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PubMed2001

Immunolocalization of tubulin isoforms and post-translational modifications in the protists Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis.

In the present report we show the distribution of multiple tubulin isoforms in Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus, flagellated parasitic protists of the urogenital tracts of human and cattle, respectively, using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. We used several monoclonal and polyclonal anti-tubulin antibodies from different sources and recognizing variant tubulin isoforms. Our results demonstrate that: (1) there is a heterogeneous distribution of the different tubulin isoforms in the main microtubular cell structures, such as axostyle, flagella, basal bodies, and mitotic spindle, (2) the axostyle-pelta junction is a structure with high affinity for glutamylated tubulin antibodies in T. foetus, (3) the spindle labeling is positive to anti-glutamylated tubulin and anti-alpha-tubulin (TAT1 and purchased from Amersham) antibodies in T. vaginalis but it is negative in T. foetus, (4) the nuclear matrix and the cytosol presented positive reaction using glutamylated and TAT1 (anti-alpha-tubulin) antibodies only in T. vaginalis, and (5) the Golgi complex exhibited staining using the glutamylated tubulin antibody. The present data corroborate with the idea of the existence of a heterogeneous population of microtubules in these protists and of a subset of intracytoplasmic microtubules. Microtubule diversity may reflect distinct tubulins, diverse microtubule-associated proteins, or a combination of both.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Polyamine biosynthesis and inhibition in Trichomonas vaginalis.

Polyomines - particularly putrescine, spermidine and spermine - are ubiquitous components of eukaryote and most prokaryote cells, and are essential for optimal cell proliferation. But since routes of polyamine synthesis may differ, for example between parasites and their hosts, selective inhibition of polyamine metabolism offers an attractive target for chemotherapy - as already shown with the success of difluoromethylomithine (DFMO) as an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis in African trypanosomes. Parasitology Today has featured a series of articles reviewing research on polyamine metabolism of various parasites (eg. vol. 3, pp 190-192, pp 312-315; vol. 4, pp 18-20) and here, Nigel Yorlett discusses these metabolic aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis (Fig. 1)-a common parasite of the urogenital tract.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Gene Transcription in Trichomonas vaginalis.

Since the cloning of the first gene from the flagellated, parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis in 1990, at least a partial sequence has been obtained from over 100 genes. Molecular and biochemical analyses using these genes have enhanced our understanding of metabolism, organelle biogenesis, drug susceptibility, phylogeny and basic properties of transcription in trichomonads. Here, David Liston and Patricia Johnson discuss the available data on the regulation of transcription of protein-coding genes in T. vaginalis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Diagnostic utility of p16 immunocytochemistry for Trichomonas in urine cytology.

We present a case in which p16 immunocytochemistry helped establish the diagnosis of Trichomonas in urine from a male patient. Based on this finding, we recommend p16 immunocytochemistry as a diagnostic tool for unexpected patients or specimen types in which potential trichomonads are identified following routine cytologic evaluation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1970

[Immobilization-Agglomeration Reaction For The Diagnosis Of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection]

The Trichomonas immobilization-agglomeration reaction was studied using the sera from women with vaginal trichomoniasis and from rabbits inoculated with cultures of T. vaginalis. It was found that the greatest amount of immobilization occurred at 25 to 30 minutes, and that inactivation of the sera did not affect the results. An evidence of antigenic differences between T. vaginalis, T. hominis and C. albicans was confirmed. The immobilization reaction was positive in 80.3% of the 71 T. vaginalis positive cases, but in only 7.7% of the 77 persons of T. vaginalis negative cases. From the above results, it is suggested that immobilization reaction is a useful tool for the diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

[An Experimental Study On The Pathogenicity Of Korean Strains Of Trichomonas Vaginalis]

