Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SALICYLAMIDE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

D-1 and D-2 receptor antagonists decrease corn oil sham feeding in rats.

Intraperitoneal injection of the highly selective D-1 and D-2 receptor antagonists, SCH 23390 and (-)-raclopride, respectively, produced a dose-related decrease in the intake of corn oil in a 30-min, sham-feeding test. The threshold dose for a significant decrease in intake was 100 micrograms.kg-1 for SCH 23390 and 200 micrograms.kg-1 for raclopride. These doses did not impair rats' latencies to initiate sham feeding, and they did not produce any overt motor deficits. These data, therefore, are consistent with the hypothesis that central dopaminergic activity at both D-1 and D-2 receptors is necessary for the normal processing of the sensory and/or hedonic effects of the oral stimuli produced by corn oil during sham feeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Yawning induced by the selective dopamine D2 agonist N-0437 is blocked by the selective dopamine autoreceptor antagonist (+)-UH 232.

Yawning and stretching responses were elicited in rats by a small dose (0.3 mg/kg) of the highly selective dopamine D2 agonist, N-0437. The responses were blocked by the highly selective dopamine autoreceptor antagonist, (+)-UH 232 (3.0 mg/kg), but not by raclopride at a dose which selectively blocks postsynaptic D2 receptors. The results strongly confirm the view that yawning and stretching are behavioral responses elicited by stimulation of presynaptic D2 receptors.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1996

The effects of raclopride on vacuous jaw movements in rats following acute administration.

Classic neuroleptics produce a syndrome of vacuous jaw movements in rats, whereas atypical neuroleptics like clozapine do not. The present study compared the effects of repeated administration of raclopride, clozapine, haloperidol, or vehicle on vacuous jaw movements in rats over a 4-week period. Rats received an IP injection of drug once a day. On days 1, 8, 15, and 29 the rats were observed for a 5-min period by two trained observers who recorded their vacuous jaw movements. The dose-response curves at which each drug produced vacuous jaw movements are presented and discussed in terms of their predictive capabilities of early onset extrapyramidal side effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pleomorphism and the problem of recrudescent parasitaemia following treatment with salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) in African trypanosomiasis.

The curative action of a single dose of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) in combination with glycerol was investigated in mice infected with a variety of monomorphic and pleomorphic African trypanosomes. The treatment of mice infected with monomorphic members of the sub-genus Trypanozoon was always successful and resulted in a complete cure. Treatment of animals with pleomorphic infections resulted in an initial clearance of the parasitaemia which later recrudesced. Both chronic and acute infections with Trypanosoma vivax were radically cured with SHAM plus glycerol, while infections with T. congolense and T. musculi were never cured.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Age-related changes in contact photosensitivity differ among mouse strains.

There are differences among mouse strains in the age-related changes in reactivity to the contact photosensitizer tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA). We found a tendency to lower reactions in older mice, with some strains showing declines from an early age (BALB/cJ, MRL/MpJ +/+, MRL/MpJ lpr/lpr and SJL/J). Others had increasing reactions until about 30-50 weeks of age before declining (DBA/1J, C3H/HeJ, and A/J) and one strain (C57BL/6J) had increased reactivity with age. There are also differences in the role of cyclophosphamide-sensitive T-suppressor cells in these age-related changes. In some mouse strains, BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J, A/J, DBA/1J and C3H/HeJ, age-related changes in reactivity to TCSA are independent of changes in cyclophosphamide-sensitive suppressor cells. In other strains, MRL/MpJ +/+, MRL/MpJ lpr/lpr and SJL/J, the development of cyclophosphamide-sensitive suppressor cells is responsible for the initial, though not later, stages of the age-related decline in reactivity.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptor antagonists potentiate analgesic and motor effects of morphine.

To examine the role of dopamine receptor subtypes mediating analgesic and motor responses to opioids, rats were pretreated with either saline or a selective D-1 or D-2 dopamine receptor antagonist 10 min prior to morphine (12 mg/kg IP). Analgesic response latency was determined using the hot plate test (52.5 degrees C and 55 degrees C), and catalepsy was assessed using the abnormal posture test. Morphine increased analgesic response latency to 44.5 +/- 7.9% of the maximum possible response, but had no cataleptic effect in the abnormal posture test. Pretreatment with either the D-1 antagonist, SCH 23390 (50-100 micrograms/kg), or the D-2 antagonist, eticlopride (20-150 micrograms/kg), potently enhanced morphine analgesia as measured on the 52.5 degrees C hot plate. Peak analgesic responses to morphine increased to 100 +/- 0% and 91.9 +/- 7.5% of maximum with the highest doses of SCH 23390 and eticlopride, respectively. These treatments also produced catalepsy. Increasing the hot plate temperature to 55 degrees C reduced response latency in groups treated with either dopamine receptor antagonist plus morphine. This indicates that the animals were capable of responding at a shorter latency and demonstrates that motor impairment cannot account for potentiation of morphine analgesia by D-1 and D-2 antagonists at 52.5 degrees C. These results show that the relationship between dopamine and opioids with respect to analgesic and motor systems involves both dopamine receptor subtypes.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1989

Mediation of rat postejaculatory 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalization by dopamine D2 receptors.

