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PubMed1995

May Helicobacter pylori be important for dermatologists?

Helicobacter pylori, a microaerophilic gram-negative bacterium, is the major cause of gastritis, plays a key role in the etiology of peptic ulcer and is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Although 50% of the population is affected, dermatologist seem to be unaware of the impact H. pylori may have on cutaneous pathology. Among skin diseases, H. pylori has been related so far only with chronic urticaria and rosacea. In rosacea, histology of the stomach mucosa revealed tht 84% of 31 patients were H. pylori positive. Twenty percent of them were serologically negative, but, overall, 100% of the 20 patients with both histology and serology were H. pylori positive with either test. The consistency between clinical success with metronidazole and abatement of H. pylori isolates and serology after treatment was an additional evidence suggesting an etiologic relationship between rosacea and H. pylori infection. Rosacea has often been linked with gastrointestinal disturbances. H. pylori, therefore, may link them to the well-known beneficial activity of metronidazole on rosacea lesions. The role of H. pylori is more probable in erythrotic rosacea than in its papulopustular and granulomatous stages. As in Bacillus subtilis intoxication, a flush-inducing toxin cannot be excluded. Despite the difficulty to find patients accepting bioptic gastroscopies, large case-control studies should be done before a causal relationship with urticaria and rosacea is firmly established.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed2000

Lipid transfer protein: a pan-allergen in plant-derived foods that is highly resistant to pepsin digestion.

BACKGROUND: Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are small molecules of approximately 10 kD that demonstrate high stability. They have recently been identified as allergens in the Rosaceae subfamilies of the Prunoideae (peach, apricot, plum) and of the Pomoideae (apple). They belong to a family of structurally highly conserved proteins that are also present in non-Rosaceae vegetable foods. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-reactivity to non-Rosaceae LTPs, and to study the role of protein stability in allergenicity. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with a positive SPT to Rosaceae fruit extracts enriched for LTP were characterized by interview and SPT. To investigate IgE cross-reactivity between Rosaceae and non-Rosaceae LTPs, RAST and RAST inhibition as well as ELISA and ELISA inhibition were performed, using whole food extracts and purified LTPs. Both purified natural LTPs (peach, carrot and broccoli) and Pichia pastoris recombinant LTPs (carrot and wheat) were included. Pepsin digestion was used to address the role of stability in the allergenicity of LTPs. RESULTS: IgE antibodies to Rosaceae LTPs reacted to a broad range of vegetable foods, including Gramineae (cereals), Leguminosae (peanut), Juglandaceae (walnut), Anacardiaceae (pistachio), Brassicaceae (broccoli), Umbelliferae (carrot, celery), Solanaceae (tomato), Cucurbitaceae (melon), and Actinidiaceae (kiwi). Binding and inhibition studies with purified natural and recombinant LTPs confirmed their role in this cross-reactivity. Many of these cross-reactivities were accompanied by clinical food allergy, frequently including systemic reactions. Antibody binding to LTP was shown to be resistant to pepsin treatment of whole extract or purified LTP. CONCLUSION: LTP is a pan-allergen with a degree of cross-reactivity comparable to profilin. Due to its extreme resistance to pepsin digestion, LTP is a potentially severe food allergen.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipid transfer protein: a pan-allergen in plant-derived foods that is highly resistant to pepsin digestion.

BACKGROUND: Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are stable and highly conserved proteins of around 10 kD. They have recently been identified as allergens in fruits of the Rosaceae family. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the highly conserved structure of LTPs justifies a designation as a true pan-allergen, and to study the role of protein stability in allergenicity. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with a positive skin prick test to Rosaceae fruit extracts were characterized by interviews and skin prick tests. To investigate IgE cross-reactivity between Rosaceae and non-Rosaceae LTPs, RAST and RAST inhibition as well as ELISA and ELISA inhibition were performed, using whole food extracts and purified natural and recombinant LTPs. To address the role of protein stability in the allergenicity of LTP, fruit extracts and LTPs were digested with pepsin. RESULTS: IgE antibodies to Rosaceae LTPs cross-reacted with a broad range of non-Rosaceae vegetable foods. Inhibition studies with purified natural and recombinant LTPs confirmed the role of LTP in this cross-reactivity. Many of the patients with this type of cross-reactive IgE antibodies had a clinical food allergy. In contrast to the typical birch Rosaceae cross-reactive patients, the oral allergy syndrome was frequently accompanied by more severe and systemic reactions. IgE reactivity to LTP was shown to be resistant to pepsin treatment of the allergen. CONCLUSION: LTP is a true pan-allergen with a degree of cross-reactivity comparable to profilin. Due to its extreme resistance to pepsin digestion, LTP is a potentially severe food allergen.

Allergens↗
PubMed2001

Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries.

Anthocyanins from tart cherries, Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae) cv. Balaton and Montmorency; sweet cherries, Prunus avium L. (Rosaceae); bilberries, Vaccinum myrtillus L. (Ericaceae); blackberries, Rubus sp. (Rosaceae); blueberries var. Jersey, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae); cranberries var. Early Black, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. (Ericaceae); elderberries, Sambucus canadensis (Caprifoliaceae); raspberries, Rubus idaeus (Rosaceae); and strawberries var. Honeoye, Fragaria x ananassa Duch. (Rosaceae), were investigated for cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The presence and levels of cyanidin-3-glucosylrutinoside 1 and cyanidin-3-rutinoside 2 were determined in the fruits using HPLC. The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from cherries was comparable to the commercial antioxidants, tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole, and superior to vitamin E, at a test concentration of 125 microg/ml. Anthocyanins from raspberries and sweet cherries demonstrated 45% and 47% cyclooxygenase-I and cyclooxygenase-II inhibitory activities, respectively, when assayed at 125 microg/ml. The cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities of anthocyanins from these fruits were comparable to those of ibuprofen and naproxen at 10 microM concentrations. Anthocyanins 1 and 2 are present in both cherries and raspberry. The yields of pure anthocyanins 1 and 2 in 100 g Balaton and Montmorency tart cherries, sweet cherries and raspberries were 21, 16.5; 11, 5; 4.95, 21; and 4.65, 13.5 mg, respectively. Fresh blackberries and strawberries contained only anthocyanin 2 in yields of 24 and 22.5 mg/100 g, respectively. Anthocyanins 1 and 2 were not found in bilberries, blueberries, cranberries or elderberries.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed1989

Facial skin complaints and work at visual display units. Epidemiological, clinical and histopathological studies.

Only in Sweden is skin disease reputedly caused by working at visual display units (VDUs) a considerable problem. In the present work facial skin complaints in VDU-exposed persons have been studied by means of epidemiological, clinical and histopathological methods. The results can be summarized as follows. Half the patients referred for dermatological examination because of facial skin complaints they attributed to working at VDUs had rosacea. Most of them claimed that they had pronounced symptoms, but their skin lesions were mild. When they were followed up most of the patients reported improvement without pharmacological therapy in spite of continued VDU work. Individuals exposed to VDUs had significantly more self-reported skin complaints than a nonexposed control population of office employees, but no more visible signs. Skin tumours with malignant potential and unilateral facial skin signs were found in the same frequencies in both categories. Rosacea was the most common facial skin condition (10%) in the 809 randomly selected office employees (mean age 43 years) examined, and this condition as well as the occurrence of telangiectases (found in 57% of the examined population) was no more common among the exposed persons. The answers in the self-administered questionnaires (n = 3745), used when studying the office employees, corresponded poorly to skin status (only 46% correlated), but were reasonably accurate as regards the occurrence of more clear-cut symptoms, such as in atopic or seborrhoeic dermatitis. Patients with skin complaints they said were associated with VDUs had no characteristic histological changes in facial skin. Histological changes of varying degree were also common among the control subjects without skin complaints or exposure to VDUs. This is particularly true of the degree of degenerative change in elastic fibers, which increased with age. Rosacea was more common in women, and there was a strong association between rosacea and migraine, as well as between migraine and patients with symptoms thought to be related to work at VDUs. In contrast to previous assumptions, most subjects with rosacea in this study experienced no impairment due to exposure to sunlight. This work shows that people exposed to VDUs had subjective skin symptoms more often than a nonexposed control population. The design of the study does not permit an analysis of the cause of this phenomenon. The occurrence of skin signs in persons exposed to VDUs is, however, fortuitous from an epidemiological viewpoint.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Crystal structure of peach Pru p 3, the prototypic member of the family of plant non-specific lipid transfer protein pan-allergens.

This study describes the three-dimensional crystal structure of a non-specific lipid transport protein (ns-LTP) from Rosaceae. Whilst ns-LTPs from species other than Rosaceae, such as nuts, cereals, grape, oranges and vegetables are also responsible for plant food allergies, this is less frequent compared with ns-LTPs from Rosaceae in the Mediterranean area. In this heterologously expressed peach Pru p3, a ligand is present inside the central cavity of the protein, presumably a fatty acid that was present or produced in the culture medium of the expression organism Escherichia coli. Moreover, the two molecules of ns-LTP present in the asymmetric unit bind this ligand in a different way, suggesting a significant degree of plasticity for the peach ns-LTP binding cavity, despite the presence of four disulphide bridges. Two molecules are present in the asymmetric unit: molecule A is a fully liganded protein, while molecule B apparently represents a partially liganded state. Also, molecular dynamics simulation, along with other evidence, suggests that these two molecular conformations represent different states in solution. Comparison of the 3D models of different ns-LTPs justifies the evidence of a high degree of conservation of the putative IgE binding epitopes among proteins of the Rosaceae family and the presence of significant amino acid replacements in correspondence of the same regions in ns-LTPs of botanical species unrelated to Rosaceae.

Allergens↗
PubMed2002

Immunological cross-reactivity between lipid transfer proteins from botanically unrelated plant-derived foods: a clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) are highly conserved and widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Recent studies demonstrated immunological cross-reactivity between LTP from many botanically unrelated fruits and vegetables and concluded that LTP are pan-allergens. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of such cross-reactivity in a group of subjects monosensitized to LTP. METHODS: Twenty LTP-hypersensitive patients were selected from a population of about 600 subjects with history of Rosaceae allergy by means of: 1) negative skin prick test (SPT) with a commercial birch pollen extract; 2) positive SPT with a commercial plum extract, rich in LTP but virtually lacking both Bet v 1-like proteins and profilin; 3) in-vitro IgE reactivity to the 9-10 kDa fraction of peach peel or immunoblot with peach peel showing a single band at 10 kDa; and 4) total inhibition of reactivity to whole peach extract (containing Bet v 1-related allergen, profilin, and LTP) by purified peach LTP on enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Allergy to foods other than Rosaceae was ascertained by careful interview and analysis of medical recordings. SPT with a large series of plant-derived foods were carried out as well. The cross reactivity between LTPs from botanically unrelated plant-derived foods was assessed by ELISA inhibition tests using walnut and peanut extracts as substrate, and peach LTP as inhibitor. RESULTS: All patients reported allergic reactions after the ingestion of at least one from a large number of vegetable foods other than Rosaceae, and in several cases clinical reactions were very severe (anaphylaxis, asthma, urticaria/angioedema). Nuts and peanuts were the most frequently reported causes of allergic reactions (80% and 40% of patients, respectively). All patients showed positive SPT to several non-Rosaceae food extracts. SPT with nuts, peanut, legumes, celery, rice, and corn were positive in the majority of patients. In ELISA inhibition studies, absorption of sera with peach LTP caused complete inhibition of IgE reactivity to walnut and peanut in all cases. CONCLUSION: LTP is a clinically relevant pan-allergen. Most Rosaceae-allergic, LTP-hypersensitive patients experience adverse reactions after ingestion of botanically unrelated plant-derived foods as well. In view of the high prevalence and severity of the allergic reactions induced, hazelnut, walnut, and peanut should be regarded as potentially hazardous for these patients.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

[Positive side-effects of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs in therapy (author's transl)].

Since about 1950 especially, dermatologists world-wide have been utilizing the positive side-effects, discovered by chance, of all groups of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs. These drugs are used to treat certain non-microbially induced dermatoses, without any knowledge of the mechanisms involved. A short history is given and the most important drugs and the indications for their use are described. The following drugs are undoubtedly effective and sometimes even the therapy of choice: tetracyclines in acne vulgaris and rosacea (including rosacea keratitis); penicillin G in acrodermatitis atrophicans and cold urticaria; dapsone in dermatitis herpetiformis and - as a powerful adjuvant - in acne vulgaris and rosacea. Before the discovery of the socalled immunodepressive drugs, tetracycline was the only alternative to - or at least a highly effective adjuvant of - cortisone in dermatomyositis and chloroquine in localised and systemic lupus erythematosus. Finally, clioquinole was life-saving in acrodermatitis continua in children until this condition was recently identified as a zinc-deficiency syndrome. Therapeutical mechanisms have been found only in the case of acne, rosacea and dermatitis herpetiformis. In most other diseases the nature of the therapeutical effectiveness of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs still remains a mystery.

Acne Vulgaris↗