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PubMed2025

Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy Uncovers Root Zone- and Bacteria-Specific Interactions.

Understanding root-bacteria interactions with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is key to developing effective biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. We performed single-cell force spectroscopy using the atomic force microscope (AFM) to study the primary attachment of two PGPR, Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas defensor, to different regions of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Force measurements with individual cells uncovered distinct attachment strategies by each strain, involving binding via micrometer-long polymers from both bacteria and root surfaces. Flagella differentially affected the binding interactions of each PGPR; their removal altered binding characteristics differently for each strain, highlighting the importance of flagella in early root colonization. Using silica beads to mimic the negatively charged bacteria, we demonstrated the influence of electrostatic forces on root-bacteria interactions. We also examined interactions with abiotic surfaces of varying surface energies, revealing the roles of hydrophilic and hydrophobic forces in initial binding. Our measurements show that differences in the physicochemical properties of bacteria and roots are responsible for variations in primary attachment strategies between PGPR strains and root regions. Parallel fluorescence measurements corroborated our AFM single-cell analysis. Overall, our results provide a nanoscale view of bacterial attachment to roots, offering key insights into how beneficial bacteria colonize roots, crucial for enhancing biofertilizer effectiveness.

Plant Roots↗
PubMed1975

The effects of prostaglandin F2alpha on the fine structure of the corpus luteum of the hysterectomized guina pig.

Luteal cell fine structure was studied in hysterectomized control and hysterectomized, prostaglandin-treated (1-5 days) guinea pigs. In hysterectomized control animals, luteal cells were hypertrophied and were characterized by an abundance of agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER) suggesting steroidogenic activity. With one day of prostaglandin treatment, little change in the cytological appearance had occurred. After two, or three days of treatment, cells showed a decrease in size and an apparent increase in the number of lipid droplets. Following four days of prostaglandin treatment, luteal tissue was characterized by the presence of large amounts of collagen in the intercellular spaces and by the invasion of fibroblasts. Areas of degenerating luteal cells with numerous myelin figures and lipid droplets were observed. After five days of prostaglandin treatment, most of the luteal cells had undergone extensive luteolytic changes. Typically they contained coalescing lipid droplets, myelin figures and crystalloids, and were surrounded by collagen fibers. These observation suggest that prostaglandin F2alpha does effect structural luteolysis in this species in the absence of uterine tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of the parotid gland of the nine-banded armadillo.

The parotid gland of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) was examined by electron microscopy. In general, the ultrastructural morphology of this gland appears similar to that described in other species. The most unusual feature of the gland is that the secretory granules of the acinar cells contain a wide variety of substructures. These substructures range from a single dense core within a homogeneous matrix to a more complex cord-like network extending throughout the granule. It is suggested that this diversity of substructures is indicative of a maturation process of the secretory granules. The intercalated ducts are secretory. The myoepithelial cells are numerous, extend throughout the gland, and are associated with the striated ducts.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cloning of a complementary DNA for rabbit proactivator. A metalloproteinase that activates synovial cell collagenase, shares homology with stromelysin and transin, and is coordinately regulated with collagenase.

