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PubMedDate not supplied

Helping employees stretch their retirement dollars.

Under a provision of the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, employees who participate in qualified defined contribution pension programs can increase retirement income by spreading out the installments over an annually redetermined life expectancy. The provision also enables employees to withdraw more than the minimum required distribution during periods of inflation and to continue receiving payments beyond age 100. In most cases, the change in distribution will provide payments throughout the participant's lifetime and a small balance for the participant's estate--rather than a fixed number of mandatory withdrawals spread over a shorter period.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retired executives link purchasers and providers in Greater Philadelphia.

A three-year project funded by the John A. Hartford Foundation of New York used retired executives and physicians to overcome Philadelphia area employers' coolness to HMOs. Acting as evaluators, facilitators, educators and advisors, the participants achieved improved understanding and helped raise HMO enrollment from 3.5% to 11.6% of the target population. The President of the Executive Service Corps of the Delaware Valley tells how.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed1999

[An intervention trial to postpone aging in competent elderly. Trial of nutritional improvement in the retirement home].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention program in changing dietary habits and nutritional status, for postponing aging in competent elderly. The intervention group (n = 44, 11 men, 33 women, mean age: 74.3 +/- 5.4 years) comprised residents of a retirement home in a suburb of Tokyo. The intervention program, which consisted of 82 lectures and practice sessions focusing mainly on improvement of life styles, was performed between May 1993 and May 1995. In addition, individualized dietary consultations were provided every week during the intervention period. The age and sex matched control group (n = 133, 33 men, 100 women) was randomly selected from participants of the community-based health examination in Tokyo. Changes in dietary habits were measured by a 15-food frequency questionnaire method. As parameters of nutritional status, serum albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and body mass index (BMI) were simultaneously examined at pre- and post-intervention. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The mean score of Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG Index of Competence) was 11.3 +/- 1.6 in the intervention group, 12.0 +/- 1.6 in the control group, the competent level of functional capacity was equally high in both groups. 2) Food frequencies of meat, fruit, and fat and oil significantly increased in the intervention group. A significant increase in the food frequency of meat was seen in the control group. 3) Significant increases in ALB, HDL-C and BMI were consequently observed in the intervention group, whereas levels of ALB and BMI significantly decreased in the control group. 4) The number of times of participation in the comprehensive intervention program was significantly positively related to the change in ALB between pre- and post-intervention, after adjusted for age, sex, education, TMIG Index of Competence score and ALB level at baseline. These results indicate that the comprehensive intervention program is effective for postponing aging in the competent elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Determining disability. Railroad Retirement Board. Final rule.

The Railroad Retirement Board (Board) hereby amends its disability regulations to discontinue the current policy of conducting continuing disability reviews (CDR's) for medical recovery of disability annuitants in medical improvement not expected (MINE) cases. The Board has found that these reviews have not been cost effective and impose an unnecessary burden on the annuitant.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2002

[Retirement plan for a 70-year-old. Intravenous urography disembarks from uroradiology].

Over the last 70 years, intravenous urography (IVU) has played a major role in the work-up of diseases in the kidneys and the upper urinary tract. However, modern cross-sectional modalities have shown that IVU does not fulfill current requirements. Patients with renal colic are better examined by non-enhanced CT scanning, as it finds more stones (60 versus 100%). Furthermore, a disease outside the upper urinary tract is found in about 15% of patients with renal colic, and in 3% another kidney or upper urinary tract disease is found. For patients with haematuria, CT urography is a better alternative, as it combines the advantages of CT with those of IVU. IVU misses about 15% of renal tumours above 3 cm in diameter and almost all below 3 cm. MR urography is the newest way of imaging the upper urinary tract; its exact role is still undetermined, but it is recommended for children, young persons, and pregnant women. After 70 years of good performance, it is time for IVU to retire.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1990

Population ageing, retirement policy and living conditions of the elderly in China.

The authors discuss economic and social aspects of the predicted rapid aging of China's population. They conclude that "its economic impact will depend on the outcome of the birth control campaign in rural areas...and on the pace of transition towards the nuclear family. In view of the very primitive nature of the retirement and health insurance systems, a rapid breakdown of family structures would constitute a major threat to the welfare of the elderly. Excepting certain middle- or upper-class pensioners in large cities, the standard of living of the elderly population remains very low and, due to the co-residence of generations, it is closely linked to trends in average income."

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Diarrhoea and rash in a retired farmer.

An 83-year-old retired farmer developed invasive strongyloidiasis after using potent topical corticosteroids. Initial colonoscopy features mimicked ulcerative colitis, and the clinical course was complicated by bacterial septicaemia with Serratia and Enterococcus. He was treated successfully with oral ivermectin and antibiotics.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Qualified retirement plans. Yours may be worth just 17 on the dollar.

