Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ADRENALECTOMY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immunoreactive ACTH in the cerebrospinal fluid of the rat: decrease after mediobasal hypothalamic lesion and hypophysectomy, increase after adrenalectomy.

The effect of various anaesthetics and of the manipulations of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system (hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy and lesion of the mediobasal hypothalamus) was studied on immunoreactive-ACTH levels in the plasma and in the cerebrospinal fluid in the rat. The anaesthetics used (Hypnorm, pentobarbital, urethan and Ketanest) were without effect on immunoreactive-ACTH concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. Immunoreactive-ACTH was significantly decreased after hypophysectomy and elevated after adrenalectomy in both cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Destruction of the mediobasal hypothalamus resulted in reduced immunoreactive-ACTH content in the cerebrospinal fluid (about 20% of control) in both experiments, whereas immunoreactive-ACTH levels in the plasma of the lesioned rats were lower only in one of the two experiments performed. These data suggest that the main source of the immunoreactive-ACTH in the cerebrospinal fluid of the rat is the hypothalamus; the contribution of the pituitary gland being less than 50% of the radioimmunoassayable ACTH.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed2005

Rosiglitazone for prevention or adjuvant treatment of Nelson's syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Rosiglitazone in three patients treated with bilateral adrenalectomy followed by hyperpigmentation and hypersecretion of ACTH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One patient had increasing ACTH after previous transsphenoidal surgery for Nelson's syndrome, and two patients without pituitary adenomas had recurrence of Cushing's disease after primary and repeated transsphenoidal surgery with need for bilateral adrenalectomy. The patients developed hyperpigmentation and increasing ACTH at nadir 2-4 h after morning hydrocortisone dose. ACTH during Rosiglitazone therapy (4 mg/day for 4 weeks and then 8 mg/day) was measured at regular intervals 24 h after the latest dose of hydrocortisone. RESULTS: In two patients there was a decrease in ACTH by 40% after 5 months. The first of these patients showed an escape with increasing ACTH to the initial value after 11 months. In the third patient no effect was observed. Tumour development or progression on magnetic resonance imaging was not observed. CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone might represent an adjuvant therapy in patients with ACTH hypersecretion. Larger long-term studies are needed.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1993

Sex differences in plasma corticosterone in mouse fetuses are mediated by differential placental transport from the mother and eliminated by maternal adrenalectomy or stress.

The effect of changes in maternal corticosterone concentrations, induced by maternal stress, maternal adrenalectomy or both, on concentration of corticosterone in serum and in adrenals of mouse (Mus domesticus) fetuses was examined. Higher baseline serum corticosterone concentrations were found in female fetuses than in male fetuses; however, there was no sex difference in the content of corticosterone in adrenals collected from these fetuses. Sex differences were observed in the fetal response to changes in maternal concentrations of serum corticosterone resulting from stress (bright light and heat) or adrenalectomy, and both factors eliminated the sex difference in corticosterone in fetal serum. When females were injected i.v. with [3H]corticosterone on day 17 of pregnancy, significantly more 3H was recovered from the serum of female than of male fetuses 15 min after the injection, while more 3H was recovered from placentae of male fetuses. This finding suggests that the difference in serum corticosterone in male and female mouse fetuses is due to greater transport of corticosterone from maternal blood across the placenta of female than of male fetuses.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a prospective study comparing transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches].

OBJECTIVES: A prospective protocol was used to compare transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic access for treatment of adrenal lesions. METHODS: Forty patients (19 male and 21 female) were submitted to laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Patients were operated by two surgeons. Twenty cases for each type of access (transperitoneal and retroperitoneal) were selected for analysis. Operative time, blood loss, time to oral intake, dose of analgesic, surgical complications, conversions, hospital stay and return to normal activities were compared for both approaches. RESULTS: All procedures were successfully completed. Operative mean time and time to oral intake were 3.6 h and 24 h for the transperitoneal and 2.5 h and 12 h for the retroperitoneal approach (p<0.05). There were no differences in blood loss, analgesia, hospital stay and time for return to normal activities. Complications were observed in two patients in the transperitoneal approach (retroperitoneal bleeding and pancreatitis) and there were three events in the retroperitoneal approach (hipercarbia, peritoneal laceration and pneumonia). No conversions occurred in this cohort of patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and efficient treatment for an adrenal mass of up to 10 cm. There are no relevant differences between the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approach. Choice of the laparoscopic approach rests upon particular aspects of each case or upon the surgeon's preference.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Bilateral adrenalectomy of lambs in utero: effects on maternal hormone levels at induced parturition.