Rabbit proactivator is a neutral metalloproteinase that activates another metalloproteinase, procollagenase, and degrades noncollagenous matrix. We describe the construction of an activator complementary DNA (cDNA) clone, which is 1.9 kb, that selects a 2.1-kb messenger RNA (mRNA) in Northern blot hybridizations. Nucleic acid sequence studies of the activator cDNA indicate 1) that it encodes protein Mr 53,881, 2) that this protein exhibits approximately 80% homology with rat transin, an oncogene-induced protein with a previously unknown function, and 3) that, in the first 172 residues, it is virtually identical to the rabbit metalloproteinase, stromelysin. Homology between rabbit activator and human skin collagenase is approximately 50%. Activator and collagenase mRNA are coordinately regulated; untreated cultures of rabbit synovial fibroblasts produce low levels of each protein, but addition of phorbol myristate acetate (10(-8)M) results in an increase in mRNA for both proteins by 2.5-5 hours. Adding all-trans-retinoic acid (10(-6)M) or dexamethasone (10(-7)M) to phorbol-stimulated cells coordinately suppresses both activator and collagenase mRNA. Our data suggest the existence of coordinately regulated metalloproteinases that are important in the modulation of connective tissue metabolism.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Model prediction of treatment planning for dose-fractionated radioimmunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) often use dose fractionation to reduce marrow toxicity. The dosing scheme can be optimized if marrow and tumor cell kinetics following radiation exposure are known. METHODS: A mathematic model of tumor clonogenic cell kinetics was combined with a previously reported marrow cell kinetics model that included marrow stromal cells, progenitor cells, megakaryocytes, and platelets. Reported values for murine tumor and marrow cellular turnover rates and radiosensitivity were used in the model calculation. RESULTS: Given a tolerated level of thrombocytopenia, there is a fractionation scheme in which total radioactive dose administration can be maximized. Isoeffect doses that had different numbers of fractions and total radioactivity, but induced identical platelet nadirs of 20%, were determined. Assuming identical tumor uptake for all dose fractions, six tumor types were examined: early-responding tumors, late-responding tumors, and tumors that lacked a late-responding effect, with either constant or accelerated doubling time. For most tumor types, better tumor control (tumor growth delay and nadir of survival fraction) was predicted for a dosing scheme in which total radioactive dose was maximized. For late-responding tumors with accelerated doubling time, tumor growth delay increased, but the nadir of survival fraction became shallower as the number of fractions increased. CONCLUSIONS: A mathematic model has been developed that allows prediction of the nadir and duration of thrombocytopenia as well as tumor clonogenic cell response to various RIT doses and fractionation schemes. Given a maximum tolerated level of thrombocytopenia, the model can be used to determine a dosing scheme for optimal tumor response.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed2002

Rationales, evidence, and design considerations for fractionated radioimmunotherapy.

Although fractionation can be used in a discrete radiobiologic sense, herein it is generally used in the broader context of administration of multiple, rather than single, doses of radionuclide for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) or other targeted radionuclide therapies. Fractionation is a strategy for overcoming heterogeneity of monoclonal antibody (MAb) distribution in the tumor and the consequent nonuniformity of tumor radiation doses. Additional advantages of fractionated RIT are the ability to 1) provide patient-specific radionuclide and radiation dosing, 2) control toxicity by titration of the individual patient, 3) reduce toxicity, 4) increase the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for many patients, 5) increase tumor radiation dose and efficacy, and 6) prolong tumor response by permitting treatment over time. However, fractionated RIT has logistic and economic implications. Preclinical and clinical data substantiate the advantages of fractionated RIT, although the radiobiology for conventional external beam radiotherapy does not provide a straightforward rationale for RIT unless fractionation leads to more uniform distribution of radiation dose throughout the tumor. Preclinical data have shown that toxicity and mortality can be reduced while efficacy is increased, thereby providing inferential evidence of greater uniformity of radiation dose. Direct evidence of superior dosimetry and tumor activity distribution has also been found. Clinical data have shown that toxicity can be better controlled and reduced and the MTD extended for many patients. It is clear that fractionated RIT can only fulfill its potential if the effects of critical issues, such as the number and amount of radionuclide doses, the radionuclide physical and effective half-life, and the dose interval, are better characterized.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Outcome of suprarenal localized masses diagnosed during the perinatal period: a retrospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: The growing use of abdominal ultrasonography during pregnancy and in the postnatal period is leading to the discovery of an increasing number of suprarenal masses. The optimal diagnosis and treatment of these masses has not yet been determined. METHODS: The authors reviewed the files of patients with suprarenal masses detected prenatally or during the first 3 months of life, between 1986 and 1999, in the pediatric surgery and oncology departments of Paris hospitals. RESULTS: Thirty masses were detected prenatally and 23 postnatally. In the latter group of patients, the diagnosis was based on ultrasound in 8 cases and on the palpation of a mass in 15 cases, 13 of which were neuroblastoma. At birth, the masses were cystic in 19 cases, solid in 17, and mixed in 13. Sensitivities of methyliodobenzylguanidine and urinary catecholamine assay were 70% and 52% respectively. Surgery was performed in 38 cases with a median age of 42 days. Histologic analysis showed 31 neuroblastomas, 1 adrenal hemorrhage, 2 necrotic masses, 1 bronchogenic cyst, and 3 sequestrations. All the patients were alive and disease free, at a follow-up ranging from 3 months to 13 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, 58% of the suprarenal masses diagnosed perinatally were localized neuroblastoma with a favorable outcome. All other cases either regressed spontaneously or turned out to be benign lesion. Thus, the management of these masses must strike a compromise between aggressive treatment and a wait-and-see attitude. This requires appropriate initial assessment and a close follow-up in a specialized center.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Sequelae of axillary lymph node dissection in older women with stage 1 and 2 breast carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: There are few data on the long-term sequelae of axillary dissection among older breast carcinoma patients. We describe the impact of axillary dissection in a cohort of older women. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort of 571 patients with Stage 1 and 2 breast carcinoma, 67 years and older, diagnosed between 1995 and 1997 from 29 hospitals in five regions, and followed for 2 years. Data were collected from patients and medical charts. The primary outcome was posttreatment quality of life. Generalized estimation equation longitudinal modeling was used to evaluate the outcome, controlling for baseline function, comorbidity, age, clinical status, and other factors. RESULTS: Sixty percent of women reported arm problems at some time in the 2 years after surgery. The cumulative risk of having arm problems 2 years posttreatment was three times higher (95% confidence interval 1.94-4.67) for women who underwent axillary surgery compared with women without axillary surgery, controlling for covariates. The effects of having axillary dissection and arthritis were multiplicative 2 years postsurgery. Arm problems were, in turn, the primary determinate of lower physical and mental functioning (P = 0.0001 and 0.04, respectively), controlling for other factors. Undergoing axillary dissection did not lessen fears about recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Arm problems after axillary dissection have a consistent negative impact on quality of life, suggesting that the risks may outweigh the potential benefits in this population.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Sentinel lymph node analysis in patients with sweat gland carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy (SLNB) has become a standard staging procedure for patients with cutaneous neoplasms of known metastatic potential. In the current study, the authors explored the use of SLNB in patients with primary sweat gland carcinomas (SGCs). METHODS: Six patients with SGC underwent SLNB. The tumors and lymph nodes were examined using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections and by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins. RESULTS: Metastases were detected in the SLNs of four of the six patients with SGC. One patient with a primary tumor of the neck was found to have bilateral positive SLNs. Tumor deposits were detected by H&E stained sections alone in all but two SLNs, in which the metastatic cells were recognized only with the aid of immunohistochemical stains. Positive non-SLNs were found in two patients after complete regional lymph node dissection was performed. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of positive SLNs in this small series suggests that SLNB is a useful staging tool for patients with SGC. As in SLNBs of other tumors, immunohistochemistry appears to facilitate the recognition of small microscopic metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

