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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Ecology of Aedes aegypti in Africa and Asia].

Aedes aegypti is originated from Africa and expanded around the tropical World with a pantropical distribution in 1930. Because of mosquito control, this extension decreased, but is still very important and threatening because of disease transmission. Eggs of Ae. aegypti can survive unfavorable conditions. Larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti breed into natural or artificial containers, the last being the most important. Artificial breeding-sites are mostly water storage containers and discarded containers. The water storage containers, called "canaris" in West Africa, can assume different shape according to the human populations in which they are found. In Asia, water is stored everywhere, including in large towns. The adult females of Ae. aegypti are mostly diurnal and indoor feeders. Adult densities are variable and can reach huge numbers. Active dispersion of females is weak, one female usually visit one or two houses in its life. At the opposite, passive dispersion is extreme. The mean life duration of a female is about 2 to 3 weeks, thus when infected with dengue viruses, because of the duration of the extrinsic cycle of the viruses, a female has a low probability to survive enough to transmit the disease. Nevertheless, the system works quite well. Although Ae. aegypti is a "domestic" mosquito, its ecology remains largely misunderstood.

Aedes↗
PubMed1996

Update: mass vaccination with oral poliovirus vaccine--Asia and Europe, 1996.

In 1995, a group of 18 geographically contiguous countries in Europe, Central and South Asia, and the Middle East cooperated in conducting coordinated National Immunization Days (NIDs) with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) had designated this effort "Operation MECACAR" (MEditerranean, CAucasus, and Central Asian Republics). Operation MECACAR was repeated in 1996 with the addition of the Russian Federation. This report describes OPV coverage achieved during the mass vaccination campaign in 1996 and summarizes the impact of the NIDs on poliomyelitis incidence during 1995, and the first 6 months of 1996.

Asia↗
PubMed1996

Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in the Asia-Pacific region.

The incidence of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific will soon pass that in Africa and is projected to increase into the next century. The AIDS epidemic arising from these infections will have enormous consequences for the health and socioeconomic development of a region encompassing more than half the world's population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

[The "Indian deletion" in the hypervariable segment II of mitochondrial DNA is absent in representatives of the native population of Northeastern Asia].

By means of MspI digestion analysis, a screening of the "Central American" deletion of six base pairs in the position 106-111 bp of the mtDNA control region in samples from native (Asian Eskimos, coastal Chukchi, Koryaks, and Evens) and migrant (Slavic group) inhabitants of northeastern Asia was performed. The absence of a 6-bp deletion in all the studied samples was demonstrated.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1997

Medical physics is alive and well and growing in South East Asia.

In recent years there has been a significant economic growth in South East Asia, along with it a concurrent development of medical physics. The status of four countries--Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia are presented. Medical physicists in these countries have been experiencing the usual problems of lack of recognition, low salaries, and insufficient facilities for education and training opportunities. However the situation has improved recently through the initiative of local enthusiastic medical physicists who have started MS graduate programs in medical physics and begun organizing professional activities to raise the profile of medical physics. The tremendous support and catalytic roles of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and international organizations such as International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO), and International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) have been instrumental in achieving progress. Contributions by these organizations include co-sponsorship of workshops and conferences, travel grants, medical physics libraries programs, and providing experts and educators. The demand for medical physicists is expected to rise in tandem with the increased emphasis on innovative technology for health care, stringent governmental regulation, and acceptance by the medical community of the important role of medical physicists.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1997

Update: progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--South East Asia Region, 1995-1997.

In 1988, the World Health Assembly established the goal of global poliomyelitis eradication by the year 2000. Since then, substantial progress has been reported from all World Health Organization (WHO) regions by implementing strategies to prevent, detect, and interrupt transmission of poliovirus. In WHO's South-East Asia Region (SEAR), the successful application of these strategies has resulted in a 96% decrease in the number of annually reported polio cases during 1989-1996 (from 25,711 cases to 1116 cases). Acceleration of intensified surveillance continues to be critically important for identifying the remaining reservoirs of poliovirus circulation for targeted mass vaccination campaigns. This report summarizes data on progress in SEAR toward polio eradication as of April 1, 1997, and updates previous reports.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1998

[Polymorphism in region V of mitochondrial DNA in indigenous populations of northern Asia].

The insertion and deletion polymorphisms of region V of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were studied in three indigenous populations of northern Asia: Yakuts, Evens, and Koryaks. In Evens and Koryaks, polymorphism was not found. In Yakuts, a 9-bp deletion and a 4-bp insertion were revealed in mtDNA region V. Sequencing of mtDNA region V confirmed the presence of these mutations. The results obtained, together with data published earlier, indicate that the frequencies of both the deletion and the insertion in Yakuts are 1.21%. The association between the 9-bp deletion and the types of the mtDNA control region were studied. The data obtained indicated that this deletion belonged to the Asian deletion cluster.

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The origin of Europeans is not rooted in the Middle East but in southern east Asia.

The study of tooth crown variables has proven useful in the assessment of human origin and dispersal. I show that multivariate analysis of quantified total tooth structure from dental X-rays is a powerful phylogenetic methodology. From an analysis of the complex global dental phenotype ("GDP," composed of approximately 30 root, pulp, crown, and enamel variables per tooth), a representative Western European population was found to associate with Southeast Asians, while Mongolians formed a tight cluster with all Native Americans. The results suggest that either an emigrant wave, or waves, of modern humans emerged from Africa and with time segregated into at least three groups: Australian aborigines, Europeans, and Southeast Asians, or less likely due to genetic and archaeologic observations, a southern Asia origin of all modern humans from an emigrant African hominid. Both hypotheses portend an early evolution of the European genotype and support the argument that Europeans are principally derived from Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, and thus Middle East Neolithic people did not have a major genetic impact on Europeans.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1998

Molecular characterization of multiresistant strains of Salmonella typhi from South Asia isolated in Ontario, Canada.

Two hundred and fourteen isolates of Salmonella typhi submitted to our laboratory between 1992 and 1996 were tested for susceptibility to 20 antimicrobial agents. Forty-eight of the 214 isolates (22.4%), recovered from individuals who had travelled in South Asia, were multiresistant. Forty-four of the 48 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole, ticarcillin, and piperacillin; the other four isolates were resistant to four to six agents. Forty-two of the multiresistant isolates belonged to Vi phage type E1, two isolates from the Punjab State belonged to phage type A, another from the Punjab State belonged to phage type E3, one isolate from Pakistan belonged to type M1, and one isolate from India belonged to type J1. Plasmids from 45 of 48 isolates showed a temperature-sensitive mechanism of transfer to Escherichia coli K-12 strains, characteristic of H1 incompatibility group plasmids. The majority of plasmids had an estimated molecular weight of 120 MDa and encoded both citrate utilization and mercury resistance. Plasmids from three isolates had an estimated molecular weight of 112-115 MDa; one of these isolates encoded citrate utilization but not mercury resistance. Analysis of isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after digestion with XbaI and SpeI indicated that the majority of multiresistant isolates shared a common restriction profile, while four isolates had unique patterns.

Adolescent↗