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PubMed1999

The Frail Elderly Functional Assessment questionnaire: its responsiveness and validity in alternative settings.

OBJECTIVE: To test the Frail Elderly Functional Assessment (FEFA) questionnaire for responsiveness (sensitivity to change) to low-level functional tasks in a frail elderly cohort and to evaluate its validity over the telephone or when administered to a caregiver proxy. SUBJECTS: Fifty-eight elderly patients from three urban inpatient rehabilitation settings and an outpatient geriatrics center. METHODS: A prospective, clinical, comparative trial. The FEFA questionnaire was administered serially. For validity, subjects were observed performing the tasks on the questionnaire within 24 hours of each interview. For responsiveness, repeat measures were performed within a 1- to 2-week period. Validity and sensitivity to change (responsiveness) of the questionnaire were determined by correlating patient responses to direct observations by rehabilitation staff. Responsiveness was also determined based on the Guyatt technique that divides clinically significant change by the normal variance, sigma/(2x [mean squared error])1/2, as well as by measures of effect size, standardized response means, and relative efficiency tests for responsiveness. To evaluate FEFA validity in alternative settings, kappa statistic and regression analyses were used based on the previously validated interviewer-administered format. RESULTS: Responsiveness was excellent with effect size (.35), standardized response means (.48), and relative efficiency (2.67) tests as well as Guyatt (1.26). There was 83% agreement when compared with FEFA task performance. Regression between change in FEFA score versus performance testing was significant (r2 = .33; p = .01). ANOVA was significant at a p = .03 for FEFA scores at first measure in rehabilitation compared to second. Correlation for caregiver proxy administration was .92 (p< or =.0001) and for telephone administration was .99 (p<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The FEFA questionnaire, previously demonstrated to be reliable and valid, is sensitive to functional change (responsive) in frail elderly people. It is also valid when administered by phone or to a caregiver proxy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Weekly assessment of worry: an adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for monitoring changes during treatment.

Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495.] for weekly assessment of worry was evaluated in a brief treatment study. Cognitive restructuring techniques were taught to 28 nonclinical high-worriers, 14 of whom served as a control group in a lagged waiting-list design. Results showed that the Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Past Week (PSWQ-PW) was highly reliable and substantially valid in the assessment of both (a) weekly status of worry and (b) treatment-related changes in worry: average Cronbach's alpha was 0.91; average convergent correlation with a past-week adaptation of the Worry Domains Questionnaire [Tallis, F., Eysenck, M. W. and Mathews, A. (1992). A questionnaire for the measurement of nonpathological worry. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 161-168.] was 0.63 and pre-post improvement on PSWQ-PW showed a 0.71 correlation with the Questionnaire of Changes in Experiencing and Behavior [Zielke, M. and Kopf-Mehnert, C. (1978). Veränderungsfragebogen des Erlebens und Verhaltens. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz Test Gesellschaft.]. It is concluded that the PSWQ-PW is a useful instrument for monitoring pathological worry in experimental and applied settings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Validation of the French version of the Body Shape Questionnaire].

