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A survey of trypanosome infections in wild ungulates in the Luangwa valley, Zambia.
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Sarcocystis infection in African antelopes.
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The lack of infectivity to cattle of a strain of Trypanosoma simiae transmitted by Glossina morsitans and G. tachinoides.
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A comparison of Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newst. and G. tachinoides West., collected and maintained under similar conditions, as vectors of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense, T. (N.) simiae and T. (Duttonella) vivax.
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Relationship between hosts and trypanosome infection rates of Glossina swynnertoni Aust. in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.
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The production in the bovine of antibody specific for closely related species and the use of such antisera in the identification of tsetse blood meals.
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Serum immunoglobulin levels and electrophoretic patterns of serum proteins in trypanosome-infected bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus).
Serum immunoglobulin levels and relative proportions of serum proteins were determined in bushbuck and zebu cattle inhabiting tsetse-infested areas of Uganda and animals living in tsetse-free areas. Serum IgM pand IgG levels were significantly increased in infected bushbuck and zebu cattle. Serum from captive bushbuck showed low levels of immunoglobulins. Serum protein concentrations in infected and non-infected cattle were similar but infected bushbuck had higher serum protein levels than uninfected animals.
Structures associated with Theileria parasites in eland erythrocytes.
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Tsetse fly feeding preference as determined by vehicular trapping in Tanzania.
In eastern Tanzania an electric grid trap carried in the back of a moving pick-up truck was used to capture engorged Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. pallidipes for an analysis of their food sources. Although 12 000 head of domestic cattle represented c. 75% of the animal biomass in the survey area, they provided only 5.6% of the total blood meals, while 74.8% were from warthogs and bushpigs. The percentage of females among the captured flies was 12 and 47 for G. m. morsitans and G. pallidipes, respectively. The incidence of engorged flies captured by this method ranged from 15 to 20% in males and 26 to 42% in females.
The host preferences of Chrysops silacea and C. dimidiata (Diptera: Tabanidae) in an endemic area of Loa loa in the Congo.
The analysis of 404 blood meals from Chrysops silacea and C. dimidiata which had been collected in the forests of the Chaillu mountains (People's Republic of the Congo) has demonstrated for the first time that both species also feed on non-human hosts. For both species the feeding patterns are fairly similar. However, man remains the main host in 89-90% of the cases. C. silacea and C. dimidiata took 6 and 4% respectively of their blood meals from hippopotamuses, 2 and 0% from rodents, 2 and 4% from wild ruminants, and 0.8 and 0.7% from monitor lizards. Whenever a differentiation has been made between the different members of the primates, only meals from humans but not from chimpanzees or baboons have been detected. The results may provide an explanation for the distinct barrier between the simian and human loiasis infections. They also give evidence for the ability of both vectors to travel over prolonged distances.
Parasite survey of eight wild animals in the Ruma National Park.
Eight game animals representing seven species in the Ruma National Park in South Nyanza, Kenya, were examined for the presence of blood protozoa, ectoparasites, and helminthic and coccidian endoparasites using standard parasite-identification methods. Haematological parameters were also determined. The oribi was positive for Trypanosoma brucei ssp. and the reedbuck for T. congolense. No other blood protozoans were found. Strongyle eggs were found in the faeces of all species except the water buck. Five of eight animals harboured liver flukes and five were parasitized by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. One roan antelope was anaemic, but the other animals had haemoglobin levels within the normal range and appeared to be in a good state of health.
Immunologically mediated lung diseases. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Early recognition and treatment of immunologically mediated diseases of the lung are vital to prevent irreparable damage. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are often confused but should not be difficult to distinguish. The former is nonatopic and is marked by chills, fever, chest pains, cough, dyspnea, and restrictive pulmonary function. The immunologic hallmark is the presence of precipitating antibody to the suspected antigen. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is atopic and is marked by low-grade fever, obstructive pulmonary function, markedly elevated serum IgE levels, and positive immediate and late response on skin tests. Both diseases respond well to early corticosteroid therapy. Prophylactic measures are also important in controlling extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
Microbiological investigations into the deaths of two young okapis (Okapia johnstoni Sclater).
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A host-parasite checklist of helminths of wild ruminants in New Zealand.
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The oesophageal-groove reflex and anthelmintic efficacy.
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Chorioptes bovis (Acarina: Psoroptidae) in some camelids from Dutch zoos.
The feet of three two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus), one lama (Lama glama) and four alpacas (Lama pacos) from zoos and a circus in the Netherlands were examined for the mange-mite Choroptes bovis. Mites were found on two of the camels, the lama, and three of the alpacas. On one camel and one alpaca small mange lesions on the feet were present. This is the first report of Chorioptes bovis and chorioptic mange in the two-humped camel.
Invasive aspergillosis in an alpaca (Lama pacos).
An invasive form of aspergillosis in an alpaca (Lama pacos) is described, with dissemination causing small abscesses and multifocal areas of necrosis in the lung, heart, spleen and kidneys. Histological sections showed hyphae morphologically compatible with an Aspergillus species. Direct immunofluorescent testing confirmed the diagnosis of aspergillosis.