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PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonography of splenic metastases.

Splenic metastases were studied by ultrasound in 31 patients. Sixteen (52%) patients had multifocal lesions, 12 (39%) had single metastases and 3 (10%) had diffuse splenic infiltration. Splenomegaly was seen in 6 patients with focal metastases and in all 3 with diffuse infiltration. The focal metastases were hypoechoic in 13 (46%) patients, of mixed type in 8 (29%), hyperechoic in 4 (14%) and of target type in 3 (11%) patients. There was no correlation between the radiologic features of the metastases and the type of the primary tumour. Ultrasound examination disclosed the presence of metastases in other abdominal organs in 25 (81%) of the patients. Twenty-eight (90%) patients died during follow-up; the median survival time being 4 months (range 2 weeks to 26 months).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Lack of CD95/FAS gene somatic mutations in extranodal, nodal and splenic marginal zone B cell lymphomas.

Germline CD95 (also known as FAS, APT1 and APO1) gene mutations have been associated with benign lymphoproliferative diseases and autoimmune processes. Somatic mutations have been reported in human tumours, including lymphomas. Since marginal zone B cell lymphomas usually arise in a background of chronic inflammation, often of autoimmune origin, we searched for CD95 gene mutations in an unselected series of marginal zone B cell lymphomas. The CD95/FAS full coding region, comprising exon-intron junctions, was amplified from genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 10 separate reactions. PCR products were analysed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and visualised by silver staining. Bands exhibiting an altered electrophoretic mobility were sequenced. Twenty-seven cases of marginal zone B cell lymphomas of whom fresh or frozen tumour material was available (18 extranodal, five splenic and four nodal) were studied. Previously described silent polymorphisms in exons 7 (C836T) and 3 (T416C) were detected in 42% and in 19% of the cases, respectively. One silent T-to-A substitution at bp 431, within exon 3, was found in one case. Our results did not reveal the presence of CD95 somatic mutations in unselected cases of marginal zone B cell lymphomas. On the basis of our data, we cannot rule out that other genes coding for proteins involved in the CD95-induced apoptotic pathway might be altered. However, this pathway does not seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these lymphoma subtypes.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2006

Malignant nonfunctioning islet cell tumor of the pancreas with intrasplenic growth: a case report.

BACKGROUND: We reported a case of malignant nonfunction islet cell tumor (10.0 cm in diameter) of the pancreas, with malignant histological features and splenic infiltration. The case is rare, and few reports have been published. METHODS: A 46-year-old woman with a vague pain in the left upper quadrant for 3 months was found to have a tumor in the spleen. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated a well-defined pancreatic tumor of 8.2 X 10.0 cm in size, her serum levels of pancreatic hormones were within normal limits. RESULTS: Splenectomy combined with pancreatectomy was performed for the tail of the pancreas. Resected specimens showed a malignant nonfunctioning islet cell tumor invading the spleen. CONCLUSIONS: The growth pattern of the tumor causes malignant features. Resection of the tumor should be performed by enucleation, pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy.

Carcinoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1976

Histiocytic medullary reticulosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia of T cell origin.

A patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia of T (thymic-derived) cell origin was successfully treated and was maintained in remission for four months by combined chemotherapy. He died following a seven-week, fulminant course with fever, refractory pancytopenia, and marked hepatosplenomegaly. The autopsy showed lymphoid leukemic infiltration and extensive histiocytic medullary reticulosis in various organs. The possible relations between these two lymphoreticular diseases are discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2004

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a powerful tool to obtain samples from small lesions.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a powerful imaging modality to identify and determine the extent of a lesion. In addition, EUS is superior to a computed tomography scan in detecting lesions < 3 cm. The objective of the current study was to determine whether small lesions (< or = 25 mm) affected the specimen adequacy and the diagnostic accuracy for lesions aspirated under EUS guidance. METHODS: In the current study, 209 consecutive EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) samples < or = 25 mm (100 samples) or > 25 mm (109 samples) as determined by EUS were obtained from 151 patients with a mean age of 62 years (range, 39-94 years). A cytopathologist present in the endoscopy suite determined specimen adequacy. Yield of adequate samples for diagnosis, number of passes, and operating characteristics of EUS-FNAB for small (< or = 25 mm) and large lesions (>25 mm) were compared. RESULTS: The overall yield of obtaining adequate samples for diagnosis was 96% (201 of 209). There was no difference noted with regard to the yield of obtaining samples (96% vs. 96%) from small or large lesions. A mean of 2.5 passes (range, 1-9 passes) was needed to obtain adequate samples from lesions < or = 25 mm, whereas a mean of 4.5 passes (range, 1-11 passes) was needed to obtain adequate samples from lesions > 25 mm. The sensitivity (96% vs. 96%), specificity (100% vs. 100%), and diagnostic accuracy (98% vs. 97%) for EUS-FNAB were comparable whether the lesion was < or = 25 mm or > 25 mm. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-FNAB was a highly effective technique to obtain samples from small (< or = 25 mm) and large (> 25 mm) lesions without affecting the sensitivity, specificity, or diagnostic accuracy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Induction of a tumor with greatly increased metastatic growth potential by injection of cells from a low-metastatic H-2 heterozygous tumor cell line into an H-2 incompatible parental strain.

