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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Tuberculin skin test reactions by time of reading among Dutch travellers.

SETTING: Five travel and TB control clinics in The Netherlands. OBJECTIVE: To assess the variation of skin test reactions between different days of reading. DESIGN: Cohort study of non-BCG-vaccinated travellers. Mantoux skin test data were analysed for associations between time interval between administration and reading and reaction size. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in reaction size to 1 TU PPD between readings at day 3 or 4, either for pre-travel (n = 1004) or post-travel (n = 577) tests, before (P = 0.990 and 0.210, respectively) or after exclusion of 0 mm reactions (P = 0.330 and 0.474). Time intervals were not different for reaction sizes of 0, 1-9 or > or = 10 mm (P = 0.826 and 0.306). There were also no significant associations for simultaneous tests with a sensitin of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculin skin tests can be read on day 3 or 4, without compromising their validity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Travel and the home advantage.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relative contributions of various travel related variables to visiting team success in the National Hockey League. A multiple regression design was used with game outcome as the dependent variable. The independent variables of interest included, as main effects and interactions, number of time zones crossed, direction of travel, distance traveled, preparation/adjustment time, time of season, game number on the road trip, and the home stand. Visiting team success was negatively associated with the interaction of number of time zones crossed and increased preparation time between games, and was positively associated with game number on the road. It was concluded that only a small portion of the variance in the home advantage/visitor disadvantage can be explained by travel related factors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Southern travelling habits with special reference to tumour site in Swedish melanoma patients.

Southern travelling habits were recorded for 127 melanoma patients from southern parts of Sweden (the 56th latitude), 55 thyroid cancer patients, 100 non-Hodgkin's patients and 794 healthy controls from the same region. Melanoma patients were found to travel significantly more often south of the 45th latitude, as compared with patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or thyroid carcinoma (RR = 2.2 for a difference of + 10 trips), and with the healthy controls (RR = 1.4 for a difference of + 10 trips). Considering men and women separately, the difference was significant only for men. Patients with melanoma had a higher educational level than the tumour controls and the healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). There was a significant correlation between high travelling frequency and high education. An increased risk related to southern travelling was present for patients with melanoma on the extremities and head and neck, as well as for patients with truncal melanoma. These findings support the concept that acute exposure to sunburn may be a risk factor for malignant melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The elderly traveler].

In recent years, the number of senior citizen travelers has been increasing. As a result of this trend, the general practitioner is every more frequently being confronted with the problem of counseling his elderly patients. A particularly important point is that underlying illnesses and long-term medication must be adapted to the destination, traveling time and style of traveling. Since considerable immunization deficits can be found among senior citizens, the application of prophylactic vaccination prior to the jou rney presents an ideal opportunity to bring the patient's immunization status up to date in terms of generally recommended vaccinations. Should chemoprophylaxis be necessary, consideration must always be given to drug interactions. By making appropriate recommendations in terms of health-related and destination-related dos and don'ts, the risk of developing health problems while traveling can be minimized.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Travellers returning to Sweden as sentinels for comparative disease incidence in other European countries, campylobacter and giardia infection as examples.

Comparable figures on disease incidence between countries are difficult to attain. We therefore compared risk of infection for Swedes going to other European countries. We took as the numerator the number of imported cases from European countries of campylobacter and giardia infection in the national Swedish surveillance database, and as the denominator, the number of visitors to each country from a commercial database on foreign travel. Risk of infection in tourists was also compared to national incidence figures for a selection of countries. During the 7 year period 1997-2003, 14,829 campylobacter and 1112 giardia infections were diagnosed in Swedes returning from a European country. The travel database contained information on 14,519 overnight trips to such a country during the same period. Risk of campylobacter infection was over 100 per 100,000 travellers to Portugal and Turkey, but only 1/100,000 in Finland. Risk of giardiasis was highest in Russia (50/100,000). There appears to be substantial underreporting of campylobacter infection in many European countries. In conclusion, the risk of infection with campylobacter and giardia varies 100-fold across Europe. Returning tourists as a sentinel population are a useful tool to estimate these differences. There are large--and unexplained--differences between the risk for travellers and reported national incidence.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed2004

[Travel medicine and its correlations with insurance medicine].