Progesterone, 17 alpha, 20 alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, androstenedione, total unconjugated oestrogen and oestrone sulphate have been measured by radioimmunoassays in maternal utero-ovarian venous, maternal peripheral venous and/or foetal posterior vena caval plasma from six sheep bearing bilaterally adrenalectomized lambs, in which premature parturition was induced by administration of glucocorticoid. Three of the ewes were overiectomized, and in one of these three animals the foetal testes were also excised, at the time of foetal adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy was judged to be complete on the basis of plasma cortisol levels in the neonatal lambs, and by examination of the site of ablation at necropsy. In all cases foetal administration of glucocorticoid led to the onset of labour, and lambing, and in all animals the hormonal changes preceding parturition were indistinguishable (either qualitatively or quantitatively) from the changes observed in animals carrying intact lambs. Since therapy with glucocorticoid alone successfully compensates for ablation of the foetal adrenal cortex, it is suggested that glucocorticoid is the only adrenal product required to cause parturition, and that foetal adrenal secretion of androgens may be unnecessary.

17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone↗
PubMed1980

Effects of long-term adrenalectomy on periovulatory increases in serum gonadotrophins and ovulation in rats.

The effects of chronic adrenalectomy on the oestrous cycle, periovulatory gonadotrophin surges in sera and ovulation in the rat were assessed. Rats which were exposed to a 14 h light : 10 h darkness lighting schedule for at least 3 weeks and those which showed at least two consecutive 4 day oestrous cycles were divided into three groups. One group (controls) was left untreated. The rest were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-adrenalectomized (Sham) during oestrus and then placed in a different animal room with the same lighting schedule but with the onset and end of the photoperiod delayed by 4 h. These operations did not interrupt the length of the oestrous cycles. Rats were decapitated for collection of trunk blood on the fifth pro-oestrous or oestrous day after the operation. Both Sham and ADX rats synchronized to the new lighting schedule in terms of the temporal patterns of their periovulatory surges in serum LH and FSH and the timing of ovulation. Neither adrenalectomy nor the sham-operation altered the magnitude of the pro-oestrous or oestrous increases in serum LH or FSH when compared with those in control rats. Body, uterine and ovarian weights as well as the number of ova shed were similar in the ADX and Sham groups. The results indicate that adrenal secretions are not necessary for rats to synchronize the timing of the periovulatory surges in serum LH and FSH or ovulation to a 14 h light : 10 h darkness schedule and the periovulatory surges of LH and FSH are unaltered in chronically adrenalectomized rats.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1980

Effect of adrenalectomy or castration on the inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion induced by hyperprolactinaemia in the adult male rat.

To investigate the role of adrenal and gonadal steroids in the long-term suppression of gonadotrophin secretion induced by prolactin the effects of adrenalectomy or castration on the serum and pituitary levels of LH, FSH and prolactin and the hypothalamic content of LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) have been studied in adult male rats with hyperprolactinaemia produced by the transplantation of pituitary glands under the kidney capsule. Levels of LH and FSH in serum were significantly suppressed in al intact pituitary-grafted rats. Adrenalectomy on the day of pituitary implantation or 20 days later did not affect the suppression. However, castration on days 0, 28 or 49 after pituitary grafting resulted in a rise in levels of FSH in serum indistinguishable from that in control rats. While the rise in levels of LH after castration on day 0 was the same as the controls, this increase was significantly reduced 2 days after castration on days 28 and 49 after pituitary grafting. Castration resulted in an increase in the pituitary content of LH and a reduction in the hypothalamic content of LH-RH but no change in the pituitary content of FSH. Hyperprolactinaemia did not appear to affect these response. The present results showed clearly that the gonad but not the adrenal must be present for prolactin to exert an inhibitory effect on gonadotrophin secretion.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1980

Effects of vagal stimulation, vagotomy and adrenalectomy on release of insulin in the rat.

To evaluate the physiological role of the vagus nerve in the secretion of insulin in the rat, changes in plasma levels of insulin and sugar were examined after vagotomy with and without adrenalectomy. Male rats, fasted for 22 h, weighing about 300 g and anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium were used. Thirty minutes after unilateral or bilateral adrenalectomy, the first blood sample was taken just before pancreatic vagotomy and a second sample was taken 15 min after vagotomy. Pancreatic vagotomy significantly decreased levels of plasma insulin in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats. It was also confirmed that electrical stimulation of the pancreatic vagus nerve provoked an increase in levels of insulin associated with a reduction of carbohydrates in the blood. These observations support the theory that there is a vagal mechanism which modulates the secretion of insulin and suggest that the vagal mechanism is a potent factor although such a mechanism may be masked by the activity of the adrenal gland.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1980

Adrenalectomy has a differential effect on the ovarian response of two strains of rat.