In order to evaluate the pathogenicity of Korean strains of Trichomonas vaginalis, an experimental inoculation of T. vaginalis into mouse peritoneal cavity was performed. Fifteen strains of T. vaginalis were selected from 53 infected cases and were cultured axenically in Roiron-Rattner medium at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Each strain, at the dose of 0.5 ml of 1 x 10(6)/ml trichomonads, was inoculated intraperitoneally to a group of 10 mice, respectively. A total of 15 groups, consisted of 150 mice, were sacrificed on the 8th day of inoculation, and then they were thoroughly examined for the detection of the lesion. The results obtained in present study were summarized as follows: 1. Prior to inoculation, the positive rates in 2 kinds of media cultivating T. vaginalis were compared. In Johnson's CPLM medium, 65% of positive rate was obtained, and 94.2% of positive rate, the better result, was shown in the culture of Roiron-Rattner medium. 2. Overall death rate of 150 inoculated mice was 7.3% (range 0~40%), and 7 strains (46.7%) out of 15 inoculated strains were proved as fatal strain. 3. The intraperitoneal lesions produced by the inoculation of T. vaginalis were observed in the liver (20%), intestinal wall and mesentery (14%), peritoneal wall (9.3%), wall of the stomach (6.0%), and the spleen (5.3%) of 150 inoculated mice. Occasionally, the lesions were also found in the pancreas and wall of the urinary bladder. In 11.3% of inoculated mice, purulent ascites with living trichomonads could be seen. Thirteen strains (86.7%) out of the 15 inoculated strains produced the T. vaginalis-associated pathological lesions. 4. On the histopathological investigation of those lesions, intraperitoneal inoculation was characterzed by a necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, i.e., acutely necrotizing process with areas of encircling granuloma formation. Numerous free lying trichomonads were seen along the expanding margin of the lesion. Where there were free trichomonads, the reaction was usually of necrotizing. And these organisms directly eroded the vascular wall and often provoked thrombosis. From the above findings, it is considered that the Korean strains of T. vaginalis are highly pathogenic.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Validity of the Papanicolaou Smear in the Diagnosis of Candida spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, and Bacterial Vaginosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of the Papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Candida spp. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Pap smears we performed in 824 symptomatic patients. We compared Pap smear diagnoses with those obtained by standard microscopic examination and Gram stain of the exudate. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the Pap smear for Candida spp. was 31%, 57% for BV, and 51% for T. vaginalis. The specificity for Candida was 98.5%, 94% for BV, and 97% for T. vaginalis. The PPV for Candida was 85%, 70% for BV, and 57%for T. vaginalis. The NPV for Candida was 84%, 90% for BV, and 97% for T. vaginalis. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of Pap smears for Candida spp., BV, and T. vaginalis is inadequate for screening. Pap smear that are positive for T. vaginalis could be used to complement the diagnosis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

[Incidence in Manisa of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with a vaginal discharge.].

Vaginal discharge caused by Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most frequently encountered sexually transmitted infections in women. This study was planned to investigate the frequency of T. vaginalis in patients with a vaginal discharge. Vaginal specimens were collected from 233 women with a vaginal discharge and from 100 women without any discharge as a control group. Materials were taken with a speculum and sterile cotton swabs from the posterior fornix of the vagina; and inoculated into Trypticase-yeast extract-maltose (TYM) medium. T. vaginalis was detected in 11 (4.7%) samples out of the 233 specimens from women with a discharge using both diagnostic methods (direct examination and culture). No T. vaginalis trophozoites were detected in the control group.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1991

The interaction of Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis with macrophages.

The process of interaction between macrophages and Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis was analysed using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The parasites attach to the macrophage surface and are ingested through a phagocytic process. Parasite-macrophage association index was higher for activated than for resident macrophages. Previous incubation of the parasites in the presence of Concanavalin A rendered their surface less negative and more hydrophobic, as evaluated by measurement of the zeta potential and contact angle, respectively. This treatment significantly increased parasite ingestion by resident, but not activated macrophages.

Animals↗