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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A retrospective study of treatment provided in the primary and secondary care services for children attending a dental hospital following complicated crown fracture in the permanent dentition.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate treatment provision in primary and secondary dental care following complicated crown fracture of permanent teeth. DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective observational survey of dental records of all patients attending a dental hospital trauma clinic during a 2-year period with complicated crown fracture. RESULTS: Eighty children (70% male) aged 6-16 years (mean age 10.3 years) with 98 complicated crown fractures were identified. Of these children, 54% were seen for emergency treatment on the day of their injury, 75% within 48 h. Of the 98 injured teeth, 60% were seen initially in general dental practice but only 56% of these 59 cases were provided with emergency treatment in practice, the others being referred immediately to the trauma clinic for treatment. The main cause of fractures was transport, in particular, bicycles. Radiographs were available for 96 teeth; for the 43 open apex teeth, the definitive treatment was pulp capping (44% of cases) and pulpotomy (30%), with vitality maintained in five cases up to 4.8 years after trauma. The 53 closed apex cases were treated definitively with pulp capping (38%) and pulpectomy (36%) and six teeth had maintained their vitality up to 4.3 years after trauma. Sixty-seven per cent of the pulp caps and 47% of the 19 pulpotomies provided relied on a doubtful coronal seal. This was primarily due to the extensive use of a conventional glass ionomer cement as an emergency bandage. The use of an etched or bonded material at initial presentation extended the Median Survival Time for vitality in open apex teeth from 188 to 377 days and in closed apex teeth from 15 to 64 days. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency treatment of complicated crown fractures, particularly in primary care services is often inappropriate or inadequate with regard to emergency management of the exposed pulp and provision of a hermetic coronal seal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A retrospective evaluation of patients with uncomplicated crown fractures and luxation injuries.

This paper is a review of the clinical findings from my thesis "Pulp survival and hard tissue formation subsequent to dental trauma". Traumatic injuries in children and adolescents are a common problem, and the prevalence of such injuries has increased over the last 10-20 years. The purpose of the present investigations was to evaluate the long-term results following uncomplicated crown fractures and luxations involving subsequent pulp canal obliteration. A total of 241 patients with 545 injured teeth were available for clinical examination, of whom 102 answered a questionnaire and were interviewed before oral examination. In addition, 82 permanent incisors presenting with pulp canal obliteration were followed for a period of 7 to 22 years (mean 16 years). The findings showed little pulpal response to crown fracture and subsequent restorative procedures as long as there was no concomitant periodontal injury (15-year follow-up). Approximately every fourth resin composite filling was rated as unacceptable at clinical examination. The interview showed that half of the individuals were dissatisfied with the color and/or anatomic form of the composite restoration. Pulp canal obliteration was found in all luxation categories, and 69% of the teeth demonstrated yellow crown discoloration. According to the survival curve the 20-year pulp survival rate diagnosed radiographically was 84%. Although the risk of pulp necrosis increased with time, routine endodontic intervention of teeth with ongoing pulp canal obliteration of the root canal did not seem justified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

An analysis of 58 traumatically intruded and surgically extruded permanent teeth.

Fifty-eight traumatically intruded and mainly surgically extruded permanent teeth were followed up for 3 years and 4 months (mid-term results: 29 teeth) and 9 months (short-term results: 29 teeth) on average. Statistically, the mid-term results showed more cases of severe crown discoloration (54%) than the short-term results (9%), but no difference in pulpal and periodontal healing. Three teeth (5%) were lost. Factors which positively influenced pulpal healing were shallow intrusion depth, intact crown and immaturity of the root. Factors which positively influenced periodontal healing were shallow intrusion depth and minimal surgical manipulation. Alveolar bone healing was positively influenced only by shallow intrusion depth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Relations between the mesiodistal crown diameters of the primary and permanent teeth of Hong Kong Chinese.