We investigated the role of dopamine receptor subtypes in the regulation of ultrasonic vocalization and masculine copulatory behavior. Intact sexually experienced male Long-Evans rats were treated with saline, selective dopamine D1 (SKF 38393) and D2 (LY 171555) receptor agonists and with selective dopamine D1 (SCH 23390) and D2 (raclopride) receptor antagonists 15 and 30 min before the 30-min test session, respectively. Mating stimuli were ovariectomized female rats injected SC with estradiol benzoate (8 micrograms/0.1 ml/rat) and progesterone (200 micrograms/0.1 ml/rat), 48 and 4 hr before the test session, respectively. We found a decrease in the number of intromissions required to reach ejaculation in animals treated with SKF 38393 (10 mg/kg/IP), LY 171555 (doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg/kg/SC) and with raclopride (0.1 mg/kg/SC). LY 171555 reduced the postejaculatory vocalization (PEV) in a dose-dependent fashion with complete suppression at the highest dose. No other parameters of sexual behavior were affected by this treatment. Raclopride, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, antagonized the suppressive effects of the D2 agonist LY 171555 on the PEV (and also decreased the number of intromissions to reach ejaculation), whereas SCH 23390, a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, did not. Raclopride, given alone at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/SC, almost completely suppressed all behavioral activity, whereas the lower dose (0.1 mg/kg) decreased intromission frequency and increased the length of the 22 kHz PEV. Therefore, we suggest that 22 kHz PEV is under the control of dopamine D2 receptors.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
PubMed1990

Chronic administration of typical, but not atypical neuroleptics induce persisting alterations in rest-activity cycles in rats.

The behavior of rats administered chronic neuroleptics was observed using an extremely sensitive, computerized device which detected any cage movements, thereby continuously monitoring even very small levels of activity. In the first experiment, it was found that normal rats have a strong rest-activity rhythm with a cycle length of 60-70 min, whereas rats which have been chronically administered either haloperidol (HAL) or fluphenazine (FLU) decanoate for 20 months show a distinct lengthening of this cycle and that this effect persists long after cessation of drug injections. In a second experiment, it was further observed that these lengthened rest-activity cycles also occur when HAL is administered chronically either via osmotic minipumps or in the drinking water, but not following the chronic administration of two atypical neuroleptics (clozapine and raclopride). These findings suggest a useful new technique for the study of side-effects of neuroleptics in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The potency of D-1 and D-2 receptor antagonists is inversely related to the reward value of sham-fed corn oil and sucrose in rats.

Intraperitoneal injection of 50 micrograms.kg-1 of the selective dopamine D-1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, significantly decreased sham feeding of 6% and 10% sucrose solutions, but not sham feeding of 100% corn oil. Intraperitoneal injection of raclopride, a D-2 antagonist, elicited a significant dose-dependent (200-400 micrograms.kg-1) decrease in sham intake of both sucrose concentrations and corn oil at doses that did not increase the latency to sham feed or produce overt motor impairment. The rank order of inhibitory potency for both SCH 23390 and raclopride was 6% sucrose greater than 10% sucrose greater than 100% corn oil. In a second experiment, we found that in 2-bottle preference tests, the rank order of preference for these three liquids was 100% corn oil greater than 10% sucrose greater than 6% sucrose. Assuming that preference measured the relative reward value of the liquids, the potencies of the two antagonists were inversely related to the reward value of the liquid that was sham fed. This result supports but does not prove the dopamine hypothesis of the positive reinforcing effect of orosensory stimulation by nutrients. In addition, the differential selectivity of the two antagonists for different classes of nutrients suggests that normal sensory and/or hedonic processing of sham-fed sucrose depends on stimulation of both D-1 and D-2 receptors, but the normal sensory and/or hedonic processing of sham-fed corn oil depends primarily, perhaps exclusively, on stimulation of D-2 receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The hypothyroid rat as a model of increased sensitivity to dopamine receptor agonists.

Control and hypothyroid rats were challenged with a range of doses (0.5-4 mumol/kg) of either the nonselective dopamine agonist, apomorphine, or the selective D2 receptor agonist. LY 171555, and their stereotyped head-down sniffing (SHDS) responses measured. The dose-response curves for both agonists were shifted to the left in the hypothyroid rats compared to water-treated controls. Increasing doses of the selective D2 antagonist, raclopride, caused a parallel shift to the right in the LY 171555-induced SHDS dose-response curve. Schild analysis revealed a decreased sensitivity to raclopride in the hypothyroid animals. The selective D1 antagonist SCH 23390 was observed to decrease the maximal response elicited by LY 171555 in a dose-dependent manner and the hypothyroid rats were more sensitive to this effect. It was concluded that hypothyroid rats showed an apparent increased sensitivity to D2 receptor agonists and a decreased sensitivity to D2 antagonists. In addition, the facilitation effect of the D1 receptor on the D2 receptor appeared less tightly coupled in the hypothyroid rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

D-1 agonist, SKF 38393, but not a D-2 agonist, produces a cholinergically mediated analeptic effect in rabbits.

SKF 38393 (2-15 mg/kg, IV), but not quinpirole, shortened the duration of loss of righting reflex produced in pentobarbital-narcotized rabbits. This effect was blocked by atropine (2-5 mg/kg, IV), but not by atropine methylbromide, suggesting that a central cholinergic mechanism was involved. The analeptic effect was also blocked by SCH 23390 (0.1 mg/kg, IV) or raclopride (5 mg/kg, IV). These results indicate that SKF 38393 activates central cholinergic neurons, which in turn initiate the analeptic effect. However, the fact that raclopride also blocked the SKF 38393 analeptic effect, but quinpirole did not exert any analeptic effect, suggests that a D-1/D-2 modulation of cholinergic systems may be involved in the SKF 38393-induced analeptic effect. These results also support our earlier findings and view that cocaine-induced analeptic activity is mediated by a dopaminergic-cholinergic mechanism.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