UNLABELLED: In today's societies, pressures from the idea of thinness are omnipresent and lead to a corporal dissatisfaction with an excessive preoccupation of the body's image. It seems important to have, in France, a device that can evaluate the corporal dissatisfaction degree, for the reason that the troubles of the body's image is a common diagnostical category to the anorexia and bulimia (DSM IV, 1994). Cooper et al. (1987) have developed one-dimensional questionnaire of 34 items in order to measure the worries towards the weight and the shape of the body, called the "Body Shape Questionnaire" (BSQ). Its concurrent validity has been shown with the using of the corporal dissatisfaction under-scale of the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI; Garner et Olmsted, 1984) and the using of the diagnostical questionnaire: Eating Attitude Test (EAT; Garner et Garfinkel, 1979). The BSQ gives us a way to explore the role of extreme worries towards the body's apparence in the development, the keeping and the treatment of eating disorders. From this point the BSQ is a tool widely used on an international level in researches on the eating disorders. It has been validited in Spain and in Germany whereas it has not been yet subject to a validation in France. For this reason, we proposed to use the BSQ on the french population. METHODOLOGY: The sample is made of 242 university girl students. The average age is 20.7 years old with an standard deviation of 2.26. The size and the weight helped us to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) which is in fact the weight divided by the size squared. The average BMI is 21.06 kg/m2 +/- 2.87. Regarding the evaluating devices, the BSQ is presented as a scale of 34 items marked by 6 different points: 1 never, 2 barely, 3 sometimes, 4 often, 5 very often, 6 always. After getting the authorization form the authors to respect during these kinds of procedures, we have started validation. The corporal dissatisfaction under-scale of Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI, Garner et al., 1991) is made of 9 items and has a scale of 6 points going from "never" to "always". In order to evaluate the accuracy of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) in France, we made a test/retest. The concurrent validity of the BSQ has been evaluated by the EDI. The 242 subjects have been asked to fill in both questionnaires during the test and the re-test (4 weeks after the test). We have evaluated the accuracy of the BSQ with the calculation of the constancy test/retest (Pearson's r) and the measure of the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Then, we tested the validity regarding an external criteria. The validation procedure is based here on an examination of the correlations between the tests results (BSQ) and another measure taken as criteria (EDI). The solutions proposed by the factorial exploratory analysis have been tested by confirmatory analysis using the 2 index of adjustment: the GFI ("Goodness of Fit Index") and the CFI (Comparative Index of Bentler) which, greater than 0.85, shows a satisfying adjustment and the RMC (redidue) which has to be less than 0.10 for a satisfying adjustment. Finally, inferential statistical analysis have studied the relations between the weight's category and the total result at the BSQ and the results of the factors sprung from factorial analysis. RESULTS: Correlations between the items of test/re-test BSQ are greater than 0.93. The alpha coefficient is high for the test (0.95) and also for the re-test (0.94). This shows a very good internal consistency between the 34 items of the BSQ. Concerning the EDI, the correlation between the test/re-test are greater than 0.98. The alpha coefficient of Cronbach is high: 0.85 for the test and 0.84 for the re-test. The Pearson's r of the BSQ/EDI test and the BSQ/EDI re-test greater than 0.7 point out the concomitant validity of the BSQ with the EDI. We made a factorial analysis of the BSQ (test) on the 242 subjects. We used the extraction of the main components method with the extraction's rule of the curve for the real values. The transformation method used here is the normalised Varimax. The factorial analysis shows four factors with their own value greater or equal to 1 (15.1; 1.77; 1.48; 1.08). This solution concerning these four factors explains 55.2% of the total variance. The oblical rotations analysis of the four factors seems to point out a high correlation between these latters (from 0.54 to 0.77), this suggests a hierarchical pattern with a single factor which is confirmed with an Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. Then, we chose to gather around each selected factors the items presenting a substantial saturation, greater than or equal to 0.5 and which are saturated by only