Evidence indicates that the ovarian regulatory mechanism of different strains of rat may respond differently to adrenalectomy; this study examined that possibility. Adult female Sprague-Dawley and Holtzman rats were maintained under constant environmental. Adult female Sprague-Dawley and Holtzman rats were maintained under constant environmental conditions and each strain was divided into groups: intact; adrenalectomized; unilaterally ovariectomized; adrenalectomized and unilaterally ovariectomized for 30 days; adrenalectomized 30 days previously and then unilaterally ovariectomized followed by one oestrous cycle; adrenalectomized 30 days previously and then unilaterally ovariectomized followed by one oestrous cycle with progesterone treatment (2 mg); adrenalectomized 30 days previously and then unilaterally ovariectomized followed by one oestrous cycle with corticosterone treatment (2.5 mg/100 g). All operations and autopsies were performed at metoestrus. Chronically adrenalectomized rats shed fewer ova per ovary than intact animals. Rats that had been unilaterally ovariectomized or adrenalectomized and unilaterally ovariectomized for 30 days showed conpensatory ovulation as compared with intact rats and rats adrenalectomized for 30 days. Only the Sprague-Dawley rats that were adrenalectomized for 30 days and unilaterally ovariectomized for one oestrous cycle demonstrated compensatory ovulation. The remaining ovary in similarly treated Holtzman rats failed to compensate. Neither progesterone nor corticosterone influenced compensatory ovulation in the Sprague-Dawley rats, but both hormones caused an increase in the number of eggs ovulated in the Holtzman animals. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that there is a strain-specific responsiveness of the ovary to adrenalectomy as assessed by compensatory ovulation.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1982

Influence of adrenalectomy on maturation of gonadotrophin function in the male rat.

The effects were studied of adrenalectomy performed at 25 days of age on the maturation of LH function and the testes during puberty (i.e. 30-50 days of age) in the male rat. In intact rats the plasma LH level increased and then decreased and the plasma testosterone level increased progressively. In adrenalectomized rats the plasma levels of LH and testosterone did not vary significantly over the same period of time. Adrenalectomy decreased the plasma levels of LH and testosterone. The different perturbations in hormonal balance induced a decrease in the size of the seminiferous tubules and a delay in spermatogenesis.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1984

Effect of adrenalectomy and steroid treatment on rat skin cytosol glucocorticoid receptor.

Using an exchange assay to measure occupied and unoccupied binding sites, the glucocorticoid receptor in rat skin cytosol has been measured after adrenalectomy and parenteral steroid administration. Adrenalectomy increased the number of receptor sites with maximal effect after 5 days, after which numbers decreased to those of intact animals. Injection of adrenalectomized animals with the unlabelled agonist corticosterone resulted in a rapid dose-related decrease in the number of cytosolic receptor sites at 30 min whereas the antagonist progesterone had no effect. It is concluded that changes in glucocorticoid concentration lead to rapid inverse changes in cytosolic receptor.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1995

Evidence for axonal sprouting in the anterior pituitary following adrenalectomy in the rat.

Our recent studies have demonstrated the presence of peptidergic nerve fibers in the anterior pituitary of the rat. They were found to increase in number following adrenalectomy and the present study was aimed at investigating whether axonal sprouting could account for this increase. Antibody against the neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 was used as the probe. Four days following adrenalectomy GAP-43-like immunoreactivity was found to increase dramatically, mostly as varicosities surrounding the gland cells. The results suggest an active axonal sprouting following this hormone manipulation and strongly support our hypothesis of neural-humoral dual regulation of the mammalian anterior pituitary.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1997

Adrenalectomy prevents the obesity syndrome produced by chronic central neuropeptide Y infusion in normal rats.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus plays an important role in the regulation of food intake and body weight and seems to be implicated in the etiology of obesity. When intracerebroventricularly (ICV) infused for 6 days in normal rats, NPY resulted in hyperphagia, increased body weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, hypercorticosteronemia, and hypertriglyceridemia compared with vehicle-infused control rats. NPY infusion also resulted in an insulin-resistant state in muscles and in a state of insulin hyperresponsiveness in white adipose tissue, as assessed by the measurement of the in vivo glucose utilization index of these tissues during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. All of these hormono-metabolic effects produced by chronic central NPY infusion were completely prevented when rats were adrenalectomized before NPY administration. Adrenalectomy per se had no effect on any of the parameters mentioned above. The levels of mRNA for the obese gene were increased in white adipose tissue after 6 days of ICV NPY infusion in normal rats, and white adipose tissue weight was also increased. These effects of ICV NPY infusion were markedly decreased by prior adrenalectomy, although NPY infusion was able to somewhat enhance the low white adipose tissue obese mRNA levels and tissue weight of adrenalectomized rats. In conclusion, intact adrenal glands, and probably circulating corticosterone in particular, are necessary for the establishment of most of the hormonal and metabolic effects induced by chronic ICV infusion of NPY in normal rats.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Elevated des-AngI-angiotensinogen levels by nephrectomy and adrenalectomy.

