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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Hardiness, coping and quality of life of nurses working in intensive care units].

The goals of the study are two-folds: on the one hand, to examine the relations between hardiness, coping strategies and quality of life at work of french nurses working in the intensive care units; on the other hand, to examine the mediating effect of coping strategies between hardiness and quality of life at work. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, anonymously filled by 137 nurses which represented 60% participation from the initial sample population. Maddi & Kobasa's theory (1984) of Hardiness is the foundation for the present study and Baron & Kenny's statistical model (1986) was used to determine the mediating effect of the coping strategies. Regression analysis demonstrated that positive reevaluation/problem solving strategies had a mediating effect between a sense of commitment, a sense of mastery and quality of life at work. These results prompted various propositions in order to improve nurses quality of life at work.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

The breeding and utilization of baboons for biomedical research.

The baboon (Papio cynocephalus) has been used extensively for biomedical research at the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education (SFRE) since 1958. This animal model has adapted well to captivity, has reproduced efficiently, and has proved to be very useful in many areas of medical research. Reproductive data from the SFRE baboon colony, the establishment of a breeding colony from imported animals, the present use of baboons as research models, and the predicted availability and use of these animals were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

How useful is the term "Cumulative Trauma Disorder"?

Cumulative trauma disorder is a widely accepted construct that refers to illnesses of the soft tissues which supposedly occur due to biomechanical workplace risk factors. However, is the term "cumulative trauma disorder" a useful term for describing the illness attributed to it? This paper will scrutinize this question by specifying the meaning of "cumulative trauma disorder" and examining this construct to see if the belief in it is justified, and if this belief is leading to the elucidation of the phenomenon it is purporting to notate. Anomalous findings will be identified and used to help evaluate the accuracy of the belief system currently surrounding the term. Finally the ability of the construct "cumulative trauma disorder" to provide an adequate foundation for research in this area will be explored. A model of alternate pathomechanisms for this illness is advanced to provide a method of studying the disorders associated with the term.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Inducible prostate intraepithelial neoplasia with reversible hyperplasia in conditional FGFR1-expressing mice.

Accurate determination of the contributions of oncogenes toward tumor progression requires their regulation. Herein, we created transgenic mice with prostate-specific expression of ligand-inducible FGFR1 or FGFR2, based on lipid-permeable dimerizing molecules, called chemical inducers of dimerization. Despite extensive homology and equivalent expression by both chimeric receptors in the ventral prostate gland, only FGFR1 triggers detectable nuclear translocation of Erk and progression to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Induction of PIN grade I-II, indicated by multiple layers of atypical cells, is seen consistently by 12 weeks of chemical inducers of dimerization treatment. By 6 months, more extensive nuclear atypia, thickened "reactive" stroma, and basement membrane herniation occurs, corresponding to PIN IV. By timed removal of FGFR1 signaling, we show that induced hyperplasia is reversible until extensive intraductal vascularization occurs, but continued progression requires prolonged FGFR1 signaling. Additionally, by highlighting differences between the two receptors and creating the foundation for controlling FGFR1 signaling during prostate cancer progression, a model of early stage prostate cancer is established for developing targeted intervention directed toward the FGFR signaling axis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Distributive justice in American healthcare: institutions, power, and the equitable care of patients.

The authors argue that the American healthcare system has developed in a fashion that permits and may support ongoing, widespread inequities based on poverty, race, gender, and ethnicity. Institutional structures also contribute to this problem. Analysis is based on (1) discussions of a group of experts convened by the Office of Minority Health, US Department of Health and Human Services at a conference to address healthcare disparities; and (2) review of documentation and scientific literature focused on health, health-related news, language, healthcare financing, and the law. Institutional factors contributing to inequity include the cost and financing of American healthcare, healthcare insurance principles such as mutual aid versus actuarial fairness, and institutional power. Additional causes for inequity are bias in decision making by healthcare practitioners, clinical training environments linked to abuse of patients and coworkers, healthcare provider ethnicity, and politics. Recommendations include establishment of core attributes of trust, relationship and advocacy in health systems; universal healthcare; and insurance systems based on mutual aid. In addition, monitoring of equity in health services and the development of a set of ethical principles to guide systems change and rule setting would provide a foundation for distributive justice in healthcare. Additionally, training centers should model the behaviors they seek to foster and be accountable to the communities they serve.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2006

[Knocking down rat Mecp2 expression by RNAi].