In summary, let's review the result of the Joneses' coordinated retirement income and estate planning strategy: 1. The Joneses maximized their estate assets, converting an inefficient estate asset to an efficient estate asset, without jeopardizing their current or future standard of living. 2. They committed to a gifting program for only 10 years, after which they have the flexibility to continue gifting the trust or to retain all the current IRA income. 3. They are free to "consume" their other taxable assets during their lifetimes without worrying about saving something for their three children. The Wealth Replacement Trust will leave approximately $1 million for each child. This strategy is obviously not available to everyone, nor is it applicable to everyone. While this solution worked extremely well for these clients, everyone's situation is different. Every situation needs a professional and personalized plan based upon individual objectives. Only after objectives have been clearly identified and alternatives thoroughly explored can a suitable solution be identified. It is important that a thorough review of the entire financial picture be performed by a competent financial planning team before you attempt to correct a potential problem. Make certain your advisers are familiar with solving this type of problem so as not to create additional problems.

Financial Management↗
PubMed1990

Videotape dietary assessment: validity, reliability, and comparison of results with 24-hour dietary recalls from elderly women in a retirement home.

The validity and reliability of a videotape method for quantifying food intake were tested, and results of the method were compared with results obtained from 24-hour dietary recalls. Participants were 37 elderly Catholic nuns (aged 81.8 +/- 4.1 years) who were ambulatory and living in a retirement home. The videotape method of dietary assessment consisted of videotaping food trays of each participant for three meals during 1 day and the subsequent identification of food types and amounts from the videotapes. Estimates of food amounts obtained were used in the calculation of energy and nutrient intake. Correlation coefficients between values for energy and 14 nutrients obtained by direct measurement of food and estimates from the videotape method were high (r = 0.86 to 1.0). Compared with measured food amounts, the videotape method underestimated food quantities by an average of 6%. The reliability test indicated that mean nutrient values obtained from the videotape method by two research assistants differed by an average of 3.7% and were highly correlated (r = 0.84 to 0.98). Comparison of the videotape method with 24-hour dietary recalls revealed differences between mean values that were greater than 10% for energy and 6 of the 14 nutrients and correlations that ranged from 0.09 to 0.82. These results suggest that use of 24-hour dietary recalls among the elderly may result in a high percentage of error.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of neurological and psychological signs to physical and metabolic risk factors in elderly persons living in retirement facilities: a multidisciplinary approach.

A multidisciplinary study was performed on 128 elderly subjects living in retirement facilities to correlate the occurrence of neurological signs with the presence of physical or metabolic risk factors, and cognitive impairment. Primitive reflexes were significantly correlated with ankle/arm ratio, Hachinski dementia score, Plutchik GRS score, and hypomimia. The contemporary presence of snout reflex, glabella tap, and palmomental reflex was consistently associated with dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary function study of retired cotton textile workers and the relationship to cigarette smoking.

A group of 173 retired cotton textile workers from one cotton mill in Shanghai was surveyed. A modified British Medical Research Council (BMRC) questionnaire was administered, and lung function tests were performed using an LR-80 flow-volume machine made in China. All workers had worked in the preparatory and spinning departments for more than 25 years. A group of 373 healthy age-matched individuals with similar social, economic, and educational backgrounds but with no history of dust or any toxic agent exposure was selected as the control group. Pulmonary function parameters from the forced expiratory effort were recorded. Prediction equations were derived from 157 controls who had never smoked and had no history of respiratory or cardiovascular disorders. The ratios of observed to predicted values in the male and female cotton textile workers and controls were examined using two-way analysis of variance and Student's t test. There was no significant difference between the cotton textile workers and the controls in lung function parameters, whereas cigarette smoking had a distinct impact on all the parameters except forced vital capacity. The effects of cotton dust exposure and cigarette smoking appeared to be additive. It is suggested that the effect of cigarette smoking on the respiratory tract may be located mainly in the small airways.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Stimulatory effect of high polyunsaturated fat diet on lung metastasis from the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma in female retired breeder rats.

The effect of a high-fat (HF) diet (23% corn oil) on the growth and metastasis of the 13762 mammary tumor in Fischer 344 retired breeder (RB) and young virgin (YV) female rats was studied. The RB (10-12 mo old) and YV (8 wk old) rats were fed the HF or low-fat (LF) diet (5% corn oil) prior to and following tumor implantation for a total of at least 10 weeks. The growth rate of the primary tumor in the intact RB and YV was not affected by the HF diet. In RB rats ovariectomized 4 weeks prior to tumor implantation, the tumor grew significantly faster in the HF group as compared to the LF group. The total volume of metastatic tumor nodules in the lungs of the HF groups was significantly higher than that in the the lungs of the LF groups in both the intact and ovariectomized RB. In the YV, there was no difference in pulmonary metastatic burden between the HF and LF groups. The weights of the HF intact and ovariectomized RBs were higher than those of the LF animals. However, when pulmonary metastatic tumor burden was compared to body weight at implant or at sacrifice, there was no significant correlation in either the HF or LF groups. These results suggest that an HF diet enhanced the growth of pulmonary metastases in the intact and ovariectomized RB but not the YV rats and that the effect of the HF diet on pulmonary tumor burden cannot be attributed entirely to increased body weight.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

A quantitative analysis of fine structure and drug metabolism in livers of clofibrate-treated young adult and retired breeder rats.