one factor. The first factor obtained by the factorial analysis of the BSQ has been called "social avoidance and shame of the exposure of the body". The internal coherence of this factor is satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87). The second factor obtained has been called "body dissatisfaction compared to the lower parts ot the body (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90). The third factor has been called "using laxatives and vomiting in order to reduce body dissatisfaction" The fourth factor has been called "unsuited cognitions and behaviours in order to control the weight (Cronbach's alpha = 0.76). The solution with 1 and 4 factors has been tested by a confirmatory analysis. The adjustment parameters of the unifactorial pattern were not satisfactory (GFI = 0.76, CFI = 0.83, RMC = 0.5). The 4 factors pattern adjusted better to the data (GFI = 0.86, CFI = 0.90, RMC = 0.5). In order to determinate the differences between the weight/score categories to the BSQ) score in comparison to the 4 factors (coming from the factorial analysis), several Anova have been released as well as post-hoc tests (test of Sheffé). There is a significant effect of the weight category on the corporal dissatisfaction (BSQ result), F (2.230) = 11.34; p < 0.0001. Scheffe's test placed in a prominent position the fact that the subjects having an overweight (99.85 +/- 31.34) have a corporal dissatisfaction significantly greater than the subjects having a normal weight (74.08 +/- 27.94) and presenting a thinness (63.19 +/- 23.61). We pointed out a significant effect of the weight category on factor one "social avoidance and shame of the exposure of the body" [F (2.232) = 20.18; p < 0.001], on factor 2 "body dissatisfaction compared to the lower parts of the body" [F (2.232) = 6.38; p < 0.005] and factor 4 "reduce body dissatisfaction and unsuited cognitions and behaviours in order to control the weight" [F (2.232) = 5.67; p < 0.005]. However, there is no effect in the weight category for factor 3 "using laxatives and cominting in order to reduce the corporal dissatisfaction" [F (2.232) = 5.67; p > 0.05]. Sheffe's test highlighted the fact that the subjects having overweight have a result more important than the ones having a normal weight and presenting a thinness for factor 1.2 and 4. DISCUSSION: The BSQ "French version" seems in fact to present the same metrical qualities than its original Anglo-Saxon and Spanish versions. The concluding results invite us to continue our study of the BSQ including in our patients, the bulimic subjects and the ones who are worried about corporal aspect. Its implications on the clinical field could be really interesting especially on people suffering from the eating disorders. Then, the BSQ could provide us a way to explore the role of an extreme worry of the body's appearance in the development, the maintenance and the treatment of the eating disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Accuracy of endoscopic databases for assessing patient symptoms: comparison with self-reported questionnaires in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic databases are increasingly used for clinical research, but their validity as research instruments has not been assessed. We compared the accuracy of endoscopic indications recorded in an endoscopic database with patient symptom questionnaires. METHODS: All patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus referred to the outpatient gastroenterology practice were prospectively evaluated using recognized symptom questionnaires. For patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the procedure indications recorded in the endoscopic database and the patient's self-reported symptom scores were compared. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients were evaluated. The symptoms of nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia were highly predictive for the presence of these symptoms on the patient questionnaires. The symptoms of dyspepsia/abdominal pain did not predict well the presence of these symptoms on the questionnaire. Patients reported frequent and severe symptoms that were not recorded as indications for the procedures. The overall agreement (kappa statistic) was highly variable, from slight (kappa = 0.07 for anorexia) to moderate (kappa = 0.44 for diarrhea). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic indications are variably associated with self-reported symptom scores. These findings raise concerns about using some endoscopic database indications as accurate representations of patients' symptoms. Until performance characteristics of a given database are known, symptom-oriented research should use validated questionnaires whenever possible.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed2006

