distinct from the disorders in the text of DSM-IV. Sadistic and self-defeating PD do not appear to represent distinct disorders, although they include personality traits (sadism and revictimization) associated with distinct developmental histories.

Depression↗
PubMed1978

Pseudomyxoma peritonei et ovarii with an occult neoplasm of appendix: case report.

Although pseudomyxoma peritonei is comparatively rare, the simultaneous occurrence in this condition of mucinous tumours of ovary and appendix is common and has been termed pseudomyxoma peritonei ovarii et appendicis. Four closely followed patients in a small series showed only 25% 6-year survival. This paper presents a further case with a 14-month follow-up.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Non-carcinoid epithelial tumours of the appendix--a proposed classification.

Examination of 33 cases of non-carcinoid epithelial tumours of the appendix and a review of the previous literature has led us to propose a new classification of these lesions. It is based on nomenclature currently used for similar mucosal proliferations in the colon, facilitating communication between pathologists and clinicians with respect to their nature and possible behaviour. The use of the term "mucocele" to describe any lesion in which there is mucinous distension of the appendiceal lumen, irrespective of the type of underlying mucosal pathology, is now largely discredited. Yet, although a resemblance of some appendiceal lesions to similar lesions in the colon has been recognized, current terminology is still confused by the use of "cystadenoma". We have been able to place all of the known non-carcinoid appendiceal mucosal tumours into 4 main diagnostic categories, these being--adenoma, hyperplasia, mixed adenoma/hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, and propose these terms as the basis for a new classification.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: a consecutive series from 1237 appendectomies.

AIM: To report the experience of the CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liege, Belgium, in the management of appendiceal carinoid tumor. METHODS: A retrospective review of 1237 appendectomies performed in one single centre from January 2000 to May 2004, was undertaken. Analysis of demographic data, clinical presentation, histopathology, operative reports and outcome was presented. RESULTS: Among the 1237 appendectomies, 5 appendiceal carcinoid tumors were identified (0.4%) in 4 male and 1 female patients, with a mean age of 29.2 years (range: 6-82 years). Acute appendicitis was the clinical presentation for all patients. Four patients underwent open appendectomy and one a laparoscopic procedure. One patient was reoperated to complete the excision of mesoappendix. All tumors were located at the tip of the appendix with a mean diameter of 0.6 cm (range: 0.3-1.0 cm). No adjuvant therapy was performed. All patients were alive and disease-free during a mean follow-up of 33 mo. CONCLUSION: Appendiceal carcinoid tumor most often presents as appendicitis. In most cases, it is found incidentally during appendectomies and its diagnosis is rarely suspected before histological examination. Appendiceal carcinoid tumor can be managed by simple appendectomy and resection of the mesoappendix, if its size is <or=1 cm.

Adolescent↗