The effects of clofibrate on the fine structure and drug-metabolizing capacity of livers of normolipidemic young adult virgin (YA) and hypercholesterolemic retired breeder (RB) male rats were measured by morphometric and biochemical procedures. The oral administration of clofibrate for 7 days significantly increased liver weight and reduced the cholesterol concentrations in the serum and liver tissue in both groups of animals. The hepatic triglyceride (TG) concentration and the volume of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, presumably TG, as well as the serum TG concentration, increased only in the drug-treated RB rats. Clofibrate treatment resulted in significant increases in the volumes of the hepatocytes and their constituent mitochondria and microbodies and caused a proliferation of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Although the magnitude of the hypocholesterolemic response was considerably greater in the RB animals, the morphological changes were much more marked in the YA group. However, the surface area of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was reduced in the livers of the drug-treated RB rats. NADPH cytochrome c reductase specific activity was significantly increased in both the RB and YA animals, but the concentration of cytochrome P-450 (per mg microsomal protein) increased only in the YA rats. Neither the cytochrome b5 concentration nor the rate of ethylmorphine N-demethylation was significantly affected by clofibrate administration. The results suggest that there is no positive correlation between the hypocholesterolemic response to clofibrate and the degree of subcellular changes in the hepatocytes and that this hypolipidemic drug elicits a minimal effect on the concentrations of the components of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing system.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems in the organization and evaluation of dispensary care for the population of citizens of retirement age in basic ambulatory care].

The paper deals with the dispensary care concept aiming at people at the age of retirement as target-group. The author explains the concept on the base of epidemiological requirements and shows ways how it is to be fulfilled under metro conditions opposite non-metro. Stress is laid on evaluative research, being an instrument of bringing out organizational forms the most effectives. Guiding principles for the evaluation of process-development being proposed.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Control studies on retired lead workers].

Nine lead-workers, with an exposure time of 26 years, are investigated 10 years, after they had retired. There are no differences in the blood-count, hemoglobin, blood-lead level, urin-delta-aminolevulinic-acid, urincoproporphyrin and delta-aminolevulinic-acid-dehydratase-activity in their blood, upon comparison with a control group without lead-exposure. The mean urinary excretion of lead (0.119 mumol/g Kreatinin = 24 microgram/g Kr.) was 8 times higher than of reached by the controls (0.014 mumol/g Kr. = 2.7 microgram/g Kr.). The injection of CaNa2-EDTA increased the lead excretion to 0.197 mumol/g Kr. = 40.8 microgram/g Kr., in the control group 0.123 mumol/g Kr. - 25.7 microgram/g Kr. (62%). Therefore these two investigations are recommended for detection of previous lead exposure.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Spontaneous lesions in virgin and retired breeder BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice.

Prevalences of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were reported for 3,000 virgin and 800 retired breeder BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, untreated and of both sexes. The most common nonneoplastic lesions in the BALB/c mice were: hepatic fatty metamorphosis, uterine hemosiderosis and mineralization, testicular atrophy, ovarian cysts, and adrenal subcapsular spindle cell hyperplasia. The most common neoplasms in the BALB/c mice were: pulmonary tumors, hepatocellular neoplasms, Harderian adenomas, and uterine polyps. Common nonneoplastic lesions in the C57BL/6 mice were: pulmonary lymphoid accumulations, hepatic fatty metamorphosis, multifocal aggregates of mononuclear cells in the liver, proteinaceous renal casts, uterine hemosiderosis, endometrial cystic hyperplasia, ovarian atrophy, ovarian cysts, and pituitary cysts. The most common neoplasms in the C57BL/6 mice were angiosarcomas and pituitary adenomas. Hematopoietic tumors were common in both strains.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

The role of pensions in retirement income: trends and questions.

Pensions are an important and increasingly common supplement to Social Security benefits for persons aged 65 or older--particularly for those in the the middle and upper income quintiles. By 1990, pension income was reported by 44 percent of all elderly units--57 percent of the couples and 34 percent of unmarried persons. This article discusses the role of pensions in the income of the elderly; private pension coverage, vesting, and types of plans among active workers; how the shift toward defined contribution plans poses new problems in assessing the role of private pensions in providing retirement income security; and expected pension receipt rates for the future elderly. Pension receipt among the elderly is expected to continue to grow over the next 20-30 years because of past growth in coverage and vesting. Microsimulation models are a relatively new tool for forecasting the future distribution of pension income. The models offer a framework for considering the research questions that, if answered, would help improve our understanding of the impact of the pension system on future income security.

Adult↗