OBJECTIVE: To find the valid siRNA (small interference RNA) sequence to knock down rat Mecp2 expression for the analysis of Mecp2 function by RNA interference (RNAi). METHODS: A plasmid (pMecp2-RFP) expressing rat Mecp2 and marker gene red fluorescent protein (RFP) as a fusion gene was constracted. We first selected a candidate valid sequence by cotransfecting the pMecp2-RFP with 4 candidate siRNAs targeting rat Mecp2 to HEK293T cells respectively, and then identified the RNAi efficiency of the candidate valid siRNA by detecting its effect on suppressing the expression of endogenous rat Mecp2 in PC12 cells. RESULTS: siRNA sequence (5'-GCUGUGAAGGAAUCUUCUA-3') targeting rat Mecp2 mRNA 918-936nt was the valid sequence to knock down rat Mecp2 expression by RNA interference. As the target sequence was located in exon 4 of rat Mecp2 mRNA, we assumed that it could suppress the expression of Mecp2alpha and Mecp2beta at the same time. And as the target sequence was located in the coding region of rat Mecp2, we assumed that it could suppress the expression of both 1.9 kb and 10 kb of rat Mecp2 transcript. CONCLUSION: This study has laid the foundation for constructing rat Mecp2 knocked-down neuronal cell model to study the gene function of Mecp2 in brain development.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

HL7 RIM: an incoherent standard.

The Health Level 7 Reference Information Model (HL7 RIM) is lauded by its authors as 'the foundation of healthcare interoperability'. Yet even after some 10 years of development work, the RIM is still subject to a variety of logical and ontological flaws, which has placed severe obstacles in the way of those who are called upon to develop implementations. We offer evidence that these obstacles are insurmountable and that the time has come to abandon an unworkable paradigm.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1994

American psychiatry in the 21st century: the discipline, its practice, and its work force.

As the 21st century nears, various forces are affecting American mental health care delivery. After reviewing these forces in terms of their impact on psychiatry, the author summarizes the nature of psychiatry and psychiatric practice as branches of medicine. He then presents a picture of new and graduating psychiatric residents, focusing on (1) their changing views of the role of biological and psychological work with patients, and (2) their future career plans. The author concludes with a challenge to maintain a definition of psychiatry that links mind and brain, and from this foundation to demonstrate to students, society, and policymakers alike a model of psychiatry that integrates biological, psychological, and social perspectives in the treatment of patients.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1993

Overview of substance abuse: implications for the primary care nurse practitioner.

NPs in primary care can expect a significant percent of their patient population to have a substance abuse disorder. This article provides the practitioner with foundational information on the epidemiology and neurophysiology of substance abuse, models and theories of addiction, and the physical and psychological effects of commonly abused substances. The commonly abused legal substances, nicotine and alcohol, are highlighted.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Potential patterns--conceptual and practical issues in interdisciplinary education.

Interdisciplinary education is, again, a timely topic. It has been seen as an important strategy in recent reports and commissions dealing with the future of the health care system and its personnel needs. The present article reviews conceptual and practical issues in the design, development, and implementation of interdisciplinary education in allied health. A foundation for planning involves the integration of an interdisciplinary practice model with the usual model of psychomotor skills, cognitive skills, and knowledge domain for a particular discipline. Planning issues are addressed in a series of six questions for allied health administrators and faculty to consider.

Allied Health Occupations↗
PubMed1997

[Recent trend toward development of community medicine].

The author evaluated the present status of community medical activities in Hokkaido from standpoint of various actual data obtained by recent investigation. As many districts are in the face of shortage of doctors, it is concluded to promote the following subjects, 1) strengthening of district center hospitals, 2) education and maintenance of community medical doctors, 3) synthetic system of health, medicare and welfare, and 4) introduction of multimedia system. Our foundation has started several new works, such as doctor center model system, training system of primary care doctor, and network activities of community doctors. It is mandatory to form wide consensus among the person concerned, such as client, doctor, medical association, university, and municipality.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed1994

A Markov model of the natural history of prostate cancer.