High-dose chemotherapy followed by locoregional irradiation improves the outcome of patients with international neuroblastoma staging system Stage II and III neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine whether systemic and regional, intensified treatment can improve the outcome of children who present with a localized neuroblastoma (NB) with MYCN amplification (MNA). METHODS: Between 1990 and 2000, 610 children with localized NB were included in the Localized Neuroblastoma 90 (NBL 90) and NBL 94 study from the French Society of Pediatric Oncology. Among them, 32 children had MNA with Stage II or III NB. During the first period of the study, 20 children (Group A) received postoperative conventional chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy (RT), depending on each patient's postoperative status. Subsequently, because of a high recurrence rate, the next 12 children (Group B) were given postoperative high-dose CT (HDC) (busulfan and melphalan) with stem cell rescue (SCR) followed by RT in addition to conventional postoperative CT. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable with regard to prognostic factors (age, location of the primary lesion, International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage, lymph node invasion) and response to preoperative CT. The 6-year overall survival rate was significantly different between the two groups 25% +/- 10% in Group A vs. 83% +/- 11% in Group B; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative intensification treatment with HDC, SCR, and locoregional RT resulted in higher survival rates when compared with standard treatment alone and should be considered in the treatment plan for children who are diagnosed with Stage II or III NB and MYCN amplification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

New York AANCART: using participatory research to address the health needs of South Asian and Korean Americans in New York City.

Since its inception in April 2000, the New York Asian American Network for Cancer Awareness, Research, and Training (NY AANCART) has conducted cancer control education, research, and infrastructure-building activities in collaboration with the agenda of the national AANCART project, one of the Special Population Networks funded by the National Cancer Institute. In New York, the AANCART program was developed based on the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR), a research approach that is centered on community strengths and issues and that engages the community in the research process. NY AANCART has been dedicated to developing leadership within and collaboration with community-based organizations (CBOs) to address the needs of medically underserved New York Asian-American populations. In particular, NY AANCART has worked with CBOs to develop and implement a diverse public health agenda that addresses the concerns of the communities that are served by these organizations. Using case studies from two community-based partnerships that were developed by NY AANCART, the current report describes how the principles of CBPR were applied in two rapidly growing Asian-American communities in New York City.