This study investigates the time course of plasma levels of angiotensinogen (Aogen) and of the Aogen metabolite des-AngI-angiotensiongen (des-AngI-Aogen) in nephrectomized rats with and without adrenals for 24 h. After nephrectomy the plasma Aogen levels increased 5-fold over the following 24 h. The increase is significantly lower after sham nephrectomy (3.7-fold, P < 0.05) and if the kidneys are withdrawn without decapsulization (2.4-fold, P < 0.05). A small and transient increase arise after nephrectomy plus adrenalectomy (1.6-fold after 8 h, P < 0.005). After adrenalectomy alone Aogen levels continuously shrink to 38% of control values after 24 h. Plasma des-AngI-Aogen levels increase 2.1- to 3.7-fold 24 h after the different nephrectomy procedures. In connection with recent findings these data support the notion that the increase in Aogen plasma levels after bilateral nephrectomy is triggered by renin, released during surgery. High plasma levels of des-AngI-Aogen after nephrectomy indicate that AngI is generated by tissue renin, e.g., in the adrenals. This suggests that after nephrectomy the plasma des-AngI-Aogen levels should be a valuable proof for the evaluation of the amount of generated angiotensin.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential regulation of angiotensin peptides in plasma and kidney: effects of adrenalectomy and estrogen treatment.

Eight angiotensin peptides [angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II, angiotensin-(1-9), angiotensin I, angiotensin-(2-7), angiotensin-(2-8), angiotensin-(2-9), and angiotensin-(2-10)] were measured in plasma and kidney of adrenalectomized rats and estrogen-treated rats. In comparison with sham-operated rats, adrenalectomy increased plasma renin levels by 50-fold and reduced plasma angiotensinogen levels by 67%. Adrenalectomy increased plasma angiotensin peptide levels by 9- to 30-fold, but the increases in renal angiotensin peptide levels were much less than those seen for plasma. In comparison with vehicle-treated rats, estrogen treatment increased plasma angiotensinogen levels by 3-fold and reduced plasma renin levels by 41%. Estrogen treatment decreased plasma angiotensin peptide levels, whereas renal angiotensin peptide levels increased by as much as 2- to 3-fold. These results confirm the differential regulation of angiotensin peptide levels in plasma and kidney, and provide further support for the essential role of angiotensinogen in modulating plasma and tissue angiotensin peptide levels.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1983

Changes in plasma gonadotrophins after neurotropic stress in the postnatal castrated male rat. Influence of adrenalectomy.

In 60-day-old postnatal castrated male rat, neurotropic stress increased plasma levels of LH, FSH, ACTH, corticosterone, testosterone and 17 beta-oestradiol. The possible influence of ACTH in the observed increase in plasma sex steroids was discussed. After adrenalectomy, performed at 50 days of age, neurotropic stress no longer affected plasma gonadotrophin level significantly. Adrenalectomy, raising plasma level of corticotrophin and decreasing plasma levels of testosterone and 17 beta-oestradiol, created conditions favorable to inhibition of gonadotrophin function.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1975

Effect of adrenalectomy and insulin insufficiency upon the adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate system of the rat mammary glands.

Effects of adrenalectomy and acute insulin insufficiency upon tissue adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate concentrations, and adenyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase, and protein kinase activities were investigated. Adrenalectomy decreased intracellular adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate 53% and increased the activities of both adenylcyclase and phosphodiesterase. Cortisol therapy returned these to normal. During insulin insufficiency caused by anti-insulin serum, mammary adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate concentrations increased. The acute effects of insulin insufficiency and chronic effects of adrenelectomy suggest that insulin acts upon rat mammary glands to decrease and glucocorticoids, acting over longer term, to increase adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate concentrations.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1976

Effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid therapy on enzyme activities in mammary and adipose tissues from lactating rats.

Several mammary and adipose enzymes were measured in normal, adrenal-ectomized, adrenalectomized cortisol-treated, and intake-restricted lactating rats. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, lipoprotein lipase, and triglyceride synthetase complex activities in mammary tissue were unchanged by intake restriction, decreased by adrenalectomy, and increased by glucocorticoid-replacement therapy. Malic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and lipoprotein lipase activities in adipose were unchanged after adrenalectomy.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