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Alternative approaches in schistosomiasis control.

Measures for the control of schistosomiasis were implemented in Egypt beginning 1922. This shows that developing endemic countries are facing this problem for near 70 years. However, results in the control of this infection have not been satisfactorily obtained in spite of the technologies and strategies recently developed. The idea that social and economic components are relevant in the control of schistosomiasis is not new although its extension and profundity have not usually been well understood. More recently, most of the workers have recognized that the focal distribution of the prevalence rates of schistosomiasis should not be neglected in the control of the infection. At present, field work projects on the control of schistosomiasis are being developed in rural areas of two Brazilian studies (Espírito Santo and Pernambuco). The adopted strategy aims to interfere in the complex relationships between man and his bio-social-cultural environment, without forgetting that the unequal distribution of the space is a consequence of the political and economic organization of the Society.

Animals↗

Decree No. 2275 partially regulating Chapter VIII of Law 135 of 1961 with modifications and additions introduced by Law 30 of 1988 and setting forth proceedings for the adjudication of uncultivated land, 3 November 1988.

This Colombian Decree sets forth procedures to be followed with respect to the distribution of uncultivated land belonging to the State. It distinguishes between the distribution of land already occupied and exploited and land that is unexploited. In order to be eligible to acquire the land in the first category, occupants must prove that two thirds of the land is being adequately exploited. In general, this land may not exceed 450 hectares for individuals and 1500 hectares for communal enterprises and peasant collectives. No transfer of land in the second category will be considered until two thirds of it is exploited within five years of the granting of rights to exploit it. In addition, compensation must be paid for land in the second category. The Decree also makes provision for the concession of land for infrastructure for concerned communities and contemplates the possibility that usufruct arrangements can be made for agricultural corporations.

Americas↗

The challenge of providing quality psychiatric services in a rural setting.

The development of a system of services that addresses the medical, psychiatric, and social needs of mentally ill persons may be particularly difficult in rural health areas because of environmental, sociocultural, and program issues different from those in urban settings. The quality of rural mental health care must be evaluated in light of these unique needs and resources. This article identifies and discusses problems in delivery of services, including environment, denial, confidentiality, costs, and human resources, and outlines responses to these problems seen as challenges rather than as barriers.

Community Mental Health Centers↗