Relations between these diameters were studied on serial dental casts of 112 Hong Kong Chinese (61 males, 51 females) taken at mean ages of 5.68 and 12.31 yr. Size relations were studied in terms of correlation coefficient, difference, and ratio between corresponding pairs of individual teeth and corresponding groups of teeth in both dentitions. The coefficients of correlation were low to moderate (0.2-0.8), with those between groups of teeth consistently higher. As for size differences, incisors and canines were larger in the permanent dentition in both arches by 1.2-2.0 mm. Premolars were smaller than their primary predecessors except for the upper first premolar. When the absolute values of the differences were ranked, the second premolar-second primary molar differences were the greatest (2.0-2.8 mm) while those between the first premolar-first primary molar were the smallest (0.3-0.7 mm). When tooth groups were assessed, the permanent teeth were larger than their predecessors in the anterior segments but smaller in the posterior segments. The leeway space was larger in the mandibular arch (2.2 mm) than in the maxillary arch (0.3 mm). When diameters of five teeth on one side of the arch were combined, the permanent exceeded the primary by 3.5 mm in the upper arch but only 0.5 mm in the lower. The ratios between the permanent and primary tooth sizes showed the same trend as the differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Orthodontic extrusion of crown-root fractured teeth and teeth with root caries--report of 5 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss orthodontic extrusion of crown-root fractured teeth before restoration. METHODS: 3 cases with fractured teeth and 2 cases with root caries were performed canal therapy. RESULTS: Orthodontic extrusion of the root was carried out before restoration. All cases were satisfactory after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic extrusion of remaining root before restoration not only can maintain the remaining root but also obtain functional and esthetic results.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple root fracture: a case report.

An 11-year-old boy was diagnosed with a horizontal root fracture in the maxillary right lateral incisor and a crown fracture in the maxillary right central incisor. This patient was treated endodontically and conservatively. At a follow-up examination 36 months after treatment, the teeth were functionally and esthetically normal. Radiographically, no pathosis was evident in periapical or fracture areas.

Child↗
PubMed2001

A retrospective study of dento-alveolar injuries of children in Ankara, Turkey.

Information concerning age and sex distribution, etiology, types, place and extent of trauma as well as seasonal variations, time difference between traumatic injury and seeking of dental care and number of traumatic injuries was recorded retrospectively from 150 patients. The study comprised 91 boys and 59 girls representing 246 dental injuries and 332 injured teeth (72 primary and 260 permanent teeth). The most common injuries were uncomplicated crown fracture (23.57%), subluxation (15.85%), avulsion (10.16%), lateral luxation (9.75%), complicated crown fracture and intrusion (8.4% and 8.94%, respectively). The occurrence of uncomplicated crown fractures was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the 10-12 years age group than other age groups. Lateral luxation and intrusion were significantly higher in the 1-6 and 7-9 years age groups (P<0.05, respectively).

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2003

Crown-root shape of the permanent maxillary central incisor.

This study aimed to determine whether the lateral cephalometric crown-root shape differs among the permanent maxillary central incisor in Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusions and to identify the nature of any differences. Of the 499 lateral cephalograms recorded at a university orthodontic clinic during 2001, 361 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Sixty cephalograms were selected from the four malocclusion groups and were digitized in random order. The configurations of the 10 landmarks characterizing the crown-root shape of the permanent maxillary central incisor were then optimally superimposed using Procrustes algorithms. Discriminant analysis of the principal components of shape determined the incisor shape differences between the malocclusion groups. The crown-root shape of the permanent maxillary central incisor did not differ significantly among the Class I, Class II division 1, and Class III groups (P > .05); however, the crown-root shape of the Class II division 2 permanent maxillary central incisor was significantly different (P < .001) from that of the Class 1, Class II division 1 and Class III. The shape discrimination involved axial bending of the Class II division 2 incisors. Principal components 1, 2, and 3 accounted for 63% of the Class II division 2 incisor shape variance, encompassing a shorter root, a longer crown, and axial bending of the incisor, in addition to a reduced labiopalatal thickness. These shape features could precipitate the development of a deep overbite in Class II division 2 malocclusion and may limit the amount of palatal root torque during fixed appliance therapy.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Treatment delays in paediatric dento-alveolar trauma at a tertiary referral hospital.