The International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire: www.iciq.net.

PURPOSE: In 1998 the first ICI was held in Monaco, sponsored by WHO and organized by the International Continence Society and International Consultation on Urological Diseases. The Scientific Committee recognized the need to develop a universally applicable questionnaire for wide application across international populations in clinical practice and research to assess urinary incontinence, facilitating the comparison of findings from different settings and studies, in a manner similar to the International Prostate Symptom Score. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An Advisory Board was formed to steer the development of the ICIQ and a decision was made to extend the concept further, developing the ICIQ Modular Questionnaire. RESULTS: The first module developed was the ICIQ Short Form Questionnaire for urinary incontinence. ICIQ modules have been developed or adapted for urinary tract symptoms and they are being developed for vaginal and lower bowel symptoms. Additional sexual matters and quality of life modules will become available for each condition area. Modules to assess patient satisfaction are expected to be of particular use for assessing treatment effectiveness. The ICIQ Advisory Board recently proposed the development of the ICIQ website, which is anticipated to be crucial for informing potential users of the phase of development of all ICIQ modules. CONCLUSION: The ICIQ can offer a full range of urinary tract symptom questionnaires. The website will aim to attract collaborators committed to the concept of this internationally accepted modular questionnaire who are willing to help with its development.

Internationality↗
PubMed1999

A comparison of patient and partner responses to a brief sexual function questionnaire.

PURPOSE: Patient self-administered questionnaires have recently been developed to assess sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction. However, it may also be important to assess satisfaction with and any improvements in sexual function from the perspective of the female partner. We report the results of a brief 3-item questionnaire developed for the female partner and its association with an 11-item questionnaire developed for men with erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Men and their female partners each self-administered a brief sexual function questionnaire several times during a clinical trial of an experimental treatment for erectile dysfunction. Items addressed the frequency and firmness of erection, and satisfaction with sex life on a 5-point Likert scale with responses ranging from 0 to 4. We compared mean values of the 3 items common to each questionnaire by respondent, and also analyzed item and scale correlations using weighted kappa statistics and/or the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Data from 389 pairs were available. Generally patient results were fairly consistent with those of partners. Men reported slightly more frequent erection (1.6 versus 1.5), identical firmness of erection (1.2) and less satisfaction (1.2 versus 1.4) than partners. Weighted kappas of the 3 items ranged from 0.47 to 0.61, representing good agreement. The Pearson correlations were slightly higher. Internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's alpha of the 3-item scale was 0.69 (0.77 for patient and 0.81 for partner). CONCLUSIONS: These data support the use of patient and partner assessments of sexual function in clinical trials of erectile dysfunction.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of functional gastrointestinal disease: the bowel disease questionnaire.