The author describes the basic ideas and skills of travel medicine, as a new discipline of medical science in Hungary. He also emphasizes the importance of the knowledge of assistance medicine (as a substructure of the travel medicine). The author points out that travel medicine should be assigned to the discipline of insurance medicine in Hungary. In respect of Hungary's joining the European Union, Hungarian doctors should be fully aware of the importance of the traveller's medical treatment.

Emergency Medicine↗
PubMed2004

Travel histories as risk factors in the analysis of urban malaria in Colombia.

Self-reported travel histories were used in a case-control study to determine whether movement of local residents to neighboring endemic areas was a risk factor for malaria in the town of Quibdo, Colombia. Multivariate analyses showed that among residents of Quibdo, traveling to an endemic area 8-14 days before disease onset was the strongest risk factor for both Plasmodium falciparum (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 28.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.9-60.32) and P. vivax (adjusted OR = 14.24, 95% CI = 5.27-38.46) malaria. For P. falciparum, individuals who did not travel outside Quibdo during the 8-14 days before disease onset, but who reported traveling 1-7, 15-21, or 22-30 days before disease onset also had an increased risk of malaria. Conversely, use of protection against mosquitoes was negatively associated with P. falciparum. These results highlight the need for malaria control measures that target mobile populations. A definition of imported malaria that allows distinction of imported from autochthonous cases in Quibdo town is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peritoneal dialysis travel "tool box".

Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) face many challenges when traveling, but these challenges can be minimized by pre-travel education, organization, and planning. PD nurses play an important role in helping patients on peritoneal dialysis understand that travel can continue to be a part of their lives and in helping them prepare for, plan, and organize their travel experiences.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

[A case of acute hepatitis E with the travel history to an endemic area].

Hepatitis E is a self-limited and enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis that occurs from epidemic outbreaks of developing countries and sporadic hepatitis in non-endemic areas. In endemic areas, hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis and hepatic failure in pregnancy. Its mortality rate has been reported up to 20%. In non-endemic areas, HEV infection without any travel history is very rare. In Korea, only one case of simple hepatitis E without any travel history to endemic areas was reported. Recently, we experienced a case of acute hepatitis. The patient who had a travel history to India, showed watery diarrhea and high fever. Transaminase level and total bilirubin were increased, and prothrombin time was prolonged. It was positive for IgM anti-HEV and IgG anti-HEV, and showed no evidence of other viral infections or drug ingestion history. In spite of absence of useful test such as seroconversion of IgM anti-HEV and HEV RNA PCR, we diagnosed the case as an acute hepatitis E from his symptom, travel history and initial serologic marker. We report this as a case of hepatitis E infected from endemic areas.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation and management of illness in a child after international travel.

International travel by children is becoming increasingly common over the last few decades. As a result, clinicians may be asked to assist in the evaluation and treatment of an ill child after international travel. Along with recording the typical thorough history of present illness and medical history, the physician who cares for a child in this situation will have to take a thorough travel history and consider not only local conditions, but also possible pathogens that the child may have encountered during the journey. A detailed travel history should be routinely performed to investigate specific exposures. Reference materials are available that can guide the clinician in determining which infectious agents are endemic to various areas of the world. With the exception of obtaining a basic laboratory screen, further evaluation of the young patient should be dictated by the most likely cause of the illness. Repeated testing and examinations and close follow-up may be necessary to arrive at the proper diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment in a timely manner.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Frequent flyer business travelers. The role of the occupational health nurse.

When managing frequent flyer business travelers, occupational health nurses focus on health promotion and health protection goals. The three types of prevention (i.e., primary, secondary, tertiary) follow a timeline beginning with complete prevention, and proceeding through and ending with management of a disease process. Occupational health nurses design and implement practice strategies based on this progression. Travel health nursing is rapidly expanding as the number of travelers, immunizations, and modes of transportation increase. Physicians focus on disease, industrial hygienists focus on hazard exposure, and safety professionals address occupational issues related to illnesses and injuries. Occupational health nurses are the professionals who focus on all three areas, in addition to health promotion and health protection. Frequent flyer business travelers have specific and complex needs that occupational health nurses are in a unique position to address.