An H-2 heterozygous sarcoma, MDAY, originally induced with methylcholanthrene in an (A X DBA/2)F1 ((H-2a X H-2d) hybrid host was selected for growth in the H-2d homoxygous parental DBA/2 strain by serial intraperitoneal transplantation of ascites tumor cells. An apparent variant, designated MDAY-D2, was obtained which showed the expected loss of the private and public H-2Kk haplotype antigens normally associated with the A strain parent and the original MDAY tumor. Comparison of the original and variant lines revealed a wide variety of a cell surface antigen and receptor differences. Both tumors were found to be highly anaplastic and histologically unclasssifiable. Examination of the two tumor lines growing in vivo revealed a remarkable difference in their metastatic growth potential. The original MDAY line showed little propensity to spread to any organ site, with the occasional exception of liver, after subcutaneous inoculation of (A X DBA/2)F1 mice. In striking contrast, there was a rapid and massive spread of MDAY-D2 to liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys within 12-16 days: liver and spleen could be totally replaced by tumor within 2-3 weeks. These characteristics were observed in both (A X DBA/2)F1 and DBA/2 mice. The tendency to metastasize, as well as loss of the H-2Kk haplotype, appeared stable and irreversible. Although the precise origin of MDAY-D2 is not clear, its metastasizing properties are unique, making it a useful and desirable model to study the biology of metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interferon treatment markedly inhibits the development of tumor metastases in the liver and spleen and increases survival time of mice after intravenous inoculation of Friend erythroleukemia cells.

To investigate the effect of interferon treatment on the development of tumor metastases, DBA/2 mice were injected i.v. with 2 X 10(6) Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC) (equivalent to about 5 X 10(5) LD50). FLC multiplied rapidly in the liver and spleen and all untreated or control treated mice died between 7 and 12 days. Daily treatment of mice with potent preparations of mouse interferon alpha/beta was initiated 3 to 72 hr after i.v. inoculation of tumor cells, at times when FLC were already present in the liver and spleen. Interferon treatment resulted in a 100 to 1,000-fold inhibition of the multiplication of FLC in the liver and spleen and a marked increase in mean survival time. Small numbers of tumor cells persisted in the liver and spleen in some interferon-treated mice and could be recovered by bioassay several weeks after tumor inoculation. Most interferon-treated mice died with tumor in the ensuing months. Three of 34 interferon-treated mice were considered cured as they were alive at 386, 325 and 284 days after tumor inoculation. Daily treatment of tumor-inoculated mice with human recombinant interferons alpha D and alpha BDDD, which had antiviral activity on mouse cells in culture, also increased the survival time of mice injected i.v. with FLC. The use of the interferon-resistant 3C18 line of FLC suggests that the marked inhibition of development of established liver and spleen metastases was not due to a direct effect of interferon on the tumor cells, but was host-mediated.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Selection and characterization of human melanoma lines with different liver-colonizing capacity.

Two human melanoma lines with low (HT168) and high (HT168-MI) liver metastatic capacity in immunosuppressed mice were selected in vivo from the A2058 cell line. After i.v. injection of the 2 tumor lines there was no significant difference either in the number of lung colonies or in the frequency and tissue distribution of extrapulmonary tumor deposits. These findings suggest that the selection in the spleen-liver system did not result in an overall increase in the metastatic potential of the melanoma cells, but rather that it represented an organ-preferential selection. The HT168-MI cells did not acquire an increased growth rate in vitro or in vivo, suggesting that other phenotypic alterations are responsible for the enhanced metastatic capacity. The 2 tumor lines were characterized by similar expression of HLA-A,B,C, transferrin receptor and melanoma-associated proteoglycan antigen. HT168 contained more NGF receptor, while HLA-DR appeared only on HT168-MI cells. This human metastasis model could be useful in studying the mechanisms of liver metastasis formation, as well as in revealing possible new targets of antimetastatic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of lymphoma: a review.

A retrospective review of the ultrasound examination of 138 patients suffering from lymphoma has been undertaken. The value of ultrasound in determining the extent of disease throughout the body has been demonstrated, as well as some of the uses of ultrasound in therapy. The limitations of ultrasound examinations are also described.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of host defenses on the hepatic colonization of B16F10 melanoma cells.