Asian↗
PubMed2006

Asian American Network for Cancer Awareness, Research, and Training's legacy. The first 5 years.

The Asian American Network for Cancer Awareness, Research, and Training (AANCART) is the first special populations network for Asian Americans on a national basis and includes collaborating organizations from Boston, New York, Houston, Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Hawaii, and Sacramento (where it is headquartered at the University of California, Davis). NCI funding of AANCART in 2000 brought together investigators and leaders from 9 cities across 6 states to establish an infrastructure for addressing cancer awareness, research, and training. Since 2000, AANCART has conducted needs assessments, held community awareness activities and trainings, trained trainees, sponsored National Asian American Cancer Control Academies, and produced presentations, publications, and grants. All specific aims have been attained, including the establishment of an infrastructure to promote Asian American cancer awareness, research, and training in 4 targeted regions; the establishment of partnerships to promote accrual to clinical trials, training, and pilot studies; and the formulation and successful implementation of grant-funded research to reduce the cancer burden among Asian Americans. AANCART's first 5 years have increased cancer awareness, trained special populations scientists, and advanced the field of Asian American cancer control research. Cancer 2006. (c) 2006 American Cancer Society.

Asian↗
PubMed2003

Candidate testis-determining gene, Maestro (Mro), encodes a novel HEAT repeat protein.

Mammalian sex determination depends on the presence or absence of SRY transcripts in the embryonic gonad. Expression of SRY initiates a pathway of gene expression resulting in testis development. Here, we describe a novel gene potentially functioning in this pathway using a cDNA microarray screen for genes exhibiting sexually dimorphic expression during murine gonad development. Maestro (Mro) transcripts are first detected in the developing male gonad before overt testis differentiation. By 12.5 days postcoitus (dpc), Mro transcription is restricted to the developing testis cords and its expression is not germ cell-dependent. No expression is observed in female gonads between 10.5 and 14.5 dpc. Maestro encodes a protein containing HEAT-like repeats that localizes to the nucleolus in cell transfection assays. Maestro maps to a region of mouse chromosome 18 containing a genetic modifier of XX sex reversal. We discuss the possible function of Maestro in light of these data.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

fused-somites-like mutants exhibit defects in trunk vessel patterning.

We identified four mutants in two distinct loci exhibiting similar trunk vascular patterning defects in an F3 genetic screen for zebrafish vascular mutants. Initial vasculogenesis is not affected in these mutants, with proper specification and differentiation of endothelial cells. However, all four display severe defects in the growth and patterning of angiogenic vessels in the trunk, with ectopic branching and disoriented migration of intersegmental vessels. The four mutants are allelic to previously characterized mutants at the fused-somites (fss) and beamter (bea) loci, and they exhibit comparable defects in trunk somite boundary formation. The fss locus has been shown to correspond to tbx24; we show here that bea mutants are defective in the zebrafish dlC gene. Somitic expression of known vascular guidance factors efnb2a, sema3a1, and sema3a2 is aberrantly patterned in fss and bea mutants, suggesting that the vascular phenotype is due to loss of proper guidance cues provided by these factors.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Anti-OX40 stimulation in vivo enhances CD8+ memory T cell survival and significantly increases recall responses.

There is growing evidence that engagement of OX40 (CD134), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, can directly stimulate antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. It has been shown that CD8+ T cells express OX40 following activation, but the response of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to OX40 stimulation has not been fully characterized. We utilized an antigen-specific transgenic CD8+ T cell model (OT-I) to determine if OX40 engagement can boost the generation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell memory. Our results demonstrate that enhanced OX40 costimulation, via an agonist anti-OX40 antibody, increases CD25 and phospho-Akt expression on the antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and significantly increases the generation of long-lived antigen-specific CD8+ memory T cells. The increased numbers of memory CD8+ T cells generated via anti-OX40 treatment still required the presence of CD4+ T cells for their long-term maintenance in vivo. In addition, anti-OX40 costimulation greatly enhanced antigen-specific CD8+ T cell recall responses. These data show that OX40 engagement in vivo increases the number of antigen-specific CD8+ memory T cells surviving after antigen challenge and has implications for the development of more potent vaccines against pathogens and cancer.

Adoptive Transfer↗