Case Management↗
PubMed2004

[Vaccination priorities for traveller's children].

Routine, recommended and required immunization are important for traveller's children. All required immunization. The most frequent vaccine vaccine preventable infection travellers to developing counties in hepatitis A. Influenza is estimated to be 1%. Routine immunization against poliomyelitis is important for travel to north Africa and parts of Asia. It should be considered that many immunizations are recommended for special risk groups only. If health professionals do not comply with rule, serious problems my arise as a traveller my be refused entry to the country.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2005

Travel-associated dengue infections--United States, 2001-2004.

Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted, acute viral disease caused by any of the four dengue virus serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4). Dengue is endemic in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world and has occurred in U.S. residents returning from travel to such areas. CDC maintains a laboratory-based passive surveillance system for travel-associated dengue among U.S. residents. The system relies on voluntary reports submitted to state health departments by clinicians; patient specimens are then forwarded to CDC for diagnostic testing. This report summarizes information about travel-associated dengue cases among U.S. residents during 2001-2004. The risk for dengue infection among travelers can be reduced by use of repellents and by avoiding exposure to mosquitoes.

Dengue↗
PubMed2005

[HIV and travel].

Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), persons living with HIV (PLHIV) are traveling more frequently and international travel has become much safer. Specific concerns include the safety of ART during travel, drug adherence and interactions. The simultaneous administration of ART and antimalarial drugs is a challenge, considering the lack of reliable data. Several travel-related infectious diseases are more frequent and/or more severe in PLHIV. Even with a CD4 count > 400/microl, some PLHIV experience lower immune responses to several vaccines. With avanced immunosuppression, complications following the administration of live vaccines can occur, and most of the responses to vaccine are clearly reduced. The consequences of reduced vaccine immunogenicity on their clinical effectiveness (protection against infection) are unclear.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

[Traveller's medicine on the Internet].

The Internet has become an invaluable source of information for both travellers and physicians. Travellers are better informed than previously and expect their physicians to organise the wide variety of information found on the Net. There is no peer review of information on the Net, and the best course for a physician is to use a few, authoritative Web sites such as those of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Supplementary information can be found on the Web sites of professional societies such as the International Society for Travel Medicine, the Danish Society for Travel Medicine and ProMED mail.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2005

[Malaria prophylaxis for long-term travellers and expatriates].

Long-term travellers and expatriates are often non-compliant with malaria chemoprophylaxis due to a gradual neglect of the malaria risk combined with an unwillingness to take drugs for prolonged periods. The available regimes either have limited efficacy or are hampered by side effects, fears, cost and lack of data on long-term use. In order to prevent the dire consequences of malaria, we suggest tailoring the antimalarial strategy to the individual traveller. This requires balancing the risk of getting malaria, based on local transmission patterns, mosquito control and other factors, with the traveller's access to medical care and the options for chemoprophylaxis, the use of which in some cases may be limited to the rainy season or periods of travel to high-risk areas.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed2005

[Pregnant women, children and international travel].

Pregnant women and children have special needs and vulnerabilities that should be addressed when preparing for travel abroad. The most stable time for travel during pregnancy is the second trimester. Live vaccines should be avoided during pregnancy. Children should be up to date on both routine and travel-related vaccines. Elective travel to malarious areas, especially where chloroquine-resistant malaria is endemic, should be avoided, as some vaccines and antimalarial drugs may not be used during pregnancy and for children below a certain age. Guidelines on preventive measures are given.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1992

Prevention of traveler's diarrhea.

Preventing traveler's diarrhea is usually a matter of common sense, good luck, and the host's ability to defend against enteric pathogens, particularly enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Untreated tap water, ice cubes, unpasteurized milk products, salads, food from street vendors, and dining in unhygienic-appearing restaurants should be avoided. Well-cooked food that is served hot and carbonated, commercially bottled beverages are usually safe. Food and water precautions, however, are no guarantee of success in preventing traveler's diarrhea. Bismuth subsalicylate used prophylactically is somewhat inconvenient and is only moderately effective. Although antibiotic prophylaxis is very effective for traveler's diarrhea, particularly the quinolones, it should be reserved for high-risk travelers.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