To investigate the significance of host immunity in metastasis we have simultaneously evaluated metastatic development and the tumoricidal action of host defenses in an experimental system for liver metastasis which involves the intrasplenic injection of B16F10 melanoma cells in syngeneic mice. In addition, three experimental groups were treated with immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporin A (CsA) during the following periods of the malignant process: 1st-5th days, 1st-12th days and 7th-12th days. Analysis of cytolytic effects of macrophages, NK cells and T-lymphocytes on tumor cells reveals a decay in antitumor immunity from the 7th day to the 12th day and a marked resistance of B16F10 melanoma cells derived from hepatic metastases to T-lymphocytes and NK cells. The 1st-5th day CsA treatment of tumor-bearing mice produced a reduction in both T-lymphocyte and macrophage reactions against tumor cells and a significant increase in the 7th day micrometastasis incidence in the liver. Once micrometastases have been established the CsA-treatment suppression on the 5th day allows the tumor growth rate in these mice to become the same as in controls. However, the 7th-12th day CsA treatment produces a clear inhibitory effect on focal metastatic development which may correspond to the in vitro antiproliferative effect of CsA, detected on cultured B16F10 melanoma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hepatosplenic AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

Abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) were performed in one patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and biopsy-proven hepatosplenic Kaposi's sarcoma. Small hyperechoic nodules were seen in the liver and spleen at US. CT revealed hepatosplenomegaly and low-attenuation focal lesions in the liver. These findings, although nonspecific, are suggestive of hepatosplenic involvement in Kaposi's sarcoma.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1976

The role of radionuclide imaging in disease of the alimentary tract.

The current status of radionuclide imaging studies of the liver, spleen, and pancreas is reviewed. Although current instrumentation and radiopharmaceuticals allow considerably better images than in the past, the overall accuracy of detecting liver metastases remains at 80%. The specificity of detecting hepatic space occupying disease has been enhanced by additional radionuclide studies which reveal the vascular and metabolic properties of the lesion.--The frequency of spleen imaging has increased since 99mTc-labeled colloids have been used. In most instances, it is obtained as a coincidental portion of the liver scintigraphic examination although it has significant primary indications such as in the elucidation of masses in or trauma to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.--Selenium-75 selenomethionine pancreatic scintigraphy is best performed with serial Anger Camera images. Interfering hepatic activity is best removed by electronic subtraction techniques; if available. Careful attention to patient selection for the procedure is important. The mean true-positive and negative rates are 86% and 20%, respectively.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

A case of adenomatosis coli complicated with malignant lymphoma of the spleen.

A case of adenomatosis coli complicated with malignant lymphoma of the spleen is described herein. An increase in the serum lactic dehydrogenase level of a 50 year old female was noted 9 years after she underwent a total colorectal resection for adenomatosis coli complicated by cancer. A tumor was observed in the spleen on CT and ultrasonography, and a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was subsequently made by biopsy. At the time of splenectomy, no extension of the tumor was observed in any other organs and it was found histologically to be large cell type follicular lymphoma. A review of the 903 patients with adenomatosis coli documented in Japan revealed the occurrence of mesodermal malignant tumors to be considerably high. Hence, adenomatosis coli appears likely to be a causative factor in malignant lymphoma of mesodermal origin.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

[Incidence and prognostic significance of epithelioid cell reactions and microcarcinoses in regional lymph nodes in stomach carcinoma].

The frequency and prognostic relevance of sarcoid-like lesions and microcarcinosis in regional lymph nodes in gastric cancer (n = 113; pT1-3, pN0-1, pM0, R0) were investigated; the prognostic value was compared with pT and pN stage, grading and Laurén's tumor classification with Cox's multivariate regression-model. Sarcoid like lesions were found in 34% of the cases (n = 113). Statistical analysis did not indicate that they had any prognostic value or showed whether or not microcarcinosis or metastasis was present; they were independent of pT stage, histological tumor type, tumor grading, and the clinical course of disease. Microcarcinosis (defined as scattered carcinoma cells within lymph node sinuses or pulp without adjacent stromal reaction) was revealed by immunohistochemistry in 90% of pN0 cases; the presence of 3 or more tumor cells per lymph node section in over 10% of sampled lymph nodes per case carried a significant prognostic value. In microcarcinosis without evidence of metastasis, the number of tumor cells and the number of involved lymph nodes are of prognostic value. In pN1 cases microcarcinosis was found as well as the metastases in 97% and had no additional prognostic value. Microcarcinosis alone has a different significance from lymph node metastasis for prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