BACKGROUND: Paediatric dento-alveolar trauma is a common event. Delays in treatment can have adverse effects on long term outcomes and the aim of this study was to quantify the treatment delays in paediatric dento-alveolar trauma in a tertiary referral hospital. METHODS: All cases of paediatric dento-alveolar trauma over a two year period from July 2000 to June 2002 were identified and the charts were reviewed retrospectively. All children presenting to the emergency department with dento-alveolar trauma within 48 hours of injury during the time period were included. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were identified. The average age was 5.51 years, though there was a bias towards one and two year olds. Males were injured 1.5 times more frequently than females. There was an average delay of 9.6 hours between injury and treatment for all patients. Transit time from outside practitioners to hospital and waiting times in hospital made up the greatest delays. Children injured an average of 2.37 teeth and only 14 per cent were uncomplicated crown fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Children who present to children's hospitals for treatment of dento-alveolar trauma have more severe injuries than those treated elsewhere. They have large but potentially reducible delays between injury and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Crown fractures: new concepts, materials, and techniques.

This article reviews the technology and science of crown fracture treatment as it applies to new materials, coupled with clinical research. To achieve clinical success, dentists need to embrace new scientific concepts and update the more traditional principles of therapy. Proposed treatments are outlined, which are based on new esthetic and insoluble adhesive materials and procedures that take into consideration the integrity of pulp biology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multicenter interracial study of facial appearance. Part 2: A comparison of intraoral parameters.

PURPOSE: This article compares interracial or gender differences of six intraoral dental parameters among six racial groups (African American, Caucasian, Chinese, Hispanic, Japanese, and Korean). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The same 253 patients participating in part 1 were included in this portion of the study to evaluate six intraoral parameters. The data were collected and analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey-Kramer test for honestly significant difference when statistically significant differences were found (P < .05). RESULTS: Women displayed significantly more gingival tissue in four of the six races, and African Americans displayed significantly more gingival tissue than any other race. Women had significantly more missing teeth than men in three of the six races studied. Japanese subjects had significantly fewer missing teeth and smaller maxillary central incisors than all other groups except Caucasians. Women had significantly narrower maxillary central incisors in three of the races. There was a significantly higher prevalence of Angle Class III relationships in Chinese subjects. The Japanese had significantly more Class II molar relationships than other races. CONCLUSION: Racial and gender differences were found in gingival tissue display, the number of missing teeth, maxillary right central incisor crown width, and Angle molar classification, but not in the amount of vertical or horizontal overlap of the anterior teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Forced eruption of a labially impacted maxillary canine with a transcoronal stainless wire: report of case.

An orthodontic-surgical treatment of a high labially impacted maxillary canine is described. The use of a transcoronal wire is recommended as a rapid and safe method to force the eruption of the unfavorable impacted canines. Minimal surgical exposure of the crown is necessary to place a transcoronal wire which can be easily inserted during surgery. Although the canine in the presented case was in an unfavorable position, and the root already formed, it was moved from its initial high position to occlusion in about one year with no loss of vitality and no periodontal anomalies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The combination of a surgical and adhesive restorative approach to treat a deep crown-root fracture: a case report.

Most dental trauma requires immediate action to preserve the affected teeth. Furthermore, the trauma has often a great impact on the appearance and well being of the patient. In this case trauma resulted in a very deep complicated crown-root fracture of one incisor and a complicated crown fracture in another incisor of a 47-year-old woman. A combination of surgical extrusion and adhesive restoration was chosen to provide good prognosis for the teeth as well as an instant esthetic result that was well accepted by the patient. Eleven months after trauma, the treated teeth exhibited good healing and normal function.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2003

Spectroscopic imaging of mineral maturation in bovine dentin.

