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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Treatment of head louse infestation with 4% dimeticone lotion: randomised controlled equivalence trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4% dimeticone lotion for treatment of head louse infestation. DESIGN: Randomised controlled equivalence trial. SETTING: Community, with home visits. PARTICIPANTS: 214 young people aged 4 to 18 years and 39 adults with active head louse infestation. INTERVENTIONS: Two applications seven days apart of either 4.0% dimeticone lotion, applied for eight hours or overnight, or 0.5% phenothrin liquid, applied for 12 hours or overnight. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cure of infestation (no evidence of head lice after second treatment) or reinfestation after cure. RESULTS: Cure or reinfestation after cure occurred in 89 of 127 (70%) participants treated with dimeticone and 94 of 125 (75%) treated with phenothrin (difference -5%, 95% confidence interval -16% to 6%). Per protocol analysis showed that 84 of 121 (69%) participants were cured with dimeticone and 90 of 116 (78%) were cured with phenothrin. Irritant reactions occurred significantly less with dimeticone (3/127, 2%) than with phenothrin (11/125, 9%; difference -6%, -12% to -1%). Per protocol this was 3 of 121 (3%) participants treated with dimeticone and 10 of 116 (9%) treated with phenothrin (difference -6%, -12% to -0.3%). CONCLUSION: Dimeticone lotion cures head louse infestation. Dimeticone seems less irritant than existing treatments and has a physical action on lice that should not be affected by resistance to neurotoxic insecticides.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Single blind, randomised, comparative study of the Bug Buster kit and over the counter pediculicide treatments against head lice in the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the Bug Buster kit with a single treatment of over the counter pediculicides for eliminating head lice. DESIGN: Single blind, multicentre, randomised, comparative clinical study. SETTING: Four counties in England and one county in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: 133 young people aged 2-15 years with head louse infestation: 56 were allocated to the Bug Buster kit and 70 to pediculicide treatment. INTERVENTIONS: Home use of proprietary pediculicides (organophosphate or pyrethroid) or the Bug Buster kit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence of head lice 2-4 days after end of treatment: day 5 for the pediculicides and day 15 for the Bug Buster kit. RESULTS: The cure rate using the Bug Buster kit was significantly greater than that for the pediculicides (57% v 13%; relative risk 4.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 8.5). Number needed to treat for the Bug Buster kit compared with the pediculicides was 2.26. CONCLUSION: The Bug Buster kit was the most effective over the counter treatment for head louse infestation in the community when compared with pediculicides.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Treating head louse infections.

Infection with head lice is most common in children aged 6-11 years but can affect anybody. It rarely affects general health but can cause much anxiety. Here we discuss how best to manage such infection, particularly given worries about possible resistance and carcinogenicity with the topical insecticide treatments.

Child↗
PubMed2002

A sebaceous cyst with a difference: Dermatobia hominis.

Dermatobia hominis causes furuncular myiasis and is endemic to South America. This report describes a case in a young woman who had recently visited Belize, highlighting the importance of clinical history (including travel history) and close liaison between pathologist and surgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Skin disease in Lambeth. A community study of prevalence and use of medical care.

A community survey of skin disease was carried out in Lambeth, London. A postal questionnaire asking recipients to give details of the presence of skin disease was sent to a stratified sample of 2180 adults; a subsample of 614 persons were interviewed at home and an inspection was made of the exposed parts of their skin. Altogether 92 conditions were identified. These were graded for clinical severity and classified into 13 groups. The overall prevalence of skin disease thought to justify medical care was 22-5%. The most common important condition was eczema with a prevalence of 6-1%. Age, sex, and social class trends in prevalence were found in certain groups of skin disease. Of those with a skin disease thought to justify medical care, only 21% reported having attended their general practitioner in the past six months for a skin complaint. The reported use of medical care and self medication is discussed in relation to the presence of skin disease and other factors.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2004

Erosion of nails following thallium poisoning: a case report.

This case report describes a patient with thallium poisoning caused by repeated exposure to low doses of thallium. Alopecia and nail changes were the most prominent features of this case. There was dystrophy of nails in the form of whitish lunular stripes. This is the first report of complete erosion of proximal parts of nails following thallium poisoning. This case is the first report of thallium poisoning from India occurring from repeated low dose exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Household exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood acute leukaemia.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between childhood acute leukaemia and household exposure to pesticides. METHODS: The study included 280 incident cases of acute leukaemia and 288 controls frequency matched on gender, age, hospital, and ethnic origin. The data were obtained from standardised face to face interviews of the mothers with detailed questions on parental occupational history, home and garden insecticide use, and insecticidal treatment of pediculosis. Odds ratios were estimated using unconditional regression models including the stratification variables parental socioeconomic status and housing characteristics. RESULTS: Acute leukaemia was observed to be significantly associated with maternal home insecticide use during pregnancy (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8) and during childhood (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4), with garden insecticide use (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.3), and fungicide use (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.2) during childhood. Insecticidal shampoo treatment of pediculosis was also associated with childhood acute leukaemia (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.3). CONCLUSION: The results reported herein support the hypothesis that various types of insecticide exposure may be a risk factor for childhood acute leukaemia. The observed association with insecticidal shampoo treatment of pediculosis, which has never been investigated before, requires further study.

Acute Disease↗