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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The antigen-specific signal in T-lymphocyte activation by alloantigen.

Current concepts of the mechanism of alloactivation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and the identity of the target cell determinants with which they interact are reviewed. The results of a quantitative analysis of the stimulatory activity of different forms of antigen and the role of a costimulator factor are presented. These lead to the conclusions that SD antigens are not the target cell antigens and that existing theories of cytotoxic T cell activation are inadequate. A new theory of activation of alloareactive cytotoxic lymphocytes is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[C.T. scan appearances of acute necrotizing herpes encephalitis (7 cases). Preliminary therapeutic results after isoprinosine (author's transl)].

Seven cases of confirmed or probable acute necrotizing herpes encephalitis (ANE) were studied using computer tomography during the various acute or chronic stages of the disease. They were bilateral, or in some rare patients, asymmetrical pseudofocal cases of ANE. Computer tomography appearances are described from the morphological and topographical point of view, before and after intravenous injection of a contrast medium. Analogous data reported in the published literature is used to describe the findings and to emphasize the problem of differential diagnosis. Computer tomography appears to be an essential examination for establishing the diagnosis and prognosis in herpes encephalitis, but it must be correlated with the results of an electro-encephalogram, and biological and immunological tests of the cerebrospinal fluid. It can also be of value for choosing the optimal site for urgent cerebral biopsy with immunofluorescence. Treatment must be given very early, whether Ara A antiviral DNA or Isoprinosine (Inosiplex) which stimulates cellular immunity, as soon after diagnosis has been established as possible. The authors chose the latter medication for 6 of the 7 cases reported, as well as in 12 other cases of acute primary viral encephalitis, and 3 cases of subacute sclerozing panencephalitis, and obtained very positive results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Induction of interferon and radioprotective activity of polyriboguanylic-polyribocytidylic acid complex in mice.

The effect of polyriboguanylic-polyribocytidylic acid complex was investigated against acute X- and prolonged 60Co-gamma irradiation. Prophylactic administration of the polyribonucleotide complex increased endogenous spleen colony formation and the percentage of survival of irradiated BALB/c mice. The most pronounced effect was observed when the animals had been irradiated at the time of maximum interferon accumulation in blood, i.e. 24 hr after interferon induction by the polyribonucleotide complex.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Myelin].

The lipid and protein composition and the metabolic turnover of myelin in the C.N.S., are briefly reported. For a better understanding, it seemed useful to introduce some historical data on the discovery of myelin and to give a morphological description at structural and ultrastructural level.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography of the brain in patients with headache or temporal lobe epilepsy: findings and cost-effectiveness.

Computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the brain were reviewed in 85 patients with a chief complaint of headache and in 22 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy in an attempt to assess the yield and cost-effectiveness in these two clinical settings. Lower bounds for the costs of case finding were calculated using probabilistic estimates. In patients with headache and no objective neurologic findings, no abnormal CT examinations were found. On the other hand, 34% of patients with headache and associated objective neurologic findings had abnormal CT studies. No abnormal CT examinations occurred in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The calculated lower bounds for the costs of case finding for these groups were $4,363, $500, and $1,846 per patient, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Tomography of petrous bone in deafness associated with Paget's disease.

Two cases of Paget's disease presenting with deafness are described. Tomography of the petrous bones showed, in both cases, an upward tilt of the long axes of the bones including their auditory canals, generalized sclerosis of the petrous pyramids and enlargement of the ossicles. In one case, there was narrowing of the internal auditory canal. Review of the literature revealed three radiological phases in Paget's disease of the temporal bone:--(i) early changes consisting mainly of demineralisation; (ii) an intermediate phase consisting of diminishing visibility of the semicircular canals and cochlea; and (iii) a late phase consisting of complete blotting out of the structures of the optic capsule and replacement of the ossicles by Pagetic bone. Our two cases fall within the last phase.

Deafness↗
PubMed1978

Effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin B on cardiorenal functions and survival in X-irradiated rhesus macaques.

Pretreatment of rhesus macaques with nonlethal total-body x-irradiation (400 R) prolonged survival time from an average of 15 hours to 101 hours after intravenous (IV) inoculation of 50 microgram of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)/kg of body weight. Radiation exposure per se did not produce detectable cardiorenal changes; however, the longer survival after SEB challenge exposure in x-irradiated rhesus macaques was associated with improved cardiorenal functions if compared with that of nonirradiated macaques given the same dose of SEB. Total-body radiation exposure 4 days prior to IV SEB inoculation prevented typical SEB-induced decreases (where measured at 5 hours) in cardiac output, stroke volume, TcH2O, CPAH, Cosm, and urine flow, as well as increases in total peripheral and renal resistance. A theory concerning the significance of radiation-induced leukopenia on modification of SEB-induced cardiorenal functions is postulated.

Animals↗