The objective of this study was to lay a foundation for future cost-benefit analyses evaluating the public health impact of treatment and screening protocols for prostate cancer. Specifically we wanted to define the relative impact on cancer-specific mortality rates of the individual epidemiological components: pathological incidences by age groups, cancer progression rates, and the effect of competing causes of death, assuming expectant management (i.e. no definitive treatment). A biological model of prostate cancer incidence and progression was converted into a standard Markov tree where competing causes of death could occur. Weighted averages of progression rates were obtained from clinical studies. Separate cohorts of 30 year old black and white men were followed for 50 years. The model yielded cancer-specific mortality rates, overall mortality rates, and pathologic prevalences for both white and black males, consistent with the literature. Sensitivity analyses showed that of all the parameters studied, the pathological incidence of cancer in men under 50 years of age had the greatest impact on the cancer-specific mortality rates. Also important was the annual probability of progression of A1 lesions. However the other parameters including pathological incidence in older males, and progression from locally-extensive to metastatic lesions had much smaller effects. In summary, this model correlates the clinical literature with the epidemiology of prostate cancer and can be used for further decision analyses. We recommend that future research be done to more precisely quantify the pathological incidence of prostate cancer in men under 50-60 years of age. More certainty is also needed before generalizing the results of relatively small A1 series to millions of men, since A1 progression rates critically affect the eventual cancer-specific mortality. Enough uncertainty remains at this point however, that we cannot advocate widespread screening for prostate cancer until its merit be demonstrated either by the definitive long term study, or by examination of costs and quality-of-life-adjusted benefits.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A foundation for physiology.

From a study of the literature on the Philosophy of Physiology it became clear that a crisis exists. This crisis was studied by means of a classification of philosophical views. Two main categories, namely Positivistic and Transcendentalistic, frameworks of thought were used. Under the Positivistic category such models as radical materialistic, mechanistic and cybernetic were placed. Under the Transcendentalistic category were classified holistic, humanistic, mystic and eastern ideas. Paradoxic ideas were discussed. None of the frameworks of thought supply a good foundation for Physiology. A liberating foundation for Physiology is proposed. A model of man as a personal unity in a created environment is described. This model does not contain either the contradictions nor polarizations of the positivistic versus transcendentalistic frameworks of thought.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Does mutual interference always stabilize predator-prey dynamics? A comparison of models.

Based on a qualitative analysis of ODE systems, the dynamic properties of alternative predator-prey models with predator-dependent functional response have been compared in order to study the role that predator interference plays in the stabilisation of trophic systems. The models considered for interference have different mathematical expressions and different conceptual foundations. Despite these differences, they give essentially the same qualitative results: when interference is low, increasing it has a positive effect on asymptotic stability and thus on the resilience of the biological system. When it is high, it is the contrary (with logistic prey growth, increasing the interference parameter ensures stability but leads to very small predator densities). Possible consequences on the evolution of the interference level in real ecosystems are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Concepts for a model of good medical laboratory services.

Several international standards and corresponding interpretation documents for quality management systems have been published. Although these standards are found useful to some extent, they are considered to be insufficient in several areas important for medical laboratories particularly in the pre- and post-examinational phases. The normative document for accreditation of laboratories (ISO/IEC Guide 25) is presently being revised and a document for medical laboratories (ISO/TC 212, CD 15189) is at draft stage. Both aim to include aspects of total quality management. The concept of total quality management is rather vague. Generally, its goal has been defined as "business excellence". This term, however, needs some explanation if applied to medical laboratories. Therefore, a project group of the European Confederation of Laboratory Medicine (ECLM) has developed a model for total quality management, which is based on a comprehensive management concept issued by the European Foundation for Quality Management. In the case of a medical laboratory, the term "business excellence" should be replaced by "good medical laboratory services". The proposed model could serve as a basis for future developments of total quality management standards in laboratory medicine. The goal of the "journey" should be clarified before it starts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a model of a good medical laboratory.

Accreditation↗