Dentin is a useful model for the study of mineral maturation. Using Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI), we characterized distinct regions in developing dentin at 7- micro m spatial resolution. Mineral-to-matrix ratio and crystallinity in bovine dentin from cervical and incisal parts of 3rd-trimester fetal compared with one-year-old incisor crowns showed that virtually all maturation stages in dentin could be spectroscopically isolated and analyzed. In the fetal incisors, mantle and circumpulpal dentin presented distinct patterns of mineral maturation. Gradients in both mineral properties examined were observed at the mineralization front and at the dentino-enamel junction.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction.

The skeletal anchorage system (SAS) consists of titanium anchor plates and monocortical screws that are temporarily implanted in either the maxilla or the mandible as absolute orthodontic anchorage. With SAS, anterior open bite can be improved by the counterclockwise rotation of the mandible, accompanied by the intrusion of molars. The present study was designed to evaluate treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following the intrusion of mandibular molars. Nine adult open bite patients (7 women and 2 men) successfully treated with SAS were included in the following study. The amount of intrusion, relapse, and dentoalveolar changes were measured on cephalometric radiographs, panoramic radiographs, and dental casts. The results of this study were as follows: (1) the average amount of intrusion of the mandibular first and second molars was 1.7 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively; (2) the average relapse rates were 27.2% at the first molars and 30.3% at the second molars; (3) there were no significant changes in crestal bone heights, clinical crown length, or root length; and (4) counterclockwise rotation of the mandible and decrease of anterior facial height were observed during treatment. Thus, it was concluded that SAS would be a valid modality to intrude mandibular molars for correction of open bite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Can crown-root ratio predict premolar eruption?

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to establish a method to prospectively predict the eruption of mandibular second premolars with panoramic radiographs. This technique could be used clinically to optimize the timing of comprehensive treatment, detect abnormalities of development and eruption, or effectively estimate eruption timing and determine the need for early intervention because of caries or defects of the deciduous dentition. METHODS: Three hundred one white children from an orthodontic practice in Alaska between the ages of 6 and 16 years were examined and monitored with serial panoramic radiographs until all premolars had erupted. Eruption of the mandibular second premolar was predicted at the first examination based on the panoramic radiograph. When the mandibular second premolar erupted, a researcher measured the crown length to crown-plus-root length ratio on the radiograph using the Simpson and Kunos scale, and the prospectively predicted timing of eruption was compared with the actual timing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The Simpson and Kunos scale allowed a rapid assessment for predicting the time of eruption of mandibular second premolars. The mean age of eruption of the mandibular second premolar in these children was 12.5 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developmental stages of the third molar in Israeli children.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental stages of the third molar in Israeli children, compare its development in boys and girls, in the maxilla and mandible, right to left sides in various age groups, and relate the developmental stage to chronological age. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 693 healthy children and adolescents (328 boys and 365 girls) ages 7 to 16 were analyzed using a modified 6-stage method. Since the 16-year-old group was too small for statistical analysis, it was later excluded from the study. Radiographs were obtained from patient files. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the development of the third molar between boys and girls and between right and left sides. Slight differences were found between the maxilla and mandible. The first appearance of a radiolucent bud was at age 8.7 in the mandible and 9.3 in the maxilla. Crown completion was observed on average at age 11.7 in the maxilla and 11.8 in the mandible. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high correlation between third molar development and chronological age. Agenesis can be determined conclusively if no radiolucent bud is present beyond age 14. The modified 6-stage method allowed more accurate determination of developmental stages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Clinical evaluation of bonding techniques in crown fractures.

The technique of bonding fragments when dental fractures occur is a routine procedure. The objective of this investigation is to demonstrate the retention of the fragments bonded using a compound material according to the Simonsen technique. The most noteworthy conclusion is that this type of restoration lasts less than two years when in the mouth. For this reason other therapeutic options with better future expectations should be introduced.

Acid Etching, Dental↗