A need exists for a self-report questionnaire that reliably and accurately measures symptoms and that distinguishes patients with functional gastrointestinal disease from those with other conditions. We have developed such an instrument, the bowel disease questionnaire, and herein describe details of its discriminatory validity. Data from 399 subjects were analyzed. Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were ultimately diagnosed as having functional gastrointestinal disease (82 with the irritable bowel syndrome and 33 with functional dyspepsia) or organic gastrointestinal disease (N = 101). There were 145 healthy control subjects and 38 patients with a psychiatric disease, somatoform disorder (which includes those with a diagnosis of hypochrondriasis, psychogenic pain, and somatization or conversion disorder). All subjects completed the questionnaire before undergoing an independent diagnostic assessment by experienced physicians. Functional gastrointestinal disease could be distinguished from organic disease, somatoform disorder, and health by using models derived from logistic discriminant analysis. With use of these models, the estimated probability of functional gastrointestinal disease was then calculated. Descriptive symptom scores were of less value than the scores derived from the data sets by logistic discriminant analysis. Age did not significantly affect the responses to the questionnaire items. We conclude that, in the population studied, the bowel disease questionnaire is a valid measure of symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disease, and this instrument may have clinical and research applications.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Validation of a Spanish version of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a validated Spanish version of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ). METHODS: The PISQ is a previously described validated and reliable questionnaire. We used a back-translation method to develop a Spanish-language version. Twenty-six bilingual patients with pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence were randomized to complete either the original English version or the final Spanish version of the PISQ first, followed by the other questionnaire. Scores of the two versions were compared. Paired t test for total PISQ and its three domain scores and Wilcoxon signed rank test for each item assessed the bias between the two equivalent versions. Agreement between the two versions was assessed by weighted kappa statistics, with 95% confidence intervals for each item. P values of .05 or less were considered significant, and kappa values of .75 or greater were considered to indicate good agreement. RESULTS: English and Spanish versions demonstrated no differences for each of the factors and total scores (P = .15, .83, .28, and .56, respectively). Wilcoxon signed rank test demonstrated that one item was answered differently in the English and Spanish versions. Good agreement between Spanish and English versions in 30 of the 31 items was demonstrated by weighted kappa statistics. Overall, 72% of women scored both versions of the questionnaire equivalently. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a validated and reliable Spanish questionnaire to evaluate sexual functioning in Spanish-speaking patients with pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Questionnaire for teachers changes the outcome of school entrance medical examinations.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a teachers' questionnaire on the outcome of school entrance medical examinations (SEMs). METHODOLOGY: Retrospective audit. Routine SEMs in 17 primary schools before and after the introduction of the questionnaire. RESULTS: Primary outcome was teachers' concerns known to school doctors, which increased from 2% of pupils to 27% (P < 0.001). Secondary outcome measures increased significantly: new diagnoses made by school doctors (22-31%, P = 0.038) and follow-ups arranged (8-15%, P = 0.034). Medical or educational intervention was required in 17% of pupils identified by teachers' concerns over the subsequent 3 years. Used as an adjunct for selection for SEMs, the questionnaire would have reduced the number of children with problems overlooked by 60%. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire improves communication between teachers and school doctors. It significantly changed the short- and longer-term outcome of SEMs. The teachers' questionnaire provides a useful adjunct for selection for SEMs.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Treatment responsiveness of the Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire in erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the treatment responsiveness of the disease-specific Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire in erectile dysfunction. METHODS: The SEAR questionnaire was administered at baseline and at the end of the study in 93 patients with erectile dysfunction enrolled in a 10-week, open-label, flexible-dose (50-mg sildenafil, adjustable to 25 mg or 100 mg) trial. Changes from the baseline score were analyzed using the paired t test. The correlation between the changes from baseline on the SEAR questionnaire and the Erectile Function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function was examined. RESULTS: Significant and meaningful differences (P = 0.0001) from baseline were observed in the two primary domains (Sexual Relationship and Confidence) and the two Confidence domain subscales (Self-Esteem and Overall Relationship). The magnitude of the change was quite high for most aspects (Sexual Relationship, effect size [ES] = 1.6; Confidence, ES = 1.0; Self-Esteem, ES = 1.1) and moderate for one (Overall Relationship, ES = 0.6). Changes in Erectile Function domain score correlated moderately with changes in the SEAR domain and subscale scores (Sexual Relationship, r = 0.69; Confidence, r = 0.48; Self-Esteem, r = 0.47; and Overall Relationship, r = 0.35; P <or=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The SEAR questionnaire is responsive to effective treatment of erectile dysfunction. These data suggest that the SEAR questionnaire is a valid instrument for detecting psychosocial gains from beneficial intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Prediction of colorectal cancer by a patient consultation questionnaire and scoring system: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Current NHS guidelines for referral of patients with colorectal symptoms classify many as high risk but fail to identify a significant number of cancers in the low-risk group. We describe a practical scoring method to predict colorectal cancers. METHODS: From October, 1999, 2268 patients with distal colonic symptoms, referred by general practitioners, completed a patient consultation questionnaire linked to a computerised record. Referrals were prioritised with a malignancy risk score by a senior colorectal surgeon separately from the general practitioner's letter and from the questionnaire. A weighted numerical score was derived from weighting of primary symptoms and symptom complexes and was calculated automatically when the questionnaire data were entered into the computer program. Analysis by receiver-operating characteristics assessed the scoring systems. Sensitivities and specificities of scoring systems were compared with McNemar's test. FINDINGS: Of the 2268 patients, 95 had colorectal cancer. The average weighted numerical score was significantly higher for patients with cancer than for non-cancer patients (mean 76.5 [95% CI 72.2-80.9] vs 44.5 [43.6-45.4]; p<0.0001). At similar cancer detection rates, the malignancy risk score derived from the patient consultation questionnaire and the weighted numerical score graded lower proportions of referrals as urgent than did the current NHS guidelines (43.1% and 39.8% vs 49.8%; p<0.0001). INTERPRETATION: The patient consultation questionnaire depends on history alone and is easily reproducible. In conjunction with the weighted numerical score, which removes operator bias, it can be used as an accurate system for prediction of symptomatic colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Quality-of-life questionnaire for patients taking antihypertensive medication.

This study was undertaken to construct a health-related quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaire for hypertensive patients from preexisting instruments and to validate its use in full form and in a shortened version. Two hundred seventy hypertensive patients who were stable while taking antihypertensive medication (control group), changing medication because of side effects, or newly treated for hypertension were enrolled in a prospective, observational, longitudinal study. At baseline and at months 1, 2, and 3, patients completed a questionnaire covering 7 domains of QOL. The criteria for evaluating the scales were internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness to change. Data were analyzed for the full questionnaire and the shortened version. Internal consistency and test-retest correlation values were 0.69 to 0.95 for scales in the full questionnaire and 0.57 to 0.92 in the shortened version. Construct validity was supported by statistically significant, positive correlations with a global QOL item for all but 1 scale in both versions. Responsiveness to change was supported by increases in scores between baseline and month 3 for all scales in patients changing their medication because of side effects; scores remained unchanged (on all but 1 scale) in the stable (control) group. By uniformly applying standard validation criteria to a set of preexisting instruments, we created a new QOL questionnaire. Results were similar in both the full form and shortened version.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Repeatability and prediction from a telephone questionnaire measuring diet and activity level in cats.

A telephone questionnaire was developed to collect information on diet, activity level, and health as part of a prior study examining long-term outcome of early-age vs. traditional-age gonadectomy in cats. The objectives of our current study were to measure the repeatability of the questionnaire through time, to describe changes in diet and activity level over a period of 1-2 years, and to determine whether current diet and activity level characteristics might influence owner ability to recall past information.A total of 100 previously interviewed cat owners completed the second administration of the telephone questionnaire. The interval between the first and second administration of the questionnaire ranged from 0.5 to 2.6 years (median=1.5 years). Owners answered multiple-choice questions related to activity level, appetite, body condition, diet type and brand (open-ended), frequency of feeding, indoor/outdoor status, and time spent outdoors. All variables measured in the questionnaire were analyzed using kappa and a 95% confidence interval. Agreement between the original and current interviews was poor for questions referring to activity level, appetite, body condition, type and brand of treats fed, and table scraps. Agreement was moderate for questions referring to brand of dry and canned foods fed, frequency of feeding, and time spent outdoors. Agreement was high for questions referring to whether dry and canned foods were fed and indoor/outdoor status. Change over time as assessed by kappa was moderate-to-high for all variables measured with the exception of whether dry diet was fed and indoor/outdoor status. Recall of all variables that changed appeared to be at least moderately influenced by current characteristics.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Questionnaire assessment of antioxidants and retinol intakes in Mexican women.

BACKGROUND: In order to assess intake of antioxidants and retinol, we evaluated the validity and reproducibility of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. METHODS: Data were collected from 110 women, aged 15-54 years, who resided in the southern part of Mexico City. Study participants were asked to complete the food frequency questionnaire before and after completing four series of 4 days of 24-h diet recalls. We obtained the 24-h recalls at 3-month intervals designed to account for seasonal variability. In addition, we measured serum blood levels of retinol and various carotenoids at 3 and 9 months after baseline. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients for intake of energy-adjusted daily nutrients, assessed by the questionnaires 1 year apart, ranged from 0.23 for lutein/zeaxanthin to 0.50 for total carotenes. Correlation coefficients between energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were measured by means of the sixteen 24-h dietary recalls, and the second questionnaire ranged from 0.09 for lutein/zeaxanthin to 0.45 for total carotenes. These correlations were higher after adjusting for day-to-day variations in diets ranging from 0.11 for lutein/zeaxanthin to 0.49 for vitamin C. Correlation coefficients between intake and biochemical measures were 0.32 for alpha-carotene, 0.34 for beta-carotene, and 0.40 for total carotene after adjusting for age, body mass index, cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels, smoking status, and caloric intake. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the ability of our food frequency questionnaire to provide valid information on the relative intake of these nutrients and to confirm its usefulness in epidemiological studies of diet-disease relations. However, its application outside Mexico City or in different age or gender populations will require additional modifications and validation efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Usefulness of a review of systems questionnaire in the assessment of the hospitalized adolescent.

A study was conducted to assess whether a standard questionnaire, the Mile Square Youth Clinic Questionnaire, could enhance communication between patients and physicians, leading to an improvement in the care of the hospitalized adolescent. Each questionnaire was compared with: validated concurrent notations on the medical record, and the history recorded in the patient's outpatient chart. Eighty-two of the 100 patients completing the questionnaire presented new information resulting in a better understanding of the individual patient's needs. The new concerns elicited could be categorized into six groupings: personal/family (19.4%), school/friends (17.8%), body/weight (17.2%), somatic concerns/cancer (26.7%), sexuality/birth control (12.2%) and drinking/drugs (6.7%). Most patients had more than one area of concern. The study supports the usefulness of a review of systems questionnaire as a method of data gathering for the hospitalized adolescent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Working out a questionnaire to study the relationship between doctors and the drug industry].

OBJECTIVE: To work out and validate a questionnaire that can be self-filled and has closed answers to describe: 1) the kind of relationship between family doctors and the pharmaceutical industry; 2) the attitude of family doctors towards this relationship, and 3) the conduct of family doctors when faced with concrete offers from the industry. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Representative sample of family doctors working in primary care teams in Aragon, stratified by province, rural or urban setting and sex. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: A questionnaire with closed answers that can be self-filled was worked out. It had 55 items on three scales. It was referred to a group of experts in methodology, administration, health law and Bioethics, for an appraisal of its contents, criteria and construction. It was then re-sent to three of them for appraisal of the stability of their scoring. RESULTS: The questionnaire was valid in contents, criteria and construction. The results of the re-test sent to a part of the total sample gave information on replies' stability and served as a measurement of the reliability of the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire worked out met established psychometric criteria. The analysis of its results after its distribution to a representative sample of Aragonese family doctors may contribute previously unknown information on their attitudes to the drug industry.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[KEZKAK: a new bilingual questionnaire to measure nursing students' stressors in clinical practice].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a bilingual questionnaire (Basque-Spanish) to measure nursing students' stressors in clinical practice. METHODS: Ideas were gathered from nursing students in group discussions. Initially, 287 nursing students from the School of Nursing in San Sebastián (Spain) completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the 55-item version of our questionnaire. After analyzing the items, we selected 41 items for the final version. Some of the subjects completed this final version two (198 = 198) and six months (n = 211) later. RESULTS: The questionnaire presented high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.95), considerable reliability (Spearman's correlation: 0.72 at two months and 0.68 at six months), and acceptable concurrent validity (Spearman's correlation with anxiety: 0.39). Factor analysis produced nine factors, with high internal consistency, which explained 64.4% of the variance. Based on these factors, the main stressors for nursing students in the workplace were produced by lack of competence (11.2%), contact with suffering (9.1%), relationships with tutors, workmates and classmates (8.9%), uncertainty and impotence (7.7%), lack of control in relationships with patients (7.6%), emotional involvement (5.8%), relationships with patients [being harmed by the relationship (5.2%) and patients seeking a close relationship (4.6%)], and overwork (4.3%). Methodological and practice aspects of the questionnaire are discussed, as well as its utility in planning the training of future nurses. CONCLUSION: The KEZKAK questionnaire is a useful instrument for measuring nursing students' stressors in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Asymmetry questionnaire outcomes correlate with several hemisphericity measures.

The asymmetry questionnaire segregated subjects (n=143) into two groups. These were significantly correlated with similar groups separated, not only by three new biophysical hemisphericity protocols (Dichotic Deafness Test, Phased Mirror Tracing, Best Hand Test), but also by two preference-type measures (polarity questionnaire, preference questionnaire). Each of the 15 asymmetry questionnaire statements was significantly correlated with the outcomes of these five laterality measures. This is the third questionnaire whose outcomes correlate with those of the new biophysical measures of hemisphericity